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Isn't It Ironic? Adapting an Elective on Quarantine and Isolation for Online Delivery Due to a Pandemic.

ABSTRACT: The emergence of COVID-19 and the pandemic that followed have given us a front-row seat to the debate over individual rights vs. public health. There is a fine line between protecting the health of a community and maintaining civil liberties. More than a year before COVID-19 made the jump to humans, a lower-division, non-majors course was developed to explore the application and ramifications of quarantine and isolation. This 10-week class focuses on the biological and epidemiological rationale behind these nonpharmaceutical interventions, important historic examples, and the emotional, societal, and political consequences of such policies. This Quarantine and Isolation elective was included in the 2019-2020 University of Washington, Bothell course catalog and was scheduled to be taught in person spring quarter; little did we know that weeks before this class would meet, Washington State would become the apparent epicenter of America's COVID-19 outbreak. As our campus followed physical distancing protocols and moved to remote emergency learning, it became necessary to shift this course to online delivery, include conversations on how this new public health crisis connected to events of the past, and best support students with their heightened levels of stress and anxiety. The goal of this paper is not only to share curriculum related to quarantine and isolation, but also to describe successful strategies for online instruction and student support during a pandemic and beyond.

SUBMITTER: Iverson-Cabral SL

PROVIDER: S-EPMC8011877 | biostudies-literature |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Project description:Ironic remarks are frequent in everyday language and represent an important form of social cognition. Increasing evidence indicates a deficit in comprehension in schizophrenia. Several models for defective comprehension have been proposed, including possible roles of the medial prefrontal lobe, default mode network, inferior frontal gyri, mirror neurons, right cerebral hemisphere and a possible mediating role of schizotypal personality traits. We investigated the neural correlates of irony comprehension in schizophrenia by using event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). In a prosody-free reading paradigm, 15 female patients with schizophrenia and 15 healthy female controls silently read ironic and literal text vignettes during fMRI. Each text vignette ended in either an ironic (n = 22) or literal (n = 22) statement. Ironic and literal text vignettes were matched for word frequency, length, grammatical complexity, and syntax. After fMRI, the subjects performed an off-line test to detect error rate. In this test, the subjects indicated by button press whether the target sentence has ironic, literal, or meaningless content. Schizotypal personality traits were assessed using the German version of the schizotypal personality questionnaire (SPQ). Patients with schizophrenia made significantly more errors than did the controls (correct answers, 85.3% vs. 96.3%) on a behavioural level. Patients showed attenuated blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) response during irony comprehension mainly in right hemisphere temporal regions (ironic>literal contrast) and in posterior medial prefrontal and left anterior insula regions (for ironic>visual baseline, but not for literal>visual baseline). In patients with schizophrenia, the parahippocampal gyrus showed increased activation. Across all subjects, BOLD response in the medial prefrontal area was negatively correlated with the SPQ score. These results highlight the role of the posterior medial prefrontal and right temporal regions in defective irony comprehension in schizophrenia and the mediating role of schizotypal personality traits.

Project description:BackgroundAs a result of the COVID-19 pandemic a rapid transformation from face-to-face curriculum delivery to an online teaching and learning environment, was adopted in a number of higher education institutions globally. Allied Health Profession courses such as physiotherapy, traditionally utilising an in person teaching model to prepare students for practice, needed to swiftly adopt new methods of delivery, involving both synchronous and asynchronous approaches. Understanding physiotherapy student perceptions of this transition is important to allow faculty to develop their delivery of online teaching and provide an evidence base for future course curricula.MethodsCross-sectional survey of UK higher education students studying either an undergraduate or post-graduate pre-registration degree in physiotherapy was conducted between October 2020 and February 2021. The survey investigated the student's perception of the transition to either an online or hybrid model of learning during the COVID-19 pandemic. A mixed method approach was adopted allowing respondents to share their experiences and facilitate the exploration of questions which required in-depth thought.ResultsTwo hundred thirty-six respondents completed the questionnaire. Online learning was perceived to be a flexible (49%, n=116,CI 95% 43 to 55) and convenient (49, 116, 43 to 55) method of learning. Despite this, 79% of the students surveyed felt that the online learning experience had a negative impact on their understanding of the subject and were disadvantaged compared to traditional face-to-face teaching provision (mean 4.14 ± SD 1.06). Online physiotherapy delivery produced low student satisfaction, leaving respondents feeling disadvantaged. Decreased levels of engagement and the lack of ability to practice 'hands-on' skills were detrimental aspects of the online approach, with 55% (n=106) reporting they did not perceive the academic staff had the necessary skills to deliver effective online content.ConclusionsThe majority of UK physiotherapy students surveyed were dissatisfied and lacked engagement with an online learning approach within the curricula, compared with the traditional face-to-face delivery. Although several positives of both a synchronous and asynchronous delivery were highlighted, faculty must consider how they best deliver online learning content, making use of pedagogical strategies that will create as many learning and engagement opportunities as possible.

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Isn't It Ironic? Adapting an Elective on Quarantine and Isolation for Online Delivery Due to a Pandemic.

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