Dataset Information

Prevalence of depression, anxiety and associated factors among school going adolescents in Bangladesh: Findings from a cross-sectional study.

ABSTRACT:

Background

Common mental disorders in early life represent a major concern as they become more complex and intense with transition into adolescence. Despite global recognition of the significance of adolescent mental health, it remains a neglected area in research and health policy in Bangladesh. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence and factors associated with depression and anxiety among school going adolescents in Bangladesh.

Methods

A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 563 students aged 13-18 years at selected schools (secondary and higher secondary) in Dhaka City. After providing written informed consent, participants completed a survey examining socio-demographic variables, along with the PHQ-9 and GAD-7 scales. Logistic regression was used to examine associations between variables under examination.

Results

The prevalence rates of moderate to severe levels of depression and anxiety were 26.5% and 18.1%, respectively. Based on multivariable analyses, unsatisfactory sleep (AOR = 3.17; 95% CI = 1.81-5.53, p < .001), cigarette smoking (AOR = 2.00; 95% CI = 1.01-3.97, p = .048), and anxiety (AOR = 10.47; 95% CI = 6.11-17.95, p < .001) were associated with depression. Anxiety was associated with being 15-16 years (AOR = 2.66; 95% CI = 1.18-6.00, p = .018), not having good perceived relationships with friends (AOR = 2.10; 95% CI = 1.24-3.56, p = .006) and depression (AOR = 10.22; 95% CI = 6.01-17.38, p < .001).

Conclusions

Depression and anxiety were prevalent among school going adolescents in Bangladesh. The findings suggest epidemiological data can direct policy-level decisions regarding evaluation, prevention, and intervention of mental health conditions among school going adolescents in Bangladesh.

SUBMITTER: Islam MS

PROVIDER: S-EPMC8016317 | biostudies-literature | 2021

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Publications

Prevalence of depression, anxiety and associated factors among school going adolescents in Bangladesh: Findings from a cross-sectional study.

Islam Md Saiful MS Rahman Md Estiar ME Moonajilin Mst Sabrina MS van Os Jim J

PloS one 20210401 4

<h4>Background</h4>Common mental disorders in early life represent a major concern as they become more complex and intense with transition into adolescence. Despite global recognition of the significance of adolescent mental health, it remains a neglected area in research and health policy in Bangladesh. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence and factors associated with depression and anxiety among school going adolescents in Bangladesh.<h4>Methods</h4>A cross-sectional survey was conduc ...[more]

PMID: 33793610

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Project description:Objectives: Mental health problems are among the leading causes of health-related disability among children and adolescents worldwide. However, there is still a global challenge in terms of gathering consistent epidemiological information about the issue. The present study was designed to describe various mental health issues and factors associated with negative feelings among adolescents in Greater London. Methods: This is a cross sectional study, using a self-administered questionnaire (Cronbach's alpha = 0.742). A convenience sampling strategy was used to recruit participants who were school/college-attending adolescents, aged 11-19. A minimum sample size of 199 was required (95% confidence interval, 5% margin of error, and 15.3% population proportion). The study was conducted between February and April 2016 in Greater London. Descriptive statistics and inferential statistics including chi square, Spearman correlation, and binary logistic regression were used to identify the key findings. Data analysis was performed using SPSS v21. Results: A total of 526 out of 1,920 surveys were collected across 18 secondary schools and two colleges, giving a response rate of 27.4%. More than half of the adolescents reported to be either neutral (41.4%), sad (7.8%), or very sad (2.8%), whereas 48% reported to be either happy (35%) or very happy (13%). Difficulties in relationships and hectic schedules were among the most stressful situations affecting adolescents' mental health. Discrimination was identified as the main predicting factor with five-fold increase in odds of having negative mental health symptomatology. Other significant risk factors identified were age, gender, smoking, and health comorbidities. Conclusion: Discrimination was identified as the most predictive factor influencing negative symptomatology among the study cohort. The study had several limitations, most notably the use of a non-validated surrogate measure for mental health, in addition to the exclusion of adolescents aged 10-11 years, school/college dropouts and non-school-going adolescents. A similar study on a national scale is highly recommended to determine the real magnitude of the problem, which would be the starting point toward proper tackling of mental health issues and associated complexities among the adolescent population across England.

Project description:BackgroundCommon psychosocial health problems (PHPs) have become more prevalent among adolescents globally during the COVID-19 pandemic. However, the psychosocial health of school-going adolescents has remained unexplored in Bangladesh due to limited research during the pandemic. The present study aimed to estimate the prevalence of PHPs (i.e., depression and anxiety) and assess associated lifestyle and behavioral factors among school-going adolescents in Bangladesh during the COVID-19 pandemic.MethodsA nationwide cross-sectional survey was conducted among 3,571 school-going adolescents (male: 57.4%, mean age: 14.9±1.8 years; age range: 10-19 years) covering all divisions, including 63 districts in Bangladesh. A semi-structured e-questionnaire, including informed consent and questions related to socio-demographics, lifestyle, academics, pandemic and PHPs, was used to collect data between May and July 2021.ResultsThe prevalence of moderate to severe depression and anxiety were 37.3% and 21.7%, respectively, ranging from 24.7% in the Sylhet Division to 47.5% in the Rajshahi Division for depression, and from 13.4% in the Sylhet Division to 30.3% in the Rajshahi Division for anxiety. Depression and anxiety were associated with older age, reports of poor teacher cooperation in online classes, worries due to academic delays, parental comparison of academic performance with other classmates, difficulties coping with quarantine situations, changes in eating habits, weight gain, physical inactivity and having experienced cyberbullying. Moreover, being female was associated with higher odds of depression.ConclusionsAdolescent psychosocial problems represent a public health problem. The findings suggest a need for generating improved empirically supported school-based psychosocial support programs involving parents and teachers to ensure the well-being of adolescents in Bangladesh. School-based prevention of psychosocial problems that promote environmental and policy changes related to lifestyle practices and active living should be developed, tested, and implemented.

Project description:BackgroundAnxiety disorder is one of the emerging public health problems in many low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Likewise, in Bangladesh, a growing number of adolescents are experiencing such symptoms though we have very limited research evidence available. The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence of anxiety and the factors associated with this condition among urban, semi-urban, and rural school adolescents in Bangladesh.MethodsThis cross-sectional study used a two-stage cluster sampling procedure. A self-administered questionnaire was conveyed to 2355 adolescents from nine secondary schools of Dhaka, Bangladesh. Of the respondents, 2313 completed the seven-item Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD-7). Besides, sociodemographic information, self-reported body image as well as modification of Leisure Time Exercise Questionnaire (LTEQ) and WHO Global PA Questionnaire (GPAQ) were used to determine the sociodemographic and lifestyle factors associated with anxiety among adolescents.ResultsA total of 20.1% of adolescents were experiencing moderate to severe anxiety; of them, a significantly higher proportion (49.9%) of female adolescents were suffering more than males (40.1%). Furthermore, age, student's grade, father's educational level, number of family members, and residential setting were found to be significantly associated with anxiety among adolescents. In terms of lifestyle factors, irregular physical activity (AOR: 1.31; 95% CI: 1.05-1.63), high screen time (AOR: 1.51; 95% CI:1.21-1.88), sleep dissatisfaction (AOR: 3.79; 95% CI: 3.02-4.76), and underweight body image (AOR: 2.37; 95% CI:1.70-3.28) were found to be significantly associated with anxiety among school adolescents of urban, semi-urban, and rural residential settings.ConclusionsAnxiety is prevalent among urban, semi-urban, and rural school adolescents in Dhaka, Bangladesh. To lessen this prevalence of anxiety among Bangladeshi adolescents, evidence-based health programs- healthy school trials-and policies should therefore be taken based on the findings of this study.

Project description:BackgroundDuring adolescence, a critical developmental phase, cognitive, psychological, and social states interact with the environment to influence behaviors like decision-making and social interactions. Depressive symptoms are more prevalent in adolescents than in other age groups which may affect socio-emotional and behavioral development including academic achievement. Here, we determined the association between depression symptom severity and behavioral impairment among adolescents enrolled in secondary schools of Eastern and Central Uganda.MethodsThis cross-sectional study was conducted among 1,669 adolescents enrolled in secondary schools in Eastern and Central Uganda. Our outcome variable was behavioral impairment defined as self-reported behavior that interferes with an individuals' ability to do schoolwork (school performance) or get along with others (peer interaction) (yes/no). The key independent variable was depression symptom severity assessed using the Child and Adolescent Symptom Inventory-5 (CASI-5), a behavior rating scale for symptoms of DSM-5 emotional and behavioral disorders. Modified Poisson regression models tested the independent association between depressive symptom severity and behavioral impairment. Prevalence Rate Ratios (PRR) and 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) were reported.ResultsParticipants' mean age was 15.3 years (SD = 1.8), 58.5% were female, 86.8% witnessed domestic violence, 47.4% had behavioral impairment, and 2.8% had mild depression symptoms. School-going adolescents with mild depression symptoms had two times higher risk of behavioral impairment when compared to those with no or slight depression symptoms, after controlling for potential confounders. Other factors independently associated with higher risk for behavioral impairment were female sex (Adj. PRR 1.27, 95%CI 1.12, 1.43) compared to males, taking alcohol (Adj. PRR 1.42, 95%CI 1.25, 1.61) compared to not taking alcohol, boarding school enrollees (Adj. PRR 1.62, 95%CI 1.33, 1.98), and day school enrollees (Adj. PRR 1.46, 95%CI 1.21, 1.76) compared to mixed (day and boarding) school enrollees respectively, advanced level enrolment (Adj. PRR 1.25, 95%CI 1.05, 1.48) compared to ordinary level enrolment, and attending urban schools (Adj. PRR 1.27, 95%CI 1.11, 1.45) compared to rural secondary school attendance.ConclusionsBehavioral impairments are widespread among Ugandan secondary students. Mild depression symptoms adversely affect adolescents' academic and social lives, potentially leading to long-term consequences. Where feasible, early detection of depressive symptoms and treatment may mitigate their negative effects on student school performance ability and peer/social interaction. Future research should examine school-level factors influencing academic performance by depression status. Policymakers in education and gender sectors should prioritize mental health programs in secondary schools.

Dataset Information

Prevalence of depression, anxiety and associated factors among school going adolescents in Bangladesh: Findings from a cross-sectional study.

Background

Methods

Results

Conclusions

Publications

Prevalence of depression, anxiety and associated factors among school going adolescents in Bangladesh: Findings from a cross-sectional study.

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