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Tumor Necrosis Factor-α-Induced Protein 8-Like 2 Negatively Regulates Innate Immunity Against RNA Virus by Targeting RIG-I in Macrophages.

ABSTRACT: A systematic and flexible immunoregulatory network is required to ensure the proper outcome of antiviral immune signaling and maintain homeostasis during viral infection. Tumor necrosis factor-α-induced protein 8-like 2 (TIPE2), a novel immunoregulatory protein, has been extensively studied in inflammatory response, apoptosis, and cancer. However, the function of TIPE2 in antiviral innate immunity is poorly clarified. In this study, we reported that the expression of TIPE2 declined at the early period and then climbed up in macrophages under RNA virus stimulation. Knockout of TIPE2 in the macrophages enhanced the antiviral capacity and facilitated type I interferon (IFN) signaling after RNA viral infection both in vitro and in vivo. Consistently, overexpression of TIPE2 inhibited the production of type I IFNs and pro-inflammatory cytokines, and thus promoted the viral infection. Moreover, TIPE2 restrained the activation of TBK1 and IRF3 in the retinoic acid inducible gene-I (RIG-I)-like receptors (RLR) signaling pathway by directly interacting with retinoic acid inducible gene-I (RIG-I). Taken together, our results suggested that TIPE2 suppresses the type I IFN response induced by RNA virus by targeting RIG-I and blocking the activation of downstream signaling. These findings will provide new insights to reveal the immunological function of TIPE2 and may help to develop new strategies for the clinical treatment of RNA viral infections.

SUBMITTER: Zou Z

PROVIDER: S-EPMC8017232 | biostudies-literature |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Project description:Retinoic acid-inducible gene I (RIG-I), a cytosolic pattern recognition receptor (PRR), can sense various RNA viruses, including the avian influenza virus (AIV) and infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV), and trigger the innate immune response. Previous studies have shown that mammalian RIG-I (human and mice) and waterfowl RIG-I (ducks and geese) are essential for type I interferon (IFN) synthesis during AIV infection. Like ducks, pigeons are also susceptible to infection but are ineffective propagators and disseminators of AIVs, i.e., "dead end" hosts for AIVs and even highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI). Consequently, we sought to identify pigeon RIG-I and investigate its roles in the detection of A/Chicken/Shandong/ZB/2007 (H9N2) (ZB07), Gansu/Tianshui (IBDV TS) and Beijing/CJ/1980 (IBDV CJ-801) strains in chicken DF-1 fibroblasts or human 293T cells. Pigeon mRNA encoding the putative pigeon RIG-I analogs was identified. The exogenous expression of enhanced green fluorescence protein (EGFP)-tagged pigeon RIG-I and caspase activation and recruitment domains (CARDs), strongly induced antiviral gene (IFN-β, Mx, and PKR) mRNA synthesis, decreased viral gene (M gene and VP2) mRNA expression, and reduced the viral titers of ZB07 and IBDV TS/CJ-801 virus strains in chicken DF-1 cells, but not in 293T cells. We also compared the antiviral abilities of RIG-I proteins from waterfowl (duck and goose) and pigeon. Our data indicated that waterfowl RIG-I are more effective in the induction of antiviral genes and the repression of ZB07 and IBDV TS/CJ-801 strain replication than pigeon RIG-I. Furthermore, chicken melanoma differentiation associated gene 5(MDA5)/ mitochondrial antiviral signaling (MAVS) silencing combined with RIG-I transfection suggested that pigeon RIG-I can restore the antiviral response in MDA5-silenced DF-1 cells but not in MAVS-silenced DF-1 cells. In conclusion, these results demonstrated that pigeon RIG-I and CARDs have a strong antiviral ability against AIV H9N2 and IBDV in chicken DF-1 cells but not in human 293T cells.

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Tumor Necrosis Factor-α-Induced Protein 8-Like 2 Negatively Regulates Innate Immunity Against RNA Virus by Targeting RIG-I in Macrophages.

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