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Stimulus-response complexity influences task-set inhibition in task switching.

ABSTRACT: Previous studies have found that inhibiting a task set plays an important role in task switching. However, the impact of stimulus-response (S-R) complexity on this inhibition processing has not been explored. In this study, we applied the backward inhibition paradigm (switching between tasks A, B, and C, presented in sets of three) in order to investigate inhibition performance under different S-R complexities caused by corresponding S-R mappings. The results showed that the difficult condition resulted in a greater switch cost than the moderate and easy conditions. Furthermore, we found a significant n-2 repetition cost under the easy S-R complexity that was reversed under the difficult S-R complexity. To verify stability of the reversed n-2 repetition cost in the difficult condition, we recruited another independent sample to conduct an additional experiment with the difficult condition. These results replicated the reversed n-2 repetition cost. These findings suggest that S-R complexity affects task-set inhibition in task switching because the effect of the task-set inhibition was insignificant when the S-R complexity increased; it was only significant under the easy condition. This result was caused by the different cognitive resource assignments.

SUBMITTER: Zhao L

PROVIDER: S-EPMC8018243 | biostudies-literature | 2021

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Stimulus-response complexity influences task-set inhibition in task switching.

Zhao Li L Hu Saisai S Xia Yingying Y Li Jinyu J Zhao Jingjing J Li Ya Y Wang Yonghui Y

PeerJ 20210330

Previous studies have found that inhibiting a task set plays an important role in task switching. However, the impact of stimulus-response (S-R) complexity on this inhibition processing has not been explored. In this study, we applied the backward inhibition paradigm (switching between tasks A, B, and C, presented in sets of three) in order to investigate inhibition performance under different S-R complexities caused by corresponding S-R mappings. The results showed that the difficult condition ...[more]

PMID: 33850644

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Project description:Executive response functions can be affected by preceding events, even if they are no longer associated with the current task at hand. For example, studies utilizing the stop signal task have reported slower response times to "GO" stimuli when the preceding trial involved the presentation of a "STOP" signal. However, the neural mechanisms that underlie this behavioral after-effect are unclear. To address this, behavioral and electroencephalography (EEG) measures were examined in 18 young adults (18-30 years) on "GO" trials following a previously "Successful Inhibition" trial (pSI), a previously "Failed Inhibition" trial (pFI), and a previous "GO" trial (pGO). Like previous research, slower response times were observed during both pSI and pFI trials (i.e., "GO" trials that were preceded by a successful and unsuccessful inhibition trial, respectively) compared to pGO trials (i.e., "GO" trials that were preceded by another "GO" trial). Interestingly, response time slowing was greater during pSI trials compared to pFI trials, suggesting executive control is influenced by both task set switching and persisting motor inhibition processes. Follow-up behavioral analyses indicated that these effects resulted from between-trial control adjustments rather than repetition priming effects. Analyses of inter-electrode coherence (IEC) and inter-trial coherence (ITC) indicated that both pSI and pFI trials showed greater phase synchrony during the inter-trial interval compared to pGO trials. Unlike the IEC findings, differential ITC was present within the beta and alpha frequency bands in line with the observed behavior (pSI > pFI > pGO), suggestive of more consistent phase synchrony involving motor inhibition processes during the ITI at a regional level. These findings suggest that between-trial control adjustments involved with task-set switching and motor inhibition processes influence subsequent performance, providing new insights into the dynamic nature of executive control.

Dataset Information

Stimulus-response complexity influences task-set inhibition in task switching.

Publications

Stimulus-response complexity influences task-set inhibition in task switching.

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