Post-synthesis nanostructuration of BSA-Capsaicin nanoparticles generated by sucrose excipient.
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ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Carriles R
PROVIDER: S-EPMC8024356 | biostudies-literature |
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
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Project description:Capsaicin is a chemical compound found in pungent chili peppers (Capsicum spp.). In biotechnology, capsaicin has been proposed as a pathogen control; however, its low solubility in water and high instability limits its uses. The aim of this work was to study the effect of high concentrations of capsaicin on the synthesis of nanoparticles and to evaluate their inhibitory effect on the growth of Rhodotorula mucilaginosa yeast. Bovine serum albumin (BSA)-capsaicin nanoparticles were formulated at 0, 16.2, 32.5, 48.7 and 65.0 µg of capsaicin per mg of BSA. Nanoparticle properties were evaluated and they were added to cultures of R. mucilaginosa to quantify their effect on cell viability. We found that increased capsaicin levels caused several changes to the physicochemical parameters, probably due to changes in the hydrophobicity sites of the albumin during the nanostructuration. The administration of nanoparticles to cultures of R. mucilaginosa produced a maximal viability with nanoparticles at 16.2 µg/mg; on the contrary, nanoparticles at 65.0 µg/mg caused maximal cell death. R. mucilaginosa cells displayed a hormesis effect in response to the nanoparticle dose concentration. The nanoparticles showed different responses during the uptake process, probably as a consequence of the nanostructural properties of capsaicin in the BSA molecules.
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Project description:Protein-related nanotheranostic agents hold great promise as tools to serve many clinical applications. Proteins such as BSA are used to regulate the synthesis of nondegradable inorganic nanoparticles (NPs). To fully employ the potential of such proteins, a new type of biosafe nanotheranostic agent must be designed to optimize BSA as a biomineralization agent. Here, a straightforward BSA-assisted biomineralization method was developed to prepare gallic acid (GA)-Fe(III) coordination polymer NPs. BSA-coated GA-Fe (GA-Fe@BSA) NPs were ultrasmall (3.5 nm) and showed good biocompatibility, a lower r2:r1 ratio (1.06), and strong absorption in the visible near-infrared region. T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging of tumor-bearing mice before and after intratumoral injection with GA-Fe@BSA NPs definitively demonstrated positive change. In a subsequent in vivo study, antitumor activity was precipitated by intratumoral injection of GA-Fe@BSA NPs combined with laser treatment, suggesting excellent outcomes with this treatment method. These results describe a successful protocol in which BSA regulated the synthesis of benign organic polymer NPs. GA-Fe@BSA NPs have the potential to be ideal agents to be used in clinical theranostic nanoplatforms.
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Project description:This article presents a study on Metal-Assisted Chemical Etching (MACE) of silicon in HF-H2O2 using silver nanoparticles as catalysts. Our aim is a better understanding of the process to elaborate new 3D submicrometric surface structures useful for light management. We investigated MACE over the whole range of silicon doping, i.e., p++, p+, p, p-, n, n+, and n++. We discovered that, instead of the well-defined and straight mesopores obtained in p and n-type silicon, in p++ and n++ silicon MACE leads to the formation of cone-shaped macropores filled with porous silicon. We account for the transition between these two pore-formation regimes (straight and cone-shaped pores) by modeling (at equilibrium and under polarization) the Ag/Si/electrolyte (HF) system. The model simulates the system as two nanodiodes in series. We show that delocalized MACE is explained by a large tunnel current contribution for the p-Si/Ag and n-Si/HF diodes under reverse polarization, which increases with the doping level and when the size of the nanocontacts (Ag, HF) decreases. By analogy with the results obtained on heavily doped silicon, we finally present a method to form size-controlled cone-shaped macropores in p silicon with silver nanoparticles. This shape, instead of the usual straight mesopores, is obtained by applying an external anodic polarization during MACE. Two methods are shown to be effective for the control of the macropore cone angle: one by adjusting the potential applied during MACE, the other by changing the H2O2 concentration. Under appropriate etching conditions, the obtained macropores exhibit optical properties (reflectivity ~3 %) similar to that of black silicon.
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Project description:Oral drug delivery is an attractive noninvasive alternative to injectables. However, oral delivery of biopharmaceuticals is highly challenging due to low stability during transit in the gastrointestinal tract (GIT), resulting in low systemic bioavailability. Thus, novel formulation strategies are essential to overcome this challenge. An interesting approach is increasing retention in the GIT by utilizing mucoadhesive biomaterials as excipients. Here, we explored the potential of the GRAS excipient sucrose acetate isobutyrate (SAIB) to obtain mucoadhesion in vivo. Mucoadhesive properties of a 90% SAIB/10% EtOH (w/w) drug delivery system (DDS) were assessed using a biosimilar mucus model and evaluation of rheological behavior after immersion in biosimilar intestinal fluid. To ease readability of this manuscript, we will refer to this as SAIB DDS. The effect of SAIB DDS on cell viability and epithelial membrane integrity was tested in vitro prior to in vivo studies that were conducted using SPECT/CT imaging in rats. When combining SAIB DDS with biosimilar mucus, increased viscosity was observed due to secondary interactions between biosimilar mucus and sucrose ester predicting considerable mucoadhesion. Mucoadhesion was confirmed in vivo, as radiolabeled insulin entrapped in SAIB DDS, remained in the small intestine for up to 22 h after administration. Moreover, the integrity of the system was investigated using the dynamic gastric model under conditions simulating the chemical composition of stomach fluid and physical shear stress in the antrum under fasted conditions. In conclusion, SAIB is an interesting and safe biomaterial to promote high mucoadhesion in the GIT after oral administration.
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Project description:Breast cancer is characterized by the uncontrolled proliferation of breast epithelial cells under the action of a variety of carcinogens. Although HER2-inhibitors were currently applied for HER2-positive breast cancer patients, they didn't work for patients with resistance to HER2-targeted anti-cancer drugs. In this work, we prepared novel CuS@BSA-NB2 nanoparticles (NPs) for breast cancer photothermal therapy (PTT). The NPs had good biocompatibility due to the Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA) encapsulating and excellent targeting to HER2 because of nanobody 2 (NB2). Under 808 nm laser irradiation, CuS@BSA-NB2 NPs had high photothermal conversion efficiency and photothermal stability. Meanwhile, we constructed a stable cell line of MDA-MB-231/HER2 with a high expression of HER2 protein. Immunofluorescence and ICP-MS assays showed that CuS@BSA-NB2 NPs can be specifically enriched and be ingested in MDA-MB-231/HER2 cells. Furthermore, CuS@BSA-NB2 NPs had shown a more significant photothermal treatment effect than CuS@BSA under certain treatment conditions for MDA-MB-231/HER2. In addition, the cytotoxicity assay demonstrated that CuS@BSA-NB2 NPs had a low toxicity for MDA-MB-231/HER2 cells. The above results suggested that CuS@BSA-NB2 NPs were great photothermal therapeutic agents to reduce the malignant proliferation of breast epithelial cells and have potential for breast cancer therapy.
| S-EPMC8815789 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Over the past decade, the dose of nanoparticles given to solid tumors has remained at a median of 0.7% of the injected dose. Most nanoparticles are trapped in a mononuclear phagocyte system (MPS), of which 85% are Kupffer cells. In our study, threshold doses of bovine serum albumin (BSA) nanoparticles were investigated for the uptake of Kupffer cells in vitro and in vivo. The antitumor effect and safety of albumin-bound paclitaxel (ABP) were improved by using threshold doses of BSA nanoparticles. We found a threshold dose of 20,000 nanoparticles per macrophage uptake in vitro and a saturation dose of 0.3 trillion nanoparticles in tumor-bearing mice. In vivo efficacy and safety evaluations demonstrated that the threshold doses of blank BSA nanoparticles could significantly improve the efficacy and safety of ABP against tumors compared with ABP alone. In this study, the delivery efficiency of ABP was improved by using blank nanoparticles to saturate Kupffer cells, which provided a new approach to studying the Kupffer cell saturation threshold and thus a new scheme for improving the curative effect of ABP.
| S-EPMC9864197 | biostudies-literature
Project description:AIM: To prepare a biodegradable polymeric carrier for oral delivery of a water-insoluble drug capsaicin (CAP) and evaluate its quality. METHODS: CAP-loaded methoxy poly (ethylene glycol)-poly(ε-caprolactone) nanoparticles (CAP/NPs) were prepared using a modified emulsification solvent diffusion technique. The quality of CAP/NPs were evaluated using transmission electron microscopy, powder X-ray diffraction, differential scanning calorimetry and Fourier transform infrared techniques. A dialysis method was used to analyze the in vitro release profile of CAP from the CAP/NPs. Adult male rats were orally administered CAP/NPs (35 mg/kg), and the plasma concentrations of CAP were measured with a validated HPLC method. The morphology of rat gastric mucosa was studied with HE staining. RESULTS: CAP/NPs had an average diameter of 82.54 ± 0.51 nm, high drug-loading capacity of 14.0% ± 0.13% and high stability. CAP/NPs showed a biphasic release profile in vitro: the burst release was less than 25% of the loaded drug within 12 h followed by a more sustained release for 60 h. The pharmacokinetics study showed that the mean maximum plasma concentration was observed 4 h after oral administered of CAP/NPs, and approximately 90 ng/mL of CAP was detected in serum after 36 h. The area under the curve for the CAP/NPs group was approximately 6-fold higher than that for raw CAP suspension. Histological studies showed that CAP/NPs markedly reduced CAP-caused gastric mucosa irritation. CONCLUSION: CAP/NPs significantly enhance the bioavailability of CAP and markedly reduce gastric mucosa irritation in rats.
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Project description:The objective of this study was to evaluate the in vivo application and photothermal ablation effects and mechanism of copper sulfide nanoparticles (CuS NPs) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Sheet-like CuS-BSA NPs with a particle size of 30 nm were synthesized using bovine serum albumin (BSA) as a biological modifier, and were physically characterized. To provide a reference range for the biosafety dose of CuS-BSA NPs, 36 male Kunming mice were randomly assigned into six groups. Different one-time doses of CuS-BSA NPs were injected via tail vein injection, and the potential damages of liver, kidney and spleen were observed 14 days later. To evaluate the in vivo photothermal effect of CuS-BSA NPs, 48 male Kunming mice were used to establish the H22 hepatoma-bearing mouse model and were randomly assigned into six groups. CuS-BSA NPs (600 μg/kg) were injected via tail vein or intratumoral injection. Irradiations were performed 30 min after injection, with a 980 nm near-infrared laser (2.0 W/cm2) for 10 min once a week for 3 weeks. The results indicated that the CuS-BSA NPs had good dispersibility in three different solvents and had a strong absorption peak at 980 nm. The heating curves demonstrated that the photothermal effects of CuS-BSA NPs aqueous solution exhibited concentration dependence and power density dependence. In the in vivo experiment, when the doses of CuS-BSA NPs were in the range of 1800-7,200 μg/kg, the thymus index and spleen index of mice were not significantly different from those of the control group, and the structures of liver, kidney and spleen were intact without remarkable pathological changes. A lower dose of CuS-BSA NPs (600 μg/kg) could effectively inhibit tumor growth in H22 hepatoma-bearing mice at 980 nm NIR. Moreover, under the near-infrared laser irradiation, both in the tail vein injection group and the intratumoral injection group, a large area of necrosis in the tumor tissue, as well as the up-regulation of apoptotic proteins including cleaved caspase-3 and cleaved caspase-9 were observed. CuS-BSA NPs are promising photothermal agents in the photothermal therapy of cancer.
| S-EPMC9596806 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Genetic variability in the ability to taste thiourea compounds has been studied for 80+ years. Over the last 3 decades, many studies have reported perceived intensity of concentrated propylthiouracil (PROP) associates with greater intensity from a broad range of stimuli, including nonbitter tastants, irritants, and retronasally delivered odorants. Thus, PROP phenotype has become a common measure of individual differences in orosensation. Much, but not all, of the phenotypic variation in PROP bitterness is explained by TAS2R38 polymorphisms. While differences in PROP bitterness are clearly due to genetic variation, mechanistically it is challenging to envision how this receptor (narrowly tuned to the N-C=S moiety) relates to overall orosensory response. Here, we report data for 200+ individuals who had been genotyped for TAS2R38 and phenotyped for PROP in a laboratory setting. Participants also reported the intensity of quinine, capsaicin, and sucrose on a general Labeled Magnitude Scale. Our data recapitulate earlier reports associating PROP bitterness with the intensity of the predominant qualities of sucrose, quinine, and capsaicin; however, we also find correlations between the intensities of sucrose, quinine, and capsaicin were much stronger with each other than with PROP. As expected, TAS2R38 diplotype did not associate with the intensity of sucrose, quinine, or capsaicin. The strength of PROP-capsaicin and PROP-sucrose relationships increased after grouping participants by TAS2R38 diplotype, with the greatest increases in association observed within homozygotes. Collectively, this suggests the suprathreshold intensity of PROP is a confounded phenotype that captures both genetic variation specific to N-C=S compounds and overall orosensation.
| S-EPMC7320216 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Dye-containing industrial effluents create major concern nowadays. To address the problem, magnetic nickel oxide nanoparticles (NONPs) were synthesized using the autopropagator combustion technique assisted by sucrose as fuel and used for the removal of toxic malachite green (MG) from water. The material was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM-EDS), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), vibrating sample magnetism (VSM), point of zero charge (pHZPC), and Brunauer-Emmet-Teller surface area analysis. SEM images show flowerlike texture with the presence of multiple pores. VSM reveals a well-defined hysteresis at room temperature, confirming a permanent magnetic nature of the material. pHZPC was found to be 6.63, which enables dye separation in the drinking water pH range. MG removal from water was carried out in the batch mode with optimized physicochemical parameters such as contact time, pH, temperature, and dose. Langmuir adsorption capacity was estimated to be 87.72 mg/g. Pseudo-second order kinetics (R 2 = 0.999) and Langmuir isotherm model (R 2 = 0.997) were found to best fit. The magnetic nature facilitates fast and quantitative separation of NONPs from solution using a hand-held magnet. Dye-loaded NONPs can be easily regenerated up to 89% and reused up to five cycles without significant loss of activity. The mechanism of adsorption is proposed to be a combination of electrostatic attraction and weak hydrogen bonding. Strategically designed straightforward synthetic protocol, low cost, high uptake capacity, and sustainable use render NONPs an ideal alternative for future dye treatment.
| S-EPMC7364633 | biostudies-literature