Maleate salts of bedaquiline.
Ontology highlight
ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Zeller M
PROVIDER: S-EPMC8025853 | biostudies-literature |
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
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Project description:Bedaquiline [systematic name: 1-(6-bromo-2-methoxyquinolin-3-yl)-4-(dimethylamino)-2-(naphthalen-1-yl)-1-phenylbutan-2-ol, C32H31BrN2O2] is one of two important new drugs for the treatment of drug-resistant tuberculosis (TB). It is marketed in the US as its fumarate salt {systematic name: [4-(6-bromo-2-methoxyquinolin-3-yl)-3-hydroxy-3-(naphthalen-1-yl)-4-phenylbutyl]dimethylazanium 3-carboxyprop-2-enoate, C32H32BrN2O2+·C4H3O4-}, and about a dozen other salts of bedaquiline have been described in patent literature, but none have so far been structurally described. In a first communication, we present the crystal structure of bedaquilinium fumarate and of two new benzoate salts, as well as that of a degradation product of the reaction of bedaquilinium fumarate with sodium ethoxide, 3-benzyl-6-bromo-2-methoxyquinoline, C17H14BrNO. The fumarate and benzoate salts both feature cations monoprotonated at the dimethylamino group. The much less basic quinoline N atom remains unprotonated. Both salts feature a 1:1 cation-to-anion ratio, with the fumarate being present as monoanionic hydrofumarate. The conformations of the cations are compared to that of free base bedaquiline and with each other. The flexible backbone of the bedaquiline structure leads to a landscape of conformations with little commonalities between the bedaquiline entities in the various structures. The conformations are distinctively different for the two independent molecules of the free base, the two independent molecules of the hydrofumarate salt, and the one unique cation of the benzoate salt. Packing of the salts is dominated by hydrogen bonding. Hydrogen-bonding motifs, as well as the larger hydrogen-bonded entities within the salts, are quite similar for the salts, despite the vastly differing conformations of the cations, and both the hydrofumarate and the benzoate structure feature chains of hydrogen-bonded anions that are surrounded by and hydrogen bonded to the larger bedaquilinium cations, leading to infinite broad ribbons of anions, cations, and (for the benzoate salt) water molecules. The benzoate salt was isolated in two forms: as a 1.17-hydrate (C32H32BrN2O2+·C7H5O2-·1.166H2O), obtained from acetone or propanol solution, with one fully occupied water molecule tightly integrated into the hydrogen-bonding network of anions and cations, and one partially occupied water molecule [refined occupancy 16.6 (7)%], only loosely hydrogen bonded to the quinoline N atom. The second form is an acetonitrile solvate (C32H32BrN2O2+·C7H5O2-·0.742CH3CN·H2O), in which the partially occupied water molecule is replaced by a 74.2 (7)%-occupied acetonitrile molecule. The partial occupancy induces disorder for the benzoate phenyl ring. The acetonitrile solvate is unstable in atmosphere and converts into a form not distinguishable by powder XRD from the 1.17-hydrate.
| S-EPMC7642769 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Bedaquiline is used to treat multi-resistant tuberculosis in adults. The fumarate salt is commercially available and used in the product Sirturo. To provide open access to bedaquiline molecule once the patent on the chemical substance expires, new salts were screened. This work offers additional information on the bedaquiline system, as new salts may present better pharmacokinetic properties. The current studies focus on the attempted isolation of the acetate, benzoate, benzenesulfonate, hydrobromide, succinate, hydrochloride, tartrate, lactate, maleate, malate, and mesylate salts of bedaquiline. Potential salts were screened using a unique combination of conventional screening, and small-scale experiments supplemented by crystallographic analysis and infrared microspectroscopy. Salts were prepared on a larger scale by dissolving 1:1 ratios of the individual salt formers and bedaquiline base (30 mg, 0.055 mmol) in different solvents and allowing the solutions to evaporate or crystallize. X-ray diffraction (XRD) techniques and spectroscopic and thermal analyses were employed to characterize the salts. The benzoate and maleate salts were selected as lead candidates after reviewing preliminary characterization data. To determine the most stable forms for the leads, a polymorph screen was conducted using solvents of various polarities. These salt screens successfully generated five new salts of bedaquiline, namely, benzoate, maleate, hydrochloride, besylate, and mesylate. The existence of these salts was confirmed by powder XRD, proton NMR, and IR spectroscopies. TGA and DSC thermal analysis along with hot-stage optical microscopy were further used to characterize the salts. The polymorph screen conducted on the salts suggested the absence of additional polymorphs at 1 g scale.
| S-EPMC8387259 | biostudies-literature
Project description:The study of the formation of microstructures during the interaction of a protonated drug-like compound (API) with a maleic acid monoanion sheds light on the assembly processes in an aqueous solution at the molecular level. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations coupled with density functional theory (DFT) calculations made it possible to find initial hydrogen bonding motifs during the assembly process, leading to the formation of heterodimers and trimers. The process of trimer formation [protonated API-maleic acid monoanion-protonated API] proceeds through the formation of three intermolecular H-bonds by the CO2- group of the maleic acid monoanion in both systems. The total enthalpy/energy of these H-bonds is more than 70 kJ/mol. Thus, the maleic acid monoanion plays a key role in the processes of association in aqueous solution, and the interaction of the maleic acid monoanion with API is more preferable than the interaction of API molecules with each other. DFT computations in the discrete continuum approximation reveal the spectral features of heterodimers and trimers, and the ATR-IR spectra confirmed these findings. MD simulations followed by DFT calculations made it possible to describe the initial stages of the formation of pharmaceutical cocrystals in an aqueous solution.
| S-EPMC9181654 | biostudies-literature
Project description:THE TITLE COMPOUND [SYSTEMATIC NAME: 3-(10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[b,f]azepin-5-yl)-N,N,2-trimethyl-propan-1-aminium hydrogen maleate], C(20)H(27)N(2) (+)·C(4)H(3)O(4) (-), a maleate salt of trimipramine, crystallizes with four independent cation-anion pairs in the asymmetric unit. The trimipramine cation contains a seven-membered azepine ring with two fused benzene rings whose mean planes are separated by 51.7?(1)°. Inter-molecular N-H?O and intra-molecular O-H?O hydrogen bonds pack the ions into chains along [101]. Additional weak inter-molecular C-H?O inter-actions help to influence the twist angles of the mean planes of the benzene rings fused to the azepine ring in the cation. A geometry-optimized MOPAC AM1 theoretical calculation supports these observations.
| S-EPMC2979907 | biostudies-literature
Project description:In the title compound, C(4)H(8)N(3)O(+)·C(4)H(3)O(4) (-), the cations and anions are linked through N-H?O hydrogen bonds making a ionic pair with an R(2) (2)(8) ring motif. These ionic pairs are further connected through another N-H?O hydrogen bond, leading to an R(6) (6)(16) ring motif around the inversion centres of the unit cell. These approximately planar aggregates are further connected through weak van der Waals inter-actions in the unit cell. The anions have a characteristic intra-molecular O-H?O hydrogen bond with a self-associated ring S(7) motif.
| S-EPMC3247321 | biostudies-other
Project description:In the cation of the title salt {systematic name: 4-[bis-(4-fluoro-phen-yl)meth-yl]-1-[(2E)-3-phenyl-prop-2-en-1-yl]piperazin-1-ium hydrogen maleate}, C26H27F2N2 (+)·C4H3O4 (-), the protonated piperazine ring is in a chair conformation. The dihedral angle between the 4-fluoro-phenyl rings is 68.2?(2)°. An intra-molecular O-H?O hydrogen bond occurs in the anion. In the crystal, N-H?O, C-H?O and C-H?F inter-actions are observed, which link the ions into [001] chains.
| S-EPMC3793824 | biostudies-other
Project description:Mol-ecules in the title compound, C(4)H(7)N(2) (+)·C(4)H(3)O(4) (-), are linked by inter-molecular N-H?O hydrogen bonds into one-dimensional chains parallel to [101]. These chains are in turn linked by an R(2) (2)(8) motif, formed by weak C-H?O hydrogen bonds, into corrugated sheets running parallel to (10). These sheets are further linked by weak inter-molecular C-H?O hydrogen bonds, forming a three-dimensional network. Intra-molecular N-H?O and O-H?O inter-actions are also present.
| S-EPMC2968590 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Background: Infectious diseases are still a leading cause of death and, with the emergence of drug resistance, pose a great threat to human health. New drugs are thus continually being developed, without their effects on the immune system being studied in-depth. Here we aim to evaluate the impact of a recently release anti-TB drug, named bedaquiline (BDQ), on the response of human macrophages infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB). Results: Here, we used MTB resistant to BDQ as a model of bacterial infection to examine the impact of BDQ on the human macrophage response. Gene expression profiling has revealed about 1,500 genes differentially expressed in MTB infected macrophages incubated with BDQ. The expression of 499 genes was upregulated and that of 996 downregulated upon treatment. The gene set up-regulated by BDQ was significantly enriched for genes involved in glucose/phospholipid metabolism, lysosome and autophagy. We found similar results with uninfected macrophages-treated with BDQ. Conclusions: Our results highlight the importance to study the interactions between antibiotics and host cells at the molecular level to better understand the consequences of antibiotic treatment during infection
2020-01-01 | GSE133145 | GEO
Project description:Background: A new, effective anti-tuberculosis (TB) regimen containing bedaquiline (BDQ) and pyrifazimine (TBI-166) has been recommended for a phase IIb clinical trial. Preclinical drug-drug interaction (DDI) studies of the combination of BDQ and TBI-166 have been designed to support future clinical trials. In this study, we investigated whether a DDI between BDQ and TBI-166 affects the pharmacokinetics of BDQ. Methods: We performed in vitro quantification of the fractional contributions of the fraction of drug metabolism by individual CYP enzymes (f m) of BDQ and the inhibition potency of key metabolic pathways of TBI-166. Furthermore, we conducted an in vivo steady-state pharmacokinetics study in a murine TB model and healthy BALB/c mice. Results: The in vitro f m value indicated that the CYP3A4 pathway contributed more than 75% to BDQ metabolism to N-desmethyl-bedaquiline (M2), and TBI-166 was a moderate (IC50 2.65 µM) potential CYP3A4 inhibitor. Coadministration of BDQ and TBI-166 greatly reduced exposure to metabolite M2 (AUC0-t 76310 vs 115704 h ng/mL, 66% of BDQ alone), whereas the exposure to BDQ and TBI-166 did not changed. The same trend was observed both in healthy and TB model mice. The plasma concentration of M2 decreased significantly after coadministration of BDQ and TBI-166 and decreased further during treatment in the TB model. Conclusions: In conclusion, our results showed that the combination of BDQ and TBI-166 significantly reduced exposure to the toxic metabolite M2 by inhibiting the activity of the CYP3A4 pathway. The potential safety and efficacy benefits demonstrated by the TB treatment highly suggest that coadministration of BDQ and TBI-166 should be studied further.
| S-EPMC10582325 | biostudies-literature
Project description:We have employed the Zebrafish gene expression microarray (MZH_Zebrafish_16k_v1.0) as a discovery platform to analyze the trancriptome of 108hpf (hours post fertilization) embryos exposed from the 96hpf to 108hpf to 100µM of diethylmaleate (DEM).
2011-09-24 | GSE32267 | GEO