Relationship between peripapillary atrophy and myopia progression in the eyes of young school children.
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ABSTRACT: Background/objectives
Myopia progression is of great concern because of its association with an increased risk of sight-threatening conditions. This study aims to determine whether certain clinical and optic disc features are associated with the rate of myopia progression.Subjects/methods
In this retrospective longitudinal observational study, we reviewed the medical records of 95 patients aged 6-11 years with myopia (spherical equivalent refractive error (SER) at baseline ≤ -0.5 D) and collected data regarding medical history, comprehensive ophthalmologic examination, and fundus photography. Using fundus photographs, we measured the ratio of horizontal to vertical disc diameter (HVDR), ratio of maximum β-zone peripapillary atrophy (β-PPA) width to vertical disc diameter (PVDR), and optic disc torsion. Outcome measurements included 2-year myopia progression (D/year) and overall myopia progression during the entire follow-up with a mean of 51 months.Results
Mean age at initial visit was 7.67 ± 1.50 years and mean SER at baseline was -2.91 ± 1.68 D (range, -5.75 to -0.50 D). In the univariate analysis, age, parental myopia, SER at baseline, HVDR, and PVDR were significantly associated with myopia progression (P < 0.05). In the multivariate analysis, however, only age at initial visit and PVDR were significant factors associated with both 2-year and overall myopia progression.Conclusions
Children with younger age and smaller β-PPA at baseline showed a faster myopia progression. This study suggests that the width of β-PPA, regardless of SER, might be used as a quantitative parameter to predict the potential for further myopia progression associated with scleral stretching.
SUBMITTER: Moon Y
PROVIDER: S-EPMC8026955 | biostudies-literature |
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
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Project description:PurposeThis study aims to increase our understanding of the relationship between family and myopia in Chinese children.MethodsStudents had a physical examination and were required to provide the necessary demographic information. Children and their guardians from different family types were required to fill in a questionnaire concerning myopia factors.ResultsIn this study, the prevalence of myopia in enrolled students aged 6-17 is 55.5%. The proportion of the nuclear family, extended family, single-parent family, and left-behind family is 40.6%, 43.7%, 11.1%, and 4.6%, respectively. Myopia rates from different family types by the order (nuclear family, extended family, single-parent family, and left-behind family) are 60.0%, 52.0%, 54.7%, and 50.9% taking on a decreasing trend, which shows an opposite trend comparing with elevated blood pressure, dental caries, and obesity. The interaction effect of the family type and region, physical examination, lifestyle (including diet habits, near work, outdoor activities, and sleep), and types of lamps and whether scolded by parents can have a significant impact on myopia. For primary school students (grade: 1-5), the prevalence of myopia in the nuclear family was a bit higher than that of myopia in the left-behind family, but for children in junior and senior high schools, both prevalences stayed similar.ConclusionsIn this study, education pressure and time outdoors are still at play, and this kind of effect shows different phenomena in different families. Therefore, previous interventions would still work, and then the most critical challenge would be to ensure that left-behind children completed more schooling.
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Project description:ImportanceParental myopia is an important risk factor for preschool myopia in Asian children. Further investigation of the association between parental myopia and early-onset myopia risk in other racial/ethnic groups, such as African American and Hispanic white children, could improve understanding of the etiology and treatment of this condition.ObjectiveTo investigate the association of parental myopia with refractive error and ocular biometry in multiethnic children aged 6 to 72 months.Design, setting, and participantsThis cohort study pooled data from children in 3 population-based studies with comparable design from the US, Singapore, and Australia. Parental myopia was defined as the use of glasses or contact lenses for distance viewing by the child's biological parent(s). Multivariable regressions were conducted to assess the association of parental myopia. Data were collected from 2003 to 2011 and analyzed from 2017 to 2019.Main outcomes and measuresCycloplegic refraction and prevalence of myopia (spherical equivalent refractive error of≤-0.5 diopters [D]) in the more myopic eye.ResultsThe analysis cohort included 9793 children, including 4003 Asian, 2201 African American, 1998 Hispanic white, and 1591 non-Hispanic white participants (5106 boys [52.1%]; mean [SD] age, 40.0 [18.9] months). Compared with children without parental myopia, the odds ratios for early-onset myopia were 1.42 (95% CI, 1.20-1.68) for children with 1 parent with myopia, 2.70 (95% CI, 2.19-3.33) for children with 2 parents with myopia, and 3.39 (95% CI, 1.99-5.78) for children with 2 parents with childhood-onset myopia. Even among children without myopia, parental myopia was associated with a greater ratio of axial length to corneal curvature radius (regression coefficient for myopia in both parents, 0.023; P < .001) and more myopic refractive error (regression coefficient for myopia in both parents, -0.20 D; P < .001). Effects of parental myopia were observed in all 4 racial/ethnic groups and across age groups except those younger than 1 year. However, parental myopia was not associated with the age-related trends of refractive error (regression coefficient for children without parental myopeia, 0.08; for children with 2 parents with myopia, 0.04; P = .31 for interaction) and ratio of axial length to corneal curvature radius (regression coefficient for children without parental myopeia, 0.031; for children with 2 parents with myopia, 0.032; P = .89 for interaction) beyond infancy.Conclusions and relevanceParental myopia, especially childhood-onset parental myopia, was associated with a greater risk of early-onset myopia in Asian, Hispanic, non-Hispanic white, and African American children. The observed associations of parental myopia in children as early as 1 year of age and in children without myopia suggests that genetic susceptibility may play a more important role in early-onset myopia and that parental myopia may contribute to myopia in children by setting up a more myopic baseline before school age.
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Project description:PurposeSince high myopia in the younger generation may differ etiologically from high myopia in older generations, we examined whether education-related parameters differ between high myopia in today´s school children and high pathological myopia in today´s elderly generation.MethodsThe investigation included the adult populations of the population-based Beijing Eye Study (BES) (3468 adults;mean age:64.6±9.8years;range:50-93years) and Central India Eye and Medical Study (CIEMS) (4711 adults;age:49.±13.2years;range:30-100years), and the children and teenager populations of the Shandong Children Eye Study (SCES) (6026 children;age:9.7±3.3years;range:4-18years;cycloplegic refractometry), Gobi Desert Children Eye Study (1565;age:11.9±3.5years;range:6-21 years;cycloplegic refractometry), Beijing Pediatric Eye Study (681 children;age:7.7±1.6years;range:5-13 years;non-cycloplegic refractometry,calculation of axial length to corneal curvature radius ratio), Beijing Children Eye Study (15066 children;age:13.2±3.4years;range:7-18years;non-cycloplegic refractometry), Beijing High School Teenager Eye Study (4677 children;age:16.9±0.7years;range:16-18years;non-cycloplegic refractometry).ResultsIn the BES and CIEMS, educational level did not differ significantly between, or was significantly lower in the highly myopic group (myopic refractive error ≥6 diopters) than in the non-highly myopic group. In all non-adult study populations, higher prevalence of high myopia was significantly associated with higher degree of education related parameters such as attendance of high-level schools, and more time spent for indoors near work versus time spent outdoors.ConclusionsComparing associations of old or genetic high myopia in adults with new or acquired high myopia in school children revealed that education-related parameters did not show a clear association with old or genetic high myopia, while in contrast, new high myopia showed strong associations with education. It confirms previous studies that the two forms of high myopia not only differed in age of onset, but also in associations with education as well. The data support the notion of two types of high myopia. Future studies may assess whether the risk of pathologic myopic maculopathy and high myopia associated open-angle glaucoma differs between both types of high myopia.
| S-EPMC4859491 | biostudies-literature