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Different age-related impacts of lean and obesity on cardiovascular prognosis in Japanese patients with cardiovascular risks: The J-HOP (Japan Morning Surge-Home Blood Pressure) Study.

ABSTRACT: The relationship between lean and cardiovascular events has been shown to vary with age, but the relationship between age-related lean and cardiovascular events in Asia has not been established. We divided patients enrolled in the J-HOP (Japan Morning Surge-Home Blood Pressure) study with one or more cardiovascular disease risks into three groups based on their body mass index (BMI): lean (BMI < 21), normal-weight (21 ≤ BMI <27), and obese (BMI ≥ 27). We stratified the risk of cardiovascular events of lean and obesity compared to normal weight into the patients < 65 years old and those aged ≥ 65 years. A total of 286 cardiovascular disease events were observed during the follow-up period (73 ± 46 months). Regarding the relationship between BMI and cardiovascular disease risk, both lean and obesity were independent prognostic factors: lean: hazard ratio (HR) 1.43, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.02-2.01, p = .040; obesity: HR 1.55, 95%CI: 1.13-2.12, p = .006. In patients < 65 years old, the risk of cardiovascular disease of the lean patients was lower than that of the normal-weight patients (HR 0.39, 95%CI: 0.12-1.29, p = .124) and the risk of obesity patients was significantly higher (HR 1.77, 95%CI: 1.08-2.92, p = .024). In the patients aged ≥ 65 years, lean was a significant independent factor of cardiovascular events compared to normal-weight (lean: HR 1.70, 95%CI: 1.18-2.47, p = .005). In conclusion, lean was an independent predictor of cardiovascular events in patients aged ≥ 65 years.

SUBMITTER: Toriumi S

PROVIDER: S-EPMC8029821 | biostudies-literature |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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The Combination of Non-dipper Heart Rate and High Brain Natriuretic Peptide Predicts Cardiovascular Events: The Japan Morning Surge-Home Blood Pressure (J-HOP) Study.

Project description:BACKGROUND:We hypothesized that the association between the dipping heart rate (HR) pattern and cardiovascular (CV) events differs according to the brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) level. METHODS:We examined a subgroup of 1,369 patients from the Japan Morning Surge Home Blood Pressure study; these were patients who had CV risk factors and had undergone ambulatory blood pressure (BP) monitoring. HR non-dipping status was defined as (awake HR - sleep HR)/awake HR <0.1, and high BNP was defined as ?35 pg/ml. We divided the patients into four groups according to their HR dipper status (dipping or non-dipping) and BNP level (normal or high). RESULTS:The mean follow-up period was 60 ± 30 months. The primary endpoints were fatal/nonfatal CV events (myocardial infarction, angina pectoris, stroke, hospitalization for heart failure, and aortic dissection). During the follow-up period, 23 patients (2.8%) in the dipper HR with normal BNP group, 8 patients (4.4%) in the non-dipper HR with normal BNP group, 24 patients (9.5%) in the dipper HR with high-BNP group, and 25 patients (21.0%) in the non-dipper HR with high-BNP group suffered primary endpoints (log rank 78.8, P < 0.001). Non-dipper HR was revealed as an independent predictor of CV events (hazard ratio, 2.13; 95% confidence interval, 1.35-3.36; P = 0.001) after adjusting for age, gender and smoking, dyslipidemia, diabetes mellitus, chronic kidney disease, BNP, non-dipper BP, 24-h HR, and 24-h systolic blood pressure. CONCLUSIONS:The combination of non-dipper HR and higher BNP was associated with a higher incidence of CV events.

| S-EPMC7188797 | biostudies-literature

Sleep Blood Pressure Self-Measured at Home as a Novel Determinant of Organ Damage: Japan Morning Surge Home Blood Pressure (J-HOP) Study.

Project description:To study whether sleep blood pressure (BP) self-measured at home is associated with organ damage, the authors analyzed the data of 2562 participants in the J-HOP study who self-measured sleep BP using a home BP monitoring (HBPM) device, three times during sleep (2 am, 3 am, 4 am), as well as the home morning and evening BPs. The mean sleep home systolic BPs (SBPs) were all correlated with urinary albumin/creatinine ratio (UACR), left ventricular mass index (LVMI), brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV), maximum carotid intima-media thickness, and plasma N-terminal pro-hormone pro-brain-type natriuretic peptide (NTproBNP) (all P<.001). After controlling for clinic SBP and home morning and evening SBPs, associations of home sleep SBP with UACR, LVMI, and baPWV remained significant (all P<.008). Even in patients with home morning BP <135/85 mm Hg, 27% exhibited masked nocturnal hypertension with home sleep SBP ≥120 mm Hg and had higher UACR and NTproBNP. Masked nocturnal hypertension, which is associated with advanced organ damage, remains unrecognized by conventional HBPM.

| S-EPMC8031719 | biostudies-literature

Self-measured worksite blood pressure and its association with organ damage in working adults: Japan Morning Surge Home Blood Pressure (J-HOP) worksite study.

Project description:The effects of elevations in blood pressure (BP) on worksite stress as an out-of-office BP setting have been evaluated using ambulatory BP monitoring but not by self-measurement. Herein, we determined the profile of self-measured worksite BP in working adults and its association with organ damage in comparison with office BP and home BP measured by the same home BP monitoring device. A total of 103 prefectural government employees (age 45.3 ± 9.0 years, 77.7% male) self-measured their worksite BP at four timepoints (before starting work, before and after a lunch break, and before leaving the workplace) and home BP in the morning, evening, and nighttime (at 2, 3, and 4 a.m.) each day for 14 consecutive days. In the total group, the average worksite systolic BP (SBP) was significantly higher than the morning home SBP (129.1 ± 14.3 vs. 124.4 ± 16.4 mmHg, p = .026). No significant difference was observed among the four worksite SBP values. Although the average worksite BP was higher than the morning home BP in the study participants with office BP < 140/90 mmHg (SBP: 121.4 ± 9.4 vs. 115.1 ± 10.4 mmHg, p < .001, DBP: 76.0 ± 7.7 vs. 72.4 ± 8.4 mmHg, p = .013), this association was not observed in those with office BP ≥ 140/90 mmHg or those using antihypertensive medication. Worksite SBP was significantly correlated with the left ventricular mass index evaluated by echocardiography (r = 0.516, p < .0001). The self-measurement of worksite BP would be useful to unveil the risk of hypertension in working adults who show normal office and home BP.

| S-EPMC8029969 | biostudies-literature

Early morning-Best time window of hourly 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure in relation to hypertensive organ damage: The Japan Morning Surge-Home Blood Pressure study.

Project description:The correlations between organ damage and hourly ambulatory blood pressure (BP) have not been established. The patients were 1464 participants of the Japan Morning Surge-Home Blood Pressure (J-HOP) study participants who underwent ambulatory BP monitoring. The hourly systolic BP (SBP) at x o'clock was defined as the average of SBP values measured at times x - 30 minutes, x, and x + 30 minutes. The mean age was 64.8 ± 11.6 years. The percentage of male participants was 47.8%. The left ventricular mass index (LVMI) was significantly associated with SBP at 6 o'clock (r = 0.166, P < 0.001). The carotid intima-media thickness was significantly associated with SBP at 5 o'clock (r = 0.196, P < 0.001). After adjustment for age, sex, smoking, hyperlipidemia, diabetes mellitus, antihypertensive drug use, clinic SBP, and 24-hour ambulatory SBP, the correlations of the LVMI and hourly SBP at 6 o'clock remained significant (beta coefficient = 0.125, P < 0.01). In conclusion, morning ambulatory systolic BP especially at 5 and 6 o'clock was independently associated with organ damage.

| S-EPMC8030499 | biostudies-literature

Winter morning surge in blood pressure after the Great East Japan Earthquake.

Project description:This study investigated the association between winter morning surge in systolic blood pressure (SBP) as measured by ambulatory BP monitoring and the housing conditions of subjects in an area damaged by the Great East Japan Earthquake. In 2013, 2 years after disaster, hypertensives who lived in homes that they had purchased before the disaster (n = 299, 74.6 ± 8.1 years) showed significant winter morning surge in SBP (+5.0 ± 20.8 mmHg, P < 0.001), while those who lived in temporary housing (n = 113, 76.2 ± 7.6 years) did not. When we divided the winter morning surge in SBP into quintiles, the factors of age ≥75 years and occupant-owned housing were significant determinants for the highest quintile (≥20 mmHg) after adjustment for covariates. The hypertensives aged ≥75 years who lived in their own homes showed a significant risk for the highest quintile (odds ratio 5.21, 95% confidence interval 1.49-18.22, P = 0.010). It is thus crucial to prepare suitable housing conditions for elderly hypertensives following a disaster.

| S-EPMC8030611 | biostudies-literature

Association of lower nighttime diastolic blood pressure and hypoxia with silent myocardial injury: The Japan Morning Surge-Home Blood Pressure study.

Project description:Whether marked nocturnal blood pressure (BP) reduction is associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD) is still controversial. In addition, no report has yet discussed the relationship between lower nocturnal BP and CVD, involving modification by nighttime hypoxia. We evaluated 840 patients who had one or more cardiovascular risk factors by measuring their high-sensitivity cardiac troponin T (Hs-cTnT), N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-pro BNP), and nighttime saturation levels and performing ambulatory BP monitoring. The lowest tertile in nighttime diastolic BP (DBP) (≤66 mmHg) had increased likelihood of the presence of ≥0.014 ng/ml of Hs-cTnT compared with the second tertile (odds ratio [OR] 1.91, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.01-3.63), and the lowest tertile of minimum blood oxygen saturation (≤81%) had increased likelihood of the presence of ≥0.014 ng/ml of Hs-cTnT compared with the third tertile (OR 2.15, 95% CI 1.13-4.10). Additionally, the patients with both lowest tertile of nighttime DBP and minimum SpO2 showed increased likelihood of the presence of ≥0.014 ng/ml of Hs-cTnT compared with those without this combination (OR 2.93, 95% CI 1.40-6.16). On the other hand, these associations were not found in the presence of ≥125 pg/ml of NT-pro BNP. In the clinical population, each of lower nocturnal DBP and nighttime hypoxia was associated with asymptomatic myocardial injury, which was represented as higher Hs-cTnT, and coexisting lower nocturnal DBP and nighttime hypoxia had an additive effect on the risk of myocardial injury.

| S-EPMC8029661 | biostudies-literature

Clinical implications of the change in glomerular filtration rate with adrenergic blockers in patients with morning hypertension: the Japan morning surge-1 study.

Project description:Background. The aim of this study was to clarify the relationship between the change in estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and urinary albumin by antihypertensive treatment. Methods. We randomized 611 treated patients with morning hypertension into either an added treatment group, for whom doxazosin was added to the current medication, or a control group, who continued their current medications. We compared the change in eGFR and urinary albumin creatinine ratio (UACR) between the groups. Results. The extent of the reduction in eGFR was significantly greater in the added treatment group than in the control group (-3.83? versus -1.08?mL/min/1.73?m(2), P = 0.001). In multivariable analyses, the change in eGFR was positively associated with the change in UACR in the added treatment group (? = 0.20, P = 0.001), but not in the control group (? = -0.002, P = 0.97). When the changes in eGFR were divided by each CKD stage, eGFR was significantly more decreased in stage 1 than in the other stages in the added treatment group (P < 0.001), but no differences were seen in the control group (P = 0.44). Conclusion. The reduction of eGFR could be seen only in the early stage of CKD, and this treatment appeared to have no negative effect on renal function.

| S-EPMC3864142 | biostudies-literature

Morning Blood Pressure Surge and Cardiovascular Disease Events and All-Cause Mortality in Blacks: The Jackson Heart Study.

Project description:The cardiovascular disease (CVD) and mortality risk associated with morning blood pressure (BP) surge and its components among black adults, a population with high BP during the asleep period, is unknown. We studied Jackson Heart Study participants who completed 24-hour ambulatory BP monitoring at the baseline exam in 2000 to 2004 (n=761). The sleep-trough morning surge was calculated as the mean 2-hour postawakening systolic BP (SBP) minus the lowest nighttime SBP, preawakening morning surge as mean 2-hour postawakening SBP minus mean 2-hour preawakening SBP, and rising morning surge as the first postawakening SBP minus the last preawakening SBP. The primary outcome was the occurrence of CVD events including the composite of coronary heart disease or stroke. Over a median follow-up of 14.0 years, there were 74 CVD (coronary heart disease or stroke) events and 144 deaths. Higher tertiles of sleep-trough, preawakening, and rising SBP surge were not associated with CVD risk after multivariable adjustment. In contrast, the highest tertile of the individual components of morning surge, including postawakening SBP (tertiles 2 and 3 versus 1: hazard ratio [95% CI]: 1.58 [0.71-3.53] and 4.04 [1.91-8.52], respectively), lowest nighttime SBP (1.29 [0.59-2.84] and 2.87 [1.41-5.83]), preawakening SBP (1.26 [0.57-2.80] and 2.79 [1.32-5.93]), first postawakening SBP (1.60 [0.73-3.51] and 2.93 [1.40-6.16]), and last preawakening SBP (1.23 [0.57-2.68] and 2.99 [1.46-6.12]), was associated with increased CVD risk after multivariable adjustment. Among black adults, the components of morning SBP surge, but not morning SBP surge itself, were associated with increased CVD risk.

| S-EPMC7035156 | biostudies-literature

Comparative effects of valsartan plus either cilnidipine or hydrochlorothiazide on home morning blood pressure surge evaluated by information and communication technology-based nocturnal home blood pressure monitoring.

Project description:The authors tested the hypothesis that a valsartan/cilnidipine combination would suppress the home morning blood pressure (BP) surge (HMBPS) more effectively than a valsartan/hydrochlorothiazide combination in patients with morning hypertension, defined as systolic BP (SBP) ≥135 mm Hg or diastolic BP ≥85 mm Hg assessed by a self-measuring information and communication technology-based home BP monitoring device more than three times before either combination's administration. This was an 8-week prospective, multicenter, randomized, open-label clinical trial. The HMBPS, which is a new index, was defined as the mean morning SBP minus the mean nocturnal SBP, both measured on the same day. The authors randomly allocated 129 patients to the valsartan/cilnidipine (63 patients; mean 68.4 years) or valsartan/hydrochlorothiazide (66 patients; mean 67.3 years) combination groups, and the baseline HMBPS values were 17.4 mm Hg vs 16.9 mm Hg, respectively (P = .820). At the end of the treatment period, the changes in nocturnal SBP and morning SBP from baseline were significant in both the valsartan/cilnidipine and valsartan/hydrochlorothiazide groups (P < .001): -5.0 vs -10.0 mm Hg (P = .035) and -10.7 vs -13.6 mm Hg (P = .142), respectively. HMBPS was significantly decreased from baseline in both groups (P < .001), but there was no significant difference between the two groups: 14.4 mm Hg vs 14.0 mm Hg, respectively (P = .892). Valsartan/cilnidipine could not significantly suppress HMBPS compared with valsartan/hydrochlorothiazide. Large-scale randomized controlled studies are needed to assess how reducing HMBPS will affect future cardiovascular outcomes. The information and communication technology-based home BP monitoring device may become an alternative to ambulatory BP monitoring, which has been a gold standard to measure nocturnal BP and the morning BP surge.

| S-EPMC8030821 | biostudies-literature

Prognostic Utility of Morning Blood Pressure Surge for 20-Year All-Cause and Cardiovascular Mortalities: Results of a Community-Based Study.

Project description:Morning blood pressure (BP) surge (MS), defined by the MS amplitude, is an independent prognostic factor of cardiovascular outcomes in some, but not all, populations. We enrolled 2020 participants (1029 men; aged 30-79 years) with 24-hour ambulatory BP data. During a median 19.7-year follow-up, 607 deaths (182 by cardiovascular causes) were confirmed from the National Death Registry. The amplitude of sleep-trough MS (STMS) was derived from the difference between morning systolic BP (SBP) and lowest nighttime SBP. The rate of STMS was derived as the slope of linear regression of sequential SBP measures on time intervals within the STMS period. Thresholds for high STMS amplitude and rate were determined by the 95th percentiles (43.7 mm Hg and 11.3 mm Hg/h, respectively). Multivariable Cox models, adjusting for age, sex, body mass index, smoking, alcohol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, 24-hour SBP, night:day SBP ratio, and antihypertensive treatment, revealed that a high STMS rate (hazard ratio, 1.666; 95% confidence interval, 1.185-2.341), but not STMS amplitude (hazard ratio, 1.245; 95% confidence interval, 0.984-1.843), was significantly associated with a greater mortality risk. Similarly, STMS rate (hazard ratio, 2.608; 95% confidence interval, 1.554-4.375), but not STMS amplitude, was significantly associated with the risk of cardiovascular mortality (hazard ratio, 0.966; 95% confidence interval, 0.535-1.747). Moreover, the prognostic values of STMS rate were comparable in subjects with or without morning and nocturnal hypertension (P>0.05 for interaction for all). In simulation studies, STMS rate was less susceptible to measurement errors of the sleep-trough SBP than STMS amplitude. STMS rate could independently help identify subjects with an increased cardiovascular risk.

| S-EPMC5779060 | biostudies-literature

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