Salt intake and blood pressure response to percutaneous renal denervation in resistant hypertension.
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ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: de Beus E
PROVIDER: S-EPMC8030930 | biostudies-literature |
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
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Project description:Single-electrode ablation of the main renal artery for renal sympathetic denervation showed mixed blood pressure (BP)-lowering effects. Further improvement of the technique seems crucial to optimize effectiveness of the procedure. Because sympathetic nerve fibers are closer to the lumen in the distal part of the renal artery, treatment of the distal main artery and its branches has been shown to reduce variability in treatment effects in preclinical studies and a recent randomized trial. Whether this optimized technique improves clinical outcomes remains uncertain. We report a 2-center experience of main renal artery and combined main renal artery plus branches renal denervation in patients with resistant hypertension using a multielectrode catheter. Twenty-five patients with therapy-resistant hypertension underwent renal sympathetic denervation with combined main renal artery and renal branch ablation and were compared to matched controls undergoing an ablation of the main renal artery only. BP change was assessed by ambulatory measurement at baseline and after 3 months. At baseline, BP was balanced between the groups. After 3 months, BP changed significantly in the combined ablation group (systolic/diastolic 24-hour mean and daytime mean BP -8.5±9.8/-7.0±10.7 and -9.4±9.8/-7.1±13.5 mm Hg, P<0.001/0.003 and <0.001/0.016, respectively), but not in patients with main artery treatment (-3.5±11.1/-2.0±7.6 and -2.8±10.9/-1.8±7.7 mm Hg, P=0.19/0.20 and 0.19/0.24, respectively). Systolic daytime BP was significantly more reduced in patients with combined ablation than in patients with main artery ablation (P=0.033). Combined ablation of the main renal artery and branches appears to improve BP-lowering efficacy and should be further investigated.
| S-EPMC5586457 | biostudies-literature
Project description:ObjectiveThe objective of this study is to evaluate the efficacy and safety of renal denervation in patients with resistant hypertension.MethodsWe searched MEDLINE and EMBASE for studies that evaluated the use of catheter-based renal sympathetic denervation compared to a control group and reported blood pressure results at follow-up. Data was extracted from relevant studies and pooled estimates for blood pressure were determined using the inverse variance method for meta-analysis with mean difference.ResultsWe identified 12 studies (three randomised controlled trials (n=688), eight prospective observational studies (n=478) and one observational study with matched controls (n=310)). Data from SYMPLICITY HTN-3, the only high-quality blinded randomised control trial suggests that there is no significant difference in change in systolic (-2.30 95% CI -6.90 to 2.30 mm Hg) or diastolic (-1.96 95% CI -4.98 to 1.06 mm Hg) blood pressure at 6 months. The pooled data from two unblinded trials of lower quality showed significant reduction in change in systolic (-27.36 95% CI -37.08 to -24.61 mm Hg) and diastolic blood pressure (-9.62 95% CI -14.51 to -4.72 mm Hg). In terms of safety, SYMPLICITY HTN-3 found no significant differences between treatment and control group in terms of death, myocardial infarction, new onset renal disease, stroke and hypertensive emergencies.ConclusionsIn conclusion, while poor quality unblinded studies provide evidence that renal denervation using catheter-based systems is effective in reducing systolic and diastolic blood pressure in resistant hypertension, the largest randomised controlled trial to date (SYMPLICITY HTN-3) failed to demonstrate any benefit.
| S-EPMC4189337 | biostudies-literature
Project description: Not available
| S-EPMC8607757 | biostudies-literature
Project description: Not available
| S-EPMC6464209 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundWhether renal denervation (RDN) in patients with resistant hypertension normalizes blood pressure (BP) regulation in response to routine cardiovascular stimuli such as upright posture is unknown. We conducted an integrative study of BP regulation in patients with resistant hypertension who had received RDN to characterize autonomic circulatory control.MethodsTwelve patients (60 ± 9 [SD] years, n = 10 males) who participated in the Symplicity HTN-3 trial were studied and compared to 2 age-matched normotensive (Norm) and hypertensive (unmedicated, HTN) control groups. BP, heart rate (HR), cardiac output (Qc), muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA), and neurohormonal variables were measured supine, and 30° (5 minutes) and 60° (20 minutes) head-up-tilt (HUT). Total peripheral resistance (TPR) was calculated from mean arterial pressure and Qc.ResultsDespite treatment with RDN and 4.8 (range, 3-7) antihypertensive medications, the RDN had significantly higher supine systolic BP compared to Norm and HTN (149 ± 15 vs. 118 ± 6, 108 ± 8 mm Hg, P < 0.001). When supine, RDN had higher HR, TPR, MSNA, plasma norepinephrine, and effective arterial elastance compared to Norm. Plasma norepinephrine, Qc, and HR were also higher in the RDN vs. HTN. During HUT, BP remained higher in the RDN, due to increases in Qc, plasma norepinephrine, and aldosterone.ConclusionWe provide evidence of a possible mechanism by which BP remains elevated post RDN, with the observation of increased Qc and arterial stiffness, as well as plasma norepinephrine and aldosterone levels at approximately 2 years post treatment. These findings may be the consequence of incomplete ablation of sympathetic renal nerves or be related to other factors.
| S-EPMC5861553 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundAccurately selecting hypertensive candidates for renal denervation (RDN) therapy is required, as one-third of patients who undergo RDN are non-responders. We aimed to systematically review the literature on RDN response prediction using arterial stiffness assessment, optimizing the selection of patients referred for interventional blood pressure lowering procedures.MethodsA literature search was performed in MEDLINE, Embase, Scopus, and Cochrane databases to retrieve potential eligible studies from the inception to 30 June 2022.ResultsTen studies were finally included in this systematic review. Studies consistently documented that invasive pulse wave velocity (PWV) was correlated with RDN's significant success. Nevertheless, non-invasive ambulatory arterial stiffness index and PWV derived from ambulatory blood pressure monitoring were independent predictors of blood pressure response (p = 0.04 and p < 0.0001). In some studies, magnetic resonance imaging parameters of arterial stiffness (ascending aortic distensibility, total arterial compliance) were correlated with blood pressure reduction (AUC = 0.828, p = 0.006).ConclusionsAssessing arterial stiffness prior to RDN predicted procedural success, since stiffness parameters were strongly correlated with a significant blood pressure response. Our endeavor should be tackled as a step forward in selecting appropriate hypertensive patients scheduled for RDN therapy. Non-invasive measurements could be an alternative to invasive parameters for response prediction.
| S-EPMC9410368 | biostudies-literature
Project description:ObjectivePeroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α agonists reduce blood pressure in rodents, but clinical trials provide conflicting data regarding their effects in humans. We tested the hypothesis that the effect of fenofibrate on blood pressure depends on salt sensitivity.MethodsThirty-one hypertensive volunteers (17 salt-resistant, 14 salt-sensitive) completed a randomized, crossover, double-blind protocol with three dietary phases: low salt diet (10 mmol/day) followed by two consecutive high salt diets (200 mmol/day), each for 6 days. During high salt, volunteers were randomized to fenofibrate 160 mg/day or placebo. Hemodynamic and metabolic parameters were measured on the last morning of each treatment arm.ResultsFenofibrate reduced triglycerides similarly in salt-sensitive and salt-resistant volunteers. Fenofibrate did not affect blood pressure in salt-resistant volunteers. In salt-sensitive volunteers, fenofibrate significantly decreased diastolic (P = 0.02 versus placebo) and mean arterial (P = 0.04 versus placebo) blood pressure during high salt. In all volunteers, the decrease in systolic pressure during fenofibrate correlated inversely with the salt sensitivity of mean arterial pressure as a continuous variable. Fenofibrate significantly decreased heart rate, plasma renin activity, and renal vascular resistance during high salt in salt-sensitive volunteers, but not salt-resistant volunteers. Fenofibrate did not affect sodium excretion or weight gain during high salt. The effect of salt intake and fenofibrate on plasma and urine epoxyeicosatrienoic acid concentrations differed in salt-resistant and salt-sensitive volunteers.ConclusionFenofibrate reduces blood pressure, heart rate and renal vasoconstriction in salt-sensitive volunteers, but not in salt-resistant volunteers. These findings have implications for the treatment of hyperlipidemia in hypertensive individuals.
| S-EPMC3800119 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Arterial hypertension is the most prevalent risk factor associated with increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Although pharmacological treatment is generally well tolerated, 5%-20% of patients with hypertension are resistant to medical therapy, which is defined as blood pressure above goal (>140/90 mmHg in general; >130-139/80-85 mmHg in patients with diabetes mellitus; >130/80 mmHg in patients with chronic kidney disease) despite treatment with ?3 antihypertensive drugs of different classes, including a diuretic, at optimal doses. These patients are at significantly higher risk for cardiovascular events, in particular stroke, myocardial infarction, and heart failure, as compared with patients with nonresistant hypertension. The etiology of resistant hypertension is multifactorial and a number of risk factors have been identified. In addition, resistant hypertension might be due to secondary causes such as primary aldosteronism, chronic kidney disease, renal artery stenosis, or obstructive sleep apnea. To identify patients with resistant hypertension, the following must be excluded: pseudo-resistance, which might be due to nonadherence to medical treatment; white-coat effect; and inaccurate measurement technique. Activation of the sympathetic nervous system contributes to the development and maintenance of hypertension by increasing renal renin release, decreasing renal blood flow, and enhancing tubular sodium retention. Catheter-based renal denervation (RDN) is a novel technique specifically targeting renal sympathetic nerves. Clinical trials have demonstrated that RDN significantly reduces blood pressure in patients with resistant hypertension. Experimental studies and small clinical studies indicate that RDN might also have beneficial effects in other diseases and comorbidities, characterized by increased sympathetic activity, such as left ventricular hypertrophy, heart failure, metabolic syndrome and hyperinsulinemia, atrial fibrillation, obstructive sleep apnea, and chronic kidney disease. Further controlled studies are required to investigate the role of RDN beyond blood pressure control.
| S-EPMC3791632 | biostudies-other
Project description:BackgroundRecent trials support the efficacy of renal sympathetic denervation (RDN) to reduce blood pressure (BP). Nevertheless, about one third of patients are considered non-responders to RDN. Previous retrospective analyses suggest arterial stiffness could predict BP response to RDN.AimsWe prospectively assessed the potential of invasive pulse wave velocity (iPWV) to predict BP response to RDN. Additionally, we aimed to establish non-invasive models based on arterial stiffness to predict BP response to RDN.Methods iPWV, magnetic resonance imaging-based markers of arterial stiffness and the carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity were recorded prior to RDN in patients with treatment resistant hypertension. Changes in daytime BP after 3 months were analysed according to the prespecified iPWV cut-off (14.4 m/s). Regression analyses were used to establish models for non-invasive prediction of BP response. Results were compared to iPWV as reference and were then validated in an external patient cohort.ResultsEighty patients underwent stiffness assessment before RDN. After 3 months, systolic 24h and daytime BP were reduced by 13.6±9.8 mmHg and 14.7±10.6 mmHg in patients with low iPWV, versus 6.2±13.3 mmHg and 6.3±12.8 mmHg in those with high iPWV (p<0.001 for both). Upon regression analysis, logarithmic ascending aortic distensibility and systolic baseline BP independently predicted BP change at follow-up. Both were confirmed in the validation cohort.Conclusions iPWV is an independent predictor for BP response after RDN. In addition, BP change prediction following RDN using non-invasive measures is feasible. This could facilitate patient selection for RDN treatment.
| S-EPMC10241279 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Arterial hypertension (HTN) is a major health problem worldwide. Treatment-resistant hypertension (trHTN) is defined as the failure to achieve target blood pressure despite the concomitant use of maximally tolerated doses of three different antihypertensive medications, including a diuretic. trHTN is associated with considerable morbidity and mortality. Renal sympathetic denervation (RDn) is available and implemented abroad as a strategy for the treatment of trHTN and is currently under clinical investigation in the United States. Selective renal sympathectomy via an endovascular approach effectively decreases renal sympathetic nerve hyperactivity leading to a decrease in blood pressure. The Symplicity catheter, currently under investigation in the United States, is a 6-French compatible system advanced under fluoroscopic guidance via percutaneous access of the common femoral artery to the distal lumen of each of the main renal arteries. Radiofrequency (RF) energy is then applied to the endoluminal surface of the renal arteries via an electrode located at the tip of the catheter. Two clinical trials (Symplicity HTN 1 and Symplicity HTN 2) have shown the efficacy of RDn with a post-procedure decline of 27/17 mmHg at 12 months and 32/12 mmHg at 6 months, respectively, with few minor adverse events. Symplicity HTN-3 study is a, multi-center, prospective, single-blind, randomized, controlled study currently under way and will provide further insights about the safety and efficacy of renal denervation in patients with trHTN.
| S-EPMC4257026 | biostudies-other