Preparing Biochars from Cow Hair Waste Produced in a Tannery for Dye Wastewater Treatment.
Ontology highlight
ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Song J
PROVIDER: S-EPMC8036782 | biostudies-literature |
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
Similar Datasets
Project description:Biocatalysis based effluent treatment has outclassed the presently favored physico-chemical treatments due to nil sludge production and monetary savings. Azo dyes are commonly employed in the leather industry and pose a great threat to the environment. Here, we show the degradation of C. I. Acid blue 113 using horseradish peroxidase (HRP) assisted with H2O2 as a co-substrate. It was observed that 0.08 U HRP can degrade 3 mL of 30 mg/L dye up to 80% within 45 min with the assistance of 14 μL of H2O2 at pH 6.6 and 30°C. The feasibility of using the immobilized HRP for dye degradation was also examined and the results show up to 76% dye degradation under similar conditions to that of free HRP with the exception of longer contact time of 240 min. Recycling studies reveal that the immobilized HRP can be recycled up to 3 times for dye degradation. Kinetics drawn for the free HRP catalyzed reaction marked a lower K m and higher V max values, which denotes a proper and faster affinity of the enzyme towards the dye, when compared to the immobilized HRP. The applicability of HRP for treating the actual tannery dye-house wastewater was also demonstrated.
| S-EPMC3736071 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BACKGROUND: High salinity (1-10% w/v) of tannery wastewater makes it difficult to be treated by conventional biological treatment. Salt tolerant microbes can adapt to these saline conditions and degrade the organics in saline wastewater. RESULTS: Four salt tolerant bacterial strains isolated from marine and tannery saline wastewater samples were identified as Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacillus flexus, Exiguobacterium homiense and Staphylococcus aureus. Growth factors of the identified strains were optimized. Tannery saline wastewater obtained from a Common Effluent Treatment Plant (CETP) near Chennai (southern India) was treated with pure and mixed consortia of four salt tolerant bacterial strains. Experiments with optimized conditions and varying salt content (between 2 and 10% (w/v) were conducted. Salt inhibition effects on COD removal rate were noted. Comparative analysis was made by treating the tannery saline wastewater with activated sludge obtained from CETP and with natural habitat microbes present in raw tannery saline wastewater. CONCLUSION: Salt tolerant bacterial mixed consortia showed appreciable biodegradation at all saline concentrations (2%, 4%, 6%, 8% and 10% w/v) with 80% COD reduction in particular at 8% salinity level the consortia could be used as suitable working cultures for tannery saline wastewater treatment.
| S-EPMC2397378 | biostudies-other
Project description:Each year about 7.6 million tons of waste glasses are landfilled without recycling, reclaiming or upcycling. Herein we have developed a solvent free upcycling method for recycled glass waste (RG) by remanufacturing it into porous recycled glass microspheres (PRGMs) with a view to explore removal of organic pollutants such as organic dyes. PRGMs were prepared via flame spheroidisation process and characterised using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) and Mercury Intrusion Porosimetry (MIP) analysis. PRGMs exhibited 69% porosity with overall pore volume and pore area of 0.84 cm3/g and 8.6 cm2/g, respectively (from MIP) and a surface area of 8 m2/g. Acid red 88 (AR88) and Methylene blue (MB) were explored as a model source of pollutants. Results showed that removal of AR88 and MB by PRGMs was influenced by pH of the dye solution, PRGMs doses, and dye concentrations. From the batch process experiments, adsorption and coagulation processes were observed for AR88 dye whilst MB dye removal was attributed only to adsorption process. The maximum monolayer adsorption capacity (qe) recorded for AR88, and MB were 78 mg/g and 20 mg/g, respectively. XPS and FTIR studies further confirmed that the adsorption process was due to electrostatic interaction and hydrogen bond formation. Furthermore, dye removal capacity of the PRGMs was also investigated for column adsorption process experiments. Based on the Thomas model, the calculated adsorption capacities at flow rates of 2.2 mL/min and 0.5 mL/min were 250 mg/g and 231 mg/g, respectively which were much higher than the batch scale Langmuir monolayer adsorption capacity (qe) values. It is suggested that a synergistic effect of adsorption/coagulation followed by filtration processes was responsible for the higher adsorption capacities observed from the column adsorption studies. This study also demonstrated that PRGMs produced from recycled glass waste could directly be applied to the next cyclic experiment with similar dye removal capability. Thus, highlighting the circular economy scope of using waste inorganic materials for alternate applications such as pre-screening materials in wastewater treatment applications.
| S-EPMC9457513 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Biochar, the product of biomass pyrolysis, has been explored as a soil amendment and carbon capture vessel. Recent literature has aligned biochar as a novel sorbent for a host of environmental contaminants. Through the variation of pyrolysis conditions, biochars can be engineered to have qualities desirable in sorbents whilst maintaining their agronomic benefits. This study focuses on identifying the effects that feedstock type and process temperature have on biochar characteristics which may in turn shed light on their potential environmental applications. Using this approach, six biochars were created from two waste biomasses. The biochars exhibited wide ranges of pH (5.6-11.1), surface area (16.2-397.4 m2/g), electrical conductivity (19-2,826 µS/cm), fixed carbon (72-97%), heavy metal and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Statistically significant trends (P < 0.05) in biochar characteristics dependent upon increasing pyrolysis temperature and feedstock type were identified. Arsenic (>13 mg/kg), chromium (>93 mg/kg), copper (>143 mg/kg) and PAH (>6 mg/kg) concentrations presented themselves as obstacles to land application in a small number of biochars with respects to International Biochar Initiative (IBI) guidelines. However, it was demonstrated that these could be eliminated through employing pyrolysis processes which encompass higher temperatures (>500 °C) and ensuring the use of contaminant-free feedstocks. The variation in surface areas, carbonized fractions and surface functional groups achieved suggest that using the correct feedstock and process, biochar could be produced in Victoria (Australia) from common organic waste streams to the ends of acting as a sorbent, soil enhancer, and a waste management strategy.
| S-EPMC6472468 | biostudies-literature
Project description:The pollution caused by tannery wastewater containing high concentrations of trivalent chromium ions [Cr(iii)] and organic dyes has severely restricted the sustainable development of the leather industry. To address this problem, a three-dimensional (3D) porous graphene-based hydrogel with good mechanical strength and large surface area was fabricated by self-assembly of graphene oxide (GO) sheets reduced and modified by gallic acid (GA) through π-π interactions. As an adsorbent, this GA-functionalized graphene hydrogel (GA-GH) can effectively capture Cr(iii) by coordination complexation between Cr(iii) and deprotonated carboxylic groups of GA at pH ∼ 4.0. Moreover, GA-GH could be easily regenerated by desorption of adsorbed Cr(iii) at pH 2.0 and maintained its high adsorption capacity after multiple adsorption-desorption cycles, which was also helpful for reusing desorbed Cr(iii) as tanning agent. In addition, compared with a graphene hydrogel (GH) without modification by GA, adsorption capacity of GA-GH for organic dye was significantly improved due to the enhanced π-π interactions between the GA-GH and aromatic dyes.
| S-EPMC9070501 | biostudies-literature
Project description:A new sorbent material, barium sulfate-Direct Blending Yellow D-3RNL hybrid (BSD), was synthesized and characterized by various methods. Both the anionic dyes, Reactive Brilliant Red X-3B and Weak Acid Green GS were hardly adsorbed by the BSD material, while the sorption of Ethyl Violet (EV) and Victoria Blue B were extremely obvious. The sorption of cationic dyes obeyed the Langmuir isotherm model, which depended on the electric charge attraction. The saturation amount of EV adsorbed onto the BSD material approached to 39.36 mg/g. The sorption of EV changed little with pH from 3 to 12 while it increased with increasing levels of electrolyte. A dye wastewater sampled from Jinjiang Chemicals was treated, and the color removal rate was more than the COD removal rate. In addition, the cationic dye-BSD sludge was utilized as a colorant fill-in coating. The light stability and thermal stability of the colorant was measured and exhibited good features. This work provided a simple and eco-friendly method for dye wastewater treatment with recycling of waste.
| S-EPMC6268578 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Tanneries are an important industrial sector in Ethiopia; consequently, gaps in wastewater treatment process performance need to be identified as the country increases its emphasis on compliance. A case study was conducted to evaluate physicochemical and microbial water quality at a tannery near Addis Ababa. The treatment process was designed for the following: sulfide oxidation; biological oxygen demand reduction; and chromium removal. While some of Ethiopia's standards for industrial wastewater treatment were met through treatment, effluent COD, sulfide, total nitrogen, and total chromium guidelines were not. 16S rRNA gene analysis was used to evaluate the microbial community composition across the treatment train. The results show that common ruminant phyla were dominant throughout, with Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes comprising 77% to 82% relative abundance. The Firmicutes Clostridium increased consistently in relative abundance with treatment, comprising 39% to 61% of the total bacterial community in the effluent. Improved treatment is needed to meet environmental and public health goals. PRACTITIONER POINTS: Case Study of tannery wastewater treatment in Ethiopia shows ineffective treatment of chemical pollutants. Microbiological pollutants from tannery wastewater systems can introduce agents of importance to public health The microbiological composition of tannery influent, mixed liquor and effluent contains mostly four bacterial phyla lead by Firmicutes. Most pathogenic bacterial genera found in the tannery wastewater treatment system became a decreasing percentage of the total population. Clostridium comprises up to 61% of the effluent bacterial population and deserves further evaluation to better understand the consequences of its dominance.
| S-EPMC8246915 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Antibiotics are often used to prevent sickness and improve production in animal agriculture, and the residues in animal bodies may enter tannery wastewater during leather production. This study aimed to use Illumina high-throughput sequencing to investigate the occurrence, diversity and abundance of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) and mobile genetic elements (MGEs) in aerobic and anaerobic sludge of a full-scale tannery wastewater treatment plant (WWTP). Metagenomic analysis showed that Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes and Actinobacteria dominated in the WWTP, but the relative abundance of archaea in anaerobic sludge was higher than in aerobic sludge. Sequencing reads from aerobic and anaerobic sludge revealed differences in the abundance of functional genes between both microbial communities. Genes coding for antibiotic resistance were identified in both communities. BLAST analysis against Antibiotic Resistance Genes Database (ARDB) further revealed that aerobic and anaerobic sludge contained various ARGs with high abundance, among which sulfonamide resistance gene sul1 had the highest abundance, occupying over 20% of the total ARGs reads. Tetracycline resistance genes (tet) were highly rich in the anaerobic sludge, among which tet33 had the highest abundance, but was absent in aerobic sludge. Over 70 types of insertion sequences were detected in each sludge sample, and class 1 integrase genes were prevalent in the WWTP. The results highlighted prevalence of ARGs and MGEs in tannery WWTPs, which may deserve more public health concerns.
| S-EPMC3787945 | biostudies-literature
Project description:A systematic study integrating laboratory, analytical, and case study field trial was conducted to figure out the effective adsorbent that could be used for the removal of Congo red (CR) dye from industrial wastewater effluent. The ability of the zeolite (Z) to adsorb CR dye from aqueous solutions was evaluated after it was modified by the Cystoseira compressa algae (CC) (Egyptian marine algae). Zeolite, CC algae were combined together in order to form the new composite zeolite/algae composite (ZCC) using wet impregnation technique and then characterized by the aid of different techniques. A noticeable enhancement in the adsorption capacity of newly synthesized ZCC was observed if compared to Z and CC, particularly at low CR concentrations. The batch style experiment was selected to figure out the impact of various experimental conditions on the adsorption behavior of different adsorbents. Moreover, isotherms and kinetics were estimated. According to the experimental results, the newly synthesized ZCC composite might be applied optimistically as an adsorbent for eliminating anionic dye molecules from industrial wastewater at low dye concentration. The dye adsorption on Z and ZCC followed the Langmuir isotherm, while that of CC followed the Freundlich isotherm. The dye adsorption kinetics on ZCC, CC, and Z were agreed with Elovich, intra-particle, and pseudo-second-order kinetic models, correspondingly. Adsorption mechanisms were also assessed using Weber's intraparticle diffusion model. Finally, field tests showed that the newly synthesized sorbent has a 98.5% efficient in eliminating dyes from industrial wastewater, authorizing the foundation for a recent eco-friendly adsorbent that facilitate industrial wastewater reuse.
| S-EPMC10195818 | biostudies-literature