Functional Characterization of a Sugar Beet BvbHLH93 Transcription Factor in Salt Stress Tolerance.
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ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Wang Y
PROVIDER: S-EPMC8037259 | biostudies-literature |
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
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Project description:Salt stress can cause cellular dehydration, which induces oxidative stress by increasing the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in plants. They may play signaling roles and cause structural damages to the cells. To overcome the negative impacts, the plant ROS scavenging system plays a vital role in maintaining the cellular redox homeostasis. The special sugar beet apomictic monosomic additional M14 line (BvM14) showed strong salt stress tolerance. Comparative proteomics revealed that six antioxidant enzymes (glycolate oxidase (GOX), peroxiredoxin (PrxR), thioredoxin (Trx), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), monodehydroascorbate reductase (MDHAR), and dehydroascorbate reductase3 (DHAR3)) in BvM14 were responsive to salt stress. In this work, the full-length cDNAs of genes encoding these enzymes in the redox system were cloned from the BvM14. Ectopic expression of the six genes reduced the oxidative damage of transgenic plants by regulating the contents of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), malondialdehyde (MDA), ascorbic acid (AsA), and glutathione (GSH), and thus enhanced the tolerance of transgenic plants to salt stress. This work has charecterized the roles that the antioxidant enzymes play in the BvM14 response to salt stress and provided useful genetic resources for engineering and marker-based breeding of crops that are sensitive to salt stress.
| S-EPMC9854869 | biostudies-literature
Project description:As one of the largest transcription factor families in plants, bZIP transcription factors play important regulatory roles in different biological processes, especially in the process of stress response. Salt stress inhibits the growth and yield of sugar beet. However, bZIP-related studies in sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) have not been reported. This study aimed to identify the bZIP transcription factors in sugar beet and analyze their biological functions and response patterns to salt stress. Using bioinformatics, 48 BvbZIP genes were identified in the genome of sugar beet, encoding 77 proteins with large structural differences. Collinearity analysis showed that three pairs of BvbZIP genes were fragment replication genes. The BvbZIP genes were grouped according to the phylogenetic tree topology and conserved structures, and the results are consistent with those reported in Arabidopsis. Under salt stress, the expression levels of most BvbZIP genes were decreased, and only eight genes were up-regulated. GO analysis showed that the BvbZIP genes were mainly negatively regulated in stress response. Protein interaction prediction showed that the BvbZIP genes were mainly involved in light signaling and ABA signal transduction, and also played a certain role in stress responses. In this study, the structures and biological functions of the BvbZIP genes were analyzed to provide foundational data for further mechanistic studies and for facilitating the efforts toward the molecular breeding of stress-resilient sugar beet.
| S-EPMC9569505 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundInfection by beet cyst nematodes (BCN, Heterodera schachtii) causes a serious disease of sugar beet, and climatic change is expected to improve the conditions for BCN infection. Yield and yield stability under adverse conditions are among the main breeding objectives. Breeding of BCN tolerant sugar beet cultivars offering high yield in the presence of the pathogen is therefore of high relevance.ResultsTo identify causal genes providing tolerance against BCN infection, we combined several experimental and bioinformatic approaches. Relevant genomic regions were detected through mapping-by-sequencing using a segregating F2 population. DNA sequencing of contrasting F2 pools and analyses of allele frequencies for variant positions identified a single genomic region which confers nematode tolerance. The genomic interval was confirmed and narrowed down by genotyping with newly developed molecular markers. To pinpoint the causal genes within the potential nematode tolerance locus, we generated long read-based genome sequence assemblies of the tolerant parental breeding line Strube U2Bv and the susceptible reference line 2320Bv. We analyzed continuous sequences of the potential locus with regard to functional gene annotation and differential gene expression upon BCN infection. A cluster of genes with similarity to the Arabidopsis thaliana gene encoding nodule inception protein-like protein 7 (NLP7) was identified. Gene expression analyses confirmed transcriptional activity and revealed clear differences between susceptible and tolerant genotypes.ConclusionsOur findings provide new insights into the genomic basis of plant-nematode interactions that can be used to design and accelerate novel management strategies against BCN.
| S-EPMC10702057 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundSugar beet is a highly salt-tolerant crop. However, its ability to withstand high salinity is reduced compared to sea beet, a wild ancestor of all beet crops. The aim of this study was to investigate transcriptional patterns associated with physiological, cytological and biochemical mechanisms involved in salt response in these closely related subspecies. Salt acclimation strategies were assessed in plants subjected to either gradually increasing salt levels (salt-stress) or in excised leaves, exposed instantly to salinity (salt-shock).ResultThe majority of DEGs was down-regulated under stress, which may lead to certain aspects of metabolism being reduced in this treatment, as exemplified by lowered transpiration and photosynthesis. This effect was more pronounced in sugar beet. Additionally, sugar beet, but not sea beet, growth was restricted. Silencing of genes encoding numerous transcription factors and signaling proteins was observed, concomitantly with the up-regulation of lipid transfer protein-encoding genes and those coding for NRTs. Bark storage protein genes were up-regulated in sugar beet to the level observed in unstressed sea beet. Osmotic adjustment, manifested by increased water and proline content, occurred in salt-shocked leaves of both genotypes, due to the concerted activation of genes encoding aquaporins, ion channels and osmoprotectants synthesizing enzymes. bHLH137 was the only TF-encoding gene induced by salt in a dose-dependent manner irrespective of the mode of salt treatment. Moreover, the incidence of bHLH-binding motives in promoter regions of salinity-regulated genes was significantly greater than in non-regulated ones.ConclusionsMaintaining homeostasis under salt stress requires deeper transcriptomic changes in the sugar beet than in the sea beet. In both genotypes salt shock elicits greater transcriptomic changes than stress and it results in greater number of up-regulated genes compared to the latter. NRTs and bark storage protein may play a yet undefined role in salt stress-acclimation in beet. bHLH is a putative regulator of salt response in beet leaves and a promising candidate for further studies.
| S-EPMC6364445 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Soil salinization is a common environmental problem that seriously affects the yield and quality of crops. Sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.), one of the main sugar crops in the world, shows a strong tolerance to salt stress. To decipher the molecular mechanism of sugar beet under salt stress, we conducted transcriptomic analyses of two contrasting sugar beet genotypes. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first comparison of salt-response transcriptomes in sugar beet with contrasting genotypes. Compared to the salt-sensitive cultivar (S710), the salt-tolerant one (T710MU) showed better growth and exhibited a higher chlorophyll content, higher antioxidant enzyme activity, and increased levels of osmotic adjustment molecules. Based on a high-throughput experimental system, 1714 differentially expressed genes were identified in the leaves of the salt-sensitive genotype, and 2912 in the salt-tolerant one. Many of the differentially expressed genes were involved in stress and defense responses, metabolic processes, signal transduction, transport processes, and cell wall synthesis. Moreover, expression patterns of several genes differed between the two cultivars in response to salt stress, and several key pathways involved in determining the salt tolerance of sugar beet, were identified. Our results revealed the mechanism of salt tolerance in sugar beet and provided potential metabolic pathways and gene markers for growing salt-tolerant cultivars.
| S-EPMC6928841 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Polyamines play an important role in plant growth and development, and response to abiotic stresses. Previously, differentially expressed proteins in sugar beet M14 (BvM14) under salt stress were identified by iTRAQ-based quantitative proteomics. One of the proteins was an S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase (SAMDC), a key rate-limiting enzyme involved in the biosynthesis of polyamines. In this study, the BvM14-SAMDC gene was cloned from the sugar beet M14. The full-length BvM14-SAMDC was 1960 bp, and its ORF contained 1119 bp encoding the SAMDC of 372 amino acids. In addition, we expressed the coding sequence of BvM14-SAMDC in Escherichia coli and purified the ~40 kD BvM14-SAMDC with high enzymatic activity. Quantitative real-time PCR analysis revealed that the BvM14-SAMDC was up-regulated in the BvM14 roots and leaves under salt stress. To investigate the functions of the BvM14-SAMDC, it was constitutively expressed in Arabidopsis thaliana. The transgenic plants exhibited greater salt stress tolerance, as evidenced by longer root length and higher fresh weight and chlorophyll content than wild type (WT) under salt treatment. The levels of spermidine (Spd) and spermin (Spm) concentrations were increased in the transgenic plants as compared with the WT. Furthermore, the overexpression plants showed higher activities of antioxidant enzymes and decreased cell membrane damage. Compared with WT, they also had low expression levels of RbohD and RbohF, which are involved in reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Together, these results suggest that the BvM14-SAMDC mediated biosynthesis of Spm and Spd contributes to plant salt stress tolerance through enhancing antioxidant enzymes and decreasing ROS generation.
| S-EPMC6515516 | biostudies-literature
Project description:The sugar beet monosomic addition line M14 is a unique germplasm that contains genetic materials from Beta vulgaris L. and Beta corolliflora Zoss, and shows tolerance to salt stress. Our study focuses on exploring the molecular mechanism of the salt tolerance of the sugar beet M14. In order to identify differentially expressed genes in M14 under salt stress, a subtractive cDNA library was generated by suppression subtractive hybridization (SSH). A total of 36 unique sequences were identified in the library and their putative functions were analyzed. One of the genes, S-adenosylmethionine synthetase (SAMS), is the key enzyme involved in the biosynthesis of S-adenosylmethionine (SAM), a precursor of polyamines. To determine the potential role of SAMS in salt tolerance, we isolated BvM14-SAMS2 from the salt-tolerant sugar beet M14. The expression of BvM14-SAMS2 in leaves and roots was greatly induced by salt stress. Overexpression of BvM14-SAMS2 in Arabidopsis resulted in enhanced salt and H₂O₂ tolerance. Furthermore, we obtained a knock-down T-DNA insertion mutant of AtSAMS3, which shares the highest homology with BvM14-SAMS2. Interestingly, the mutant atsam3 showed sensitivity to salt and H₂O₂ stress. We also found that the antioxidant system and polyamine metabolism play an important role in salt and H₂O₂ tolerance in the BvM14-SAMS2-overexpressed plants. To our knowledge, the function of the sugar beet SAMS has not been reported before. Our results have provided new insights into SAMS functions in sugar beet.
| S-EPMC5412431 | biostudies-literature
Project description: Not available
| S-EPMC7868967 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Post-translational modifications (PTMs) are important molecular processes that regulate organismal responses to different stresses. Ubiquitination modification is not only involved in human health but also plays crucial roles in plant growth, development, and responses to environmental stresses. In this study, we investigated the ubiquitination proteome changes in the salt-tolerant sugar beet monomeric additional line M14 under salt stress treatments. Based on the expression of the key genes of the ubiquitination system and the ubiquitination-modified proteins before and after salt stress, 30 min of 200 mM NaCl treatment and 6 h of 400 mM NaCl treatment were selected as time points. Through label-free proteomics, 4711 and 3607 proteins were identified in plants treated with 200 mM NaCl and 400 mM NaCl, respectively. Among them, 611 and 380 proteins were ubiquitinated, with 1085 and 625 ubiquitination sites, in the two salt stress conditions, respectively. A quantitative analysis revealed that 70 ubiquitinated proteins increased and 47 ubiquitinated proteins decreased. At the total protein level, 42 were induced and 20 were repressed with 200 mM NaCl, while 28 were induced and 27 were repressed with 400 mM NaCl. Gene ontology, KEGG pathway, protein interaction, and PTM crosstalk analyses were performed using the differentially ubiquitinated proteins. The differentially ubiquitinated proteins were mainly involved in cellular transcription and translation processes, signal transduction, metabolic pathways, and the ubiquitin/26S proteasome pathway. The uncovered ubiquitinated proteins constitute an important resource of the plant stress ubiquitinome, and they provide a theoretical basis for the marker-based molecular breeding of crops for enhanced stress tolerance.
| S-EPMC9782053 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Key messageWe found GmNAC06 plays an important role in salt stress responses through the phenotypic, physiological and molecular analyses of OE, VC, and Mutant composite soybean. Salinization affects 20% of all cultivated land worldwide because of the high salinity of irrigation water and the excessive use of water, and this amount is increasing daily. NAC (NAM, ATAF, and CUC) have been found to be involved in salt stress. In this study, a soybean NAC gene, GmNAC06 (Glyma06g21020.1), was cloned and functionally characterized. The results of expression analysis suggested that salt stress could influence the expression level of GmNAC06. The subcellular localization analysis results suggested that GmNAC06 may function as a transcription factor. Under salt stress, the overexpression technology combined with CRISPR-Cas9 system found that GmNAC06 could cause the accumulation of proline and glycine betaine to alleviate or avoid the negative effects of ROS; similarly, it could control the Na+/K+ ratios in hairy roots to maintain ionic homeostasis. The fresh weight of the transgenic hairy roots and the histochemical ROS staining of wild leaves suggested that transgenic hairy roots influence the function of wild leaves under salt stress conditions. Moreover, the expression levels of GmUBC2 and GmHKT1 were higher in the GmNAC06 hairy roots than in the control. Thus, the overexpression of GmNAC06 in hairy roots notably causes an entire composite plant to exhibit salt tolerance. The phenotype of composite soybean plants and transgenic Arabidopsis plants suggest that GmNAC06 plays a role in response to salt stress and could be useful in generating salt tolerant transgenic crops.
| S-EPMC7858558 | biostudies-literature