Dataset Information

New aspects of microbial vitamin K2 production by expanding the product spectrum.

ABSTRACT: Vitamin K2 (menaquinone, MK) is an essential lipid-soluble vitamin with critical roles in blood coagulation and bone metabolism. Chemically, the term vitamin K2 encompasses a group of small molecules that contain a common naphthoquinone head group and a polyisoprenyl side chain of variable length. Among them, menaquinone-7 (MK-7) is the most potent form. Here, the biosynthetic pathways of vitamin K2 and different types of MK produced by microorganisms are briefly introduced. Further, we provide a new aspect of MK-7 production, which shares a common naphthoquinone ring and polyisoprene biosynthesis pathway, by analyzing strategies for expanding the product spectrum. We review the findings of metabolic engineering strategies targeting the shikimate pathway, polyisoprene pathway, and menaquinone pathway, as well as membrane engineering, which provide comprehensive insights for enhancing the yield of MK-7. Finally, the current limitations and perspectives of microbial menaquinone production are also discussed. This article provides in-depth information on metabolic engineering strategies for vitamin K2 production by expanding the product spectrum.

SUBMITTER: Zhang Z

PROVIDER: S-EPMC8042841 | biostudies-literature |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

ACCESS DATA

Similar Datasets

Project description:Human hepatocellular carcinoma cells, HepG2 , cultured in DMEM containing 10% fetal calf serum. To study gene expression changes induced by Vitamin K2, total RNA was isolated following the Isogen procedure (Nippon-gene, Tokyo, Japan) from HepG2 cells with and without 50 microM of Vitamin K2 treatment for three days. The cDNA microarrays Human Oligo Chip 30K “AceGene” subset A was purchased from Hitachi Software Engineering Co. (Yokohama-City, Japan). This array contains 10368 kinds of gene-specific 50 mer sense oligonucleotides. Subset A contains mainly known function ORF oligo probes. Preparation of fluorescent cDNA targets by an indirect labeling approach was performed using PowerScript reverse transcription kit (Clontech). First-strand cDNAs were synthesized from 30 microg of total RNA from HepG2 cells treated with or without Vitamin K2 using random primer and PoweScript Fluorescent Labelling Kit. Monofunctional, N-hydroxysuccinimide-activated fluorescent dyes (Cy3 and Cy5; Amersham) were coupled to the cDNAs by reaction with the amino functional groups. Untreated cells were labeled with Cy3 as a control and treated cells with Cy5 as a sample. After free dyes were removed using MinElute Purification kit (Qiagen), the targets were mixed together and added to the microarrays, and then incubated overnight (16 hours) at 42?C. The slides were washed at 30?C in each with 2x SSC, 0.1% SDS and 2x SSC for 10 min and 5 min, respectively, and washed in 1x SSC for 5 min. Fluorescent images of the hybridized microarrays were scanned with a fluorescence laser confocal slide scanner (Affymetrix 428 Array Scanner, Affymetrix, Santa Clara, CA). The Cy3 and Cy5 intensities with background subtraction were determined by ImaGene 4.2 software (BioDiscovery, Marina Del Rey, CA). The expression data were then filtered based on their channel intensities, spot size and flag (missing or inaccurate data), and the Cy5/Cy3 ratios were calculated and normalized by median-centering the log-ratio of all genes.

Dataset Information

New aspects of microbial vitamin K2 production by expanding the product spectrum.

Similar Datasets

OmicsDI is part of the ELIXIR infrastructure

Tweets