The use of proteomics for blood biomarker research in premature infants: a scoping review.
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SUBMITTER: Letunica N
PROVIDER: S-EPMC8048323 | biostudies-literature |
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
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Project description:Background and objectiveEvidence-based research has shown that golden hour quality improvement (QI) measures can improve the quality of care and reduce serious complications of premature infants. Herein, we sought to review golden hour QI studies to evaluate the impact on the outcome of preterm infants.MethodsA comprehensive literature search was conducted in PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and SinoMed databases from inception to April 03, 2023. Only studies describing QI interventions in the golden hour of preterm infants were included. Outcomes were summarized and qualitative synthesis was performed.ResultsTen studies were eligible for inclusion. All studies were from single centers, of which nine were conducted in the USA and one in Israel. Seven were pre-post comparative studies and three were observational studies. Most included studies were of medium quality (80%). The most common primary outcome was admission temperatures and glucose. Five studies (n = 2308) reported improvements in the admission temperature and three studies (n = 2052) reported improvements in hypoglycemia after QI. Four studies (n = 907) showed that the incidence of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) was lower in preterm infants after QI: 106/408 (26.0%) vs. 122/424(29.5%) [OR = 0.68, 95% CI 0.48-0.97, p = 0.04].ConclusionsOur study showed that the golden hour QI bundle can improve the short-term and long-term outcomes for extremely preterm infants. There was considerable heterogeneity and deficiencies in the included studies, and the variation in impact on outcomes suggests the need to use standardized and validated measures. Future studies are needed to develop locally appropriate, high-quality, and replicable QI projects.
| S-EPMC10832117 | biostudies-literature
Project description:IntroductionThe remarkable improvement in the long-term prognosis of extremely premature infants has led to an increase in the number of cases of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD). BPD affects pulmonary function and developmental outcomes, resulting in high chronic health burdens for infants and their families over the years. Therefore, identifying its risk factors in the early period of life and exploring better prophylactics and treatment strategies are important.The objectives of our scoping review are to screen available evidence, identify perinatal risk factors involved in the development and severity of BPD and devise a novel disease classification system that can predict long-term prognosis.Methods and analysisEligibility criteria are as follows: articles published from 2002 to 2021; studies conducted in developed countries; articles written in English (PubMed) or Japanese (Ichushi); randomised controlled trials, prospective/retrospective cohort studies or case-control studies; extremely premature infants born before 28 weeks of gestational age; and articles in which endpoint was severe BPD as classified by the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development.We will screen the titles and abstracts of studies identified by independent reviewers using the population-concept-context framework. After a full-text review and data charting, we will provide the perinatal risk factors for severe BPD along with the risk ratio or odds ratio, 95% confidence interval and p values.Ethics and disseminationInstitutional review board approval is not required due to the nature of the study. The results of this review will be disseminated through peer-reviewed publications and presentations at relevant conferences.Protocol V.1, 22 September 2021 TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: UMIN000045529.
| S-EPMC9096528 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Purpose of reviewUnderstanding whether a person has consumed alcohol or not, as well as quantitative assessment of alcohol use, are often based on self-reported measures, which may be subject to recall bias, among other challenges. Although not without limitations, blood biomarkers may complement self-reported assessments to provide a more accurate determination of the presence and quantity of alcohol use. The aim of this review is to provide a critical overview of the current knowledge and research on biomarkers of alcohol use, with a particular focus on blood tests.Recent findingsThis scoping review summarizes the published work on blood tests currently used in clinical practice, including phosphatidyl ethanol (PEth), fatty acid ethyl ester (FAEE), carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (CDT), total serum sialic acid (TSA), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), gamma glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT), and cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP). Emerging blood biomarkers with a potential use to assess alcohol drinking are also briefly reviewed, including N-Acetyl-β-Hexosaminidase (Beta-Hex), macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF), and D-dopachrome tautomerase (DDT). We discuss the aforementioned biomarkers in the context of their clinical implications, characteristics, strengths, and limitations.SummaryThe available blood biomarkers considerably vary in the time period in which they detect alcohol use and the amount of alcohol they are sensitive to. While currently available biomarkers provide useful information, especially in combination with self-reported measures, future work is needed to identify more sensitive and specific blood biomarkers for different levels and patterns of alcohol use. Integration of such biomarkers into clinical practice and research will increase the accuracy and richness of the data and may guide more effective and targeted strategies for prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of excessive alcohol use.
| S-EPMC10237590 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Background: Research on disparities in traumatic injury has not been well characterized, limiting understanding of gaps in research and development of successful interventions. We conducted a scoping review to identify and synthesize research on disparities in intentional and unintentional traumatic injuries. Methods: The review was guided by PRISMA Extension for Scoping Reviews. PubMed, PsycINFO, Web of Science, and CINAHL and systematic reviews from 2007 to 2017 were searched. Eligible articles were peer reviewed; conducted in the United States; and reported on clearly defined physical trauma and disparity, defined by Cochrane PROGRESS-Plus criteria. One reviewer assessed article titles and a second reviewer validated the inclusion with a random sample. Abstract and full-text review by two reviewers determined final inclusion. Results: Of 7382 unique articles screened, 653 articles were included; inter-rater agreement was high (K=0.995). Studies reported on disparities in the acute hospital setting (104) or postacute/rehabilitation (86), with fewer focused on prevention (57) and policy development (6). Research methods used were quantitative (593) with 25 intervention studies, qualitative (45), qualitative/quantitative (7), and community-based participatory research (8). Age ranges of included studies were all ages (124), adults (318), pediatric/youth/adolescents (172), and older adults (40). Racial disparities were most commonly measured (439 studies); 38 created a white/nonwhite binary. Other commonly measured disparities were place of residence (122), insurance (111 studies), gender (89), age (75), and socioeconomic status measures (61). Disparities were noted in all of the categories. Studies commonly aggregated all types of traumatic injuries (129) or all types of violence (105). Conclusions: The extant injury literature lacks research on prevention and policy to address disparities. Many studies aggregated types of trauma and patient groups, preventing an understanding of distinctions between groups and potential interventions. Intervention and community-based research strategies were limited. Future research can better specify measurement of understudied equity categories, trauma types and intent, and racial groups.
| S-EPMC6798805 | biostudies-other
Project description:BackgroundAs social media are increasingly used worldwide, more and more scientists are relying on them for their health-related projects. However, social media features, methodologies, and ethical issues are unclear so far because, to our knowledge, there has been no overview of this relatively young field of research.ObjectiveThis scoping review aimed to provide an evidence map of the different uses of social media for health research purposes, their fields of application, and their analysis methods.MethodsWe followed the scoping review methodologies developed by Arksey and O'Malley and the Joanna Briggs Institute. After developing search strategies based on keywords (eg, social media, health research), comprehensive searches were conducted in the PubMed/MEDLINE and Web of Science databases. We limited the search strategies to documents written in English and published between January 1, 2005, and April 9, 2020. After removing duplicates, articles were screened at the title and abstract level and at the full text level by two independent reviewers. One reviewer extracted data, which were descriptively analyzed to map the available evidence.ResultsAfter screening 1237 titles and abstracts and 407 full texts, 268 unique papers were included, dating from 2009 to 2020 with an average annual growth rate of 32.71% for the 2009-2019 period. Studies mainly came from the Americas (173/268, 64.6%, including 151 from the United States). Articles used machine learning or data mining techniques (60/268) to analyze the data, discussed opportunities and limitations of the use of social media for research (59/268), assessed the feasibility of recruitment strategies (45/268), or discussed ethical issues (16/268). Communicable (eg, influenza, 40/268) and then chronic (eg, cancer, 24/268) diseases were the two main areas of interest.ConclusionsSince their early days, social media have been recognized as resources with high potential for health research purposes, yet the field is still suffering from strong heterogeneity in the methodologies used, which prevents the research from being compared and generalized. For the field to be fully recognized as a valid, complementary approach to more traditional health research study designs, there is now a need for more guidance by types of applications of social media for health research, both from a methodological and an ethical perspective.International registered report identifier (irrid)RR2-10.1136/bmjopen-2020-040671.
| S-EPMC8193478 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundThe Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score is a commonly used severity-of-illness score in cardiac arrest research. Due to its nature, the SOFA score often has missing data. How much data is missing and how that missing data is handled is unknown.ObjectivesWe conducted a scoping review on cardiac arrest studies using SOFA, focusing on missing data.Data sourcesPubMed, Embase, and Web of Science.Study selectionAll English-language peer-reviewed studies of cardiac arrest with SOFA as an outcome or exposure were included.Data extractionFor each study, quantity of missing SOFA data, analytic strategy to handle missing SOFA variables, whether/to what degree mortality influenced the amount of missing SOFA scores), SOFA score modifications, and number of SOFA measurements was extracted.Data synthesisWe included 66 studies published between 2006-2019. Five studies were randomized controlled trials, 26 were prospective cohort studies, and 25 were retrospective cohort studies. SOFA was used as an outcome in 36 (55%) and a primary outcome in 10 (15%). Nine studies (14%) mentioned the quantity of missing SOFA data, which ranged from 0 to 76% (median: 10% [IQR: 6%, 42%]). Twenty-seven (41%) studies reported a method to handle missing SOFA. The most common method used excluded subjects with missing data (81%). In the 50 studies using serial SOFA scores, 11 (22%) documented mortality prior to SOFA measurement; which ranged from 3% to 76% (median: 12% [IQR: 6%-35%]).ConclusionsMissing data is common in cardiac arrest research using SOFA scores. Variability exists in reporting and handling missing SOFA variables.
| S-EPMC8244435 | biostudies-literature
Project description:ObjectivesTechnological advancements that use global positioning system (GPS), such as geofencing, provide the opportunity to examine place-based context in population health research. This review aimed to systematically identify, assess and synthesise the existing evidence on geofencing intervention design, acceptability, feasibility and/or impact.DesignScoping review, using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews guidance for reporting.Data sourcesPubMed, CINAHL, EMBASE, Web of Science, Cochrane and PsycINFO for articles in English published up to 31 December 2021.Eligibility criteriaArticles were included if geofencing was used as a mechanism for intervention delivery.Exclusion criteria(1) a component or combination of GPS, geographical information system or ecological momentary assessment was used without delivery of an intervention; (2) did not include a health or health-related outcome from the geofencing intervention; or (3) was not a peer-reviewed study.Data extraction and synthesisSeveral researchers independently reviewed all abstracts and full-text articles for final inclusion.ResultsA total of 2171 articles were found; after exclusions, nine studies were included in the review. The majority were published in 5 years preceding the search (89%). Geofences in most studies (n=5) were fixed and programmed in the mobile application carried by participants without their input. Mechanisms of geofencing interventions were classified as direct or indirect, with five studies (56%) using direct interventions. There were several different health outcomes (from smoking to problematic alcohol use) across the five studies that used a direct geofencing intervention.ConclusionsThis scoping review found geofencing to be an emerging technology that is an acceptable and feasible intervention applied to several different populations and health outcomes. Future studies should specify the rationale for the locations that are geofenced and user input. Moreover, attention to mechanisms of actions will enable scientists to understand not only whether geofencing is an appropriate and effective intervention but why it works to achieve the outcomes observed.
| S-EPMC10401224 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Invasive fungal infections cause excessive morbidity and mortality in premature neonates and severely ill infants.Safety and efficacy outcomes of micafungin were compared between prematurely and non-prematurely born infants <2 years of age. Data were obtained from all completed phase I-III clinical trials with micafungin that had enrolled infants (<2 years of age) that were listed in the Astellas Clinical Study Database. Demographics, adverse events, hepatic function tests and treatment success data were extracted and validated by the Astellas biostatistical group for all micafungin-treated patients, <2 years of age, using the unique patient identifier.One-hundred and sixteen patients included in 9 clinical trials, 48% premature [birth weight (BW) <2500 g and/or gestational age <37 weeks], 52% non-premature, received ? 1 dose of micafungin. Among premature patients, 14.5% were low BW (1500-2499 g), 36.4% very low BW (1000-1499 g) and 49.1% extremely low BW (<1000 g). Ninety patients (78%) completed the studies; 13 [11% (4 premature)] died. Significantly more non-premature than premature patients discontinued treatment (P = 0.003). Treatment-related adverse events were recorded in 23% of patients with no difference between groups. More extremely low BW (n = 4, 15%) and very low BW (n = 8, 40%) infants experienced treatment-related adverse events than low BW (n = 0) and there was no relation to micafungin dose or duration. For a subgroup of 30 patients with invasive candidiasis, treatment success was achieved in 73% in both premature and non-premature groups. Prophylaxis was successful in 4/5 non-premature hematopoietic stem cell transplant patients.Micafungin has a safe profile in premature and non-premature infants with substantial efficacy.
| S-EPMC4196786 | biostudies-other
Project description:Public health practitioners and researchers have used traditional medical databases to study and understand public health for a long time. Recently, social media data, particularly Twitter, has seen some use for public health purposes. Every large technological development in history has had an impact on the behaviour of society. The advent of the internet and social media is no different. Social media creates public streams of communication, and scientists are starting to understand that such data can provide some level of access into the people's opinions and situations. As such, this paper aims to review and synthesize the literature on Twitter applications for public health, highlighting current research and products in practice. A scoping review methodology was employed and four leading health, computer science and cross-disciplinary databases were searched. A total of 755 articles were retreived, 92 of which met the criteria for review. From the reviewed literature, six domains for the application of Twitter to public health were identified: (i) Surveillance; (ii) Event Detection; (iii) Pharmacovigilance; (iv) Forecasting; (v) Disease Tracking; and (vi) Geographic Identification. From our review, we were able to obtain a clear picture of the use of Twitter for public health. We gained insights into interesting observations such as how the popularity of different domains changed with time, the diseases and conditions studied and the different approaches to understanding each disease, which algorithms and techniques were popular with each domain, and more.
| S-EPMC7229729 | biostudies-literature
Project description:ObjectiveTo examine the extent and nature of evidence on the use of the environmental scan (ES) in the health services delivery literature.DesignScoping review.MethodsThis scoping review followed the five-stage scoping review methodology outlined by Khalil et al. A Peer Review of Electronic Search Strategies was completed. Seven electronic databases and the grey literature were searched. Pairs of researchers independently performed two levels of screening and data extraction. Data were analysed using qualitative content and thematic analysis.ResultsNinety-six studies were included in the scoping review. Researchers conducted ESs for many purposes, the most common being to examine the current state of programmes, services or policies. Recommendations were informed by ESs in 20% of studies. Most common data collection methods were literature review (71%), key informant or semistructured interviews (46%) and surveys (35%). Over half (53%) of the studies used a combination of passive (looking at information eg, literature, policies, guidelines) and active (looking for information eg, surveys, interviews) approaches to data collection. Person sources of data (eg, healthcare stakeholders, community representatives) and non-person sources of data (eg, documents, electronic databases, the web) were drawn on to a similar extent. The thematic analysis of the definitions/descriptions yielded several themes including instrument of discovery, knowledge synthesis, forward-looking and decision making. Research gaps identified included absence of a standard definition, inconsistencies in terminology and lack of guiding frameworks in the health services delivery context.ConclusionESs were conducted to gather evidence and to help inform decision making on a range of policy and health services delivery issues across the continuum of care. Consistency in terminology, a consensus definition and more guidance on ES design may help provide structure for researchers and other stakeholders, and ultimately advance ES as a methodological approach. A working definition of ES in a health services delivery context is presented.
| S-EPMC8587593 | biostudies-literature