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Transient rest restores functionality in exhausted CAR-T cells through epigenetic remodeling.

ABSTRACT: T cell exhaustion limits immune responses against cancer and is a major cause of resistance to chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cell therapeutics. Using murine xenograft models and an in vitro model wherein tonic CAR signaling induces hallmark features of exhaustion, we tested the effect of transient cessation of receptor signaling, or rest, on the development and maintenance of exhaustion. Induction of rest through enforced down-regulation of the CAR protein using a drug-regulatable system or treatment with the multikinase inhibitor dasatinib resulted in the acquisition of a memory-like phenotype, global transcriptional and epigenetic reprogramming, and restored antitumor functionality in exhausted CAR-T cells. This work demonstrates that rest can enhance CAR-T cell efficacy by preventing or reversing exhaustion, and it challenges the notion that exhaustion is an epigenetically fixed state.

SUBMITTER: Weber EW

PROVIDER: S-EPMC8049103 | biostudies-literature |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Transient “rest” induces functional reinvigoration and epigenetic remodeling in exhausted CAR-T cells Mediate Enhanced Antitumor Activity

Project description:This SuperSeries is composed of the SubSeries listed below.

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Transient “rest” induces functional reinvigoration and epigenetic remodeling in exhausted CAR-T cells Mediate Enhanced Antitumor Activity [RNA-seq]

Project description:T cell exhaustion limits immune responses against cancer and is a major cause of resistance to CAR-T cell therapeutics. Using a model wherein tonic CAR signaling induces hallmark features of exhaustion, we employed a drug-regulatable CAR to test the impact of transient cessation of receptor signaling (i.e. “rest”) on the development and maintenance of exhaustion. Induction of rest in exhausting or already-exhausted CAR-T cells resulted in acquisition of a memory-like phenotype, improved anti-tumor functionality, and wholescale transcriptional and epigenetic reprogramming. Similar results were achieved with the Src kinase inhibitor dasatinib, which reversibly suppresses CAR signaling. The degree of functional reinvigoration was proportional to the duration of rest and was associated with expression of transcription factors TCF1 and LEF1. This work demonstrates that transient cessation of CAR-T cell signaling can enhance anti-tumor potency by preventing or reversing exhaustion and challenges the paradigm that exhaustion is an epigenetically fixed state.

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REST-dependent epigenetic remodeling promotes the developmental switch in synaptic NMDA receptors.

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