Transmission delays and frequency detuning can regulate information flow between brain regions.
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ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Pariz A
PROVIDER: S-EPMC8049288 | biostudies-literature |
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
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Project description:Directed information flow between brain regions might be disrupted in children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) which is related to the behavioral characteristics of ADHD. This paper aims to investigate the different information pathways of brain networks in children with ADHD in comparison with healthy subjects. EEG recordings were obtained from 61 children with ADHD and 60 healthy children without neurological disorders during attentional visual task. Effective connectivity among all scalp channels was calculated using directed phase transfer entropy (dPTE) for delta, theta, alpha, beta, and lower-gamma frequency bands. Group differences were evaluated using permutation tests in connectivity between regions. Significant posterior to anterior patterns of information flow in theta frequency bands were found in healthy subjects (p-value < 0.05), while disrupted pattern flow, in an opposite way, was found in ADHD children. In the beta band, information flow in pathways between anterior regions was significantly higher in healthy individuals than in the ADHD group. These differences are more indicated in connectivity that leads from frontal and central regions to the right frontal regions of the brain (F8 electrode). Furthermore, connections from central and lateral parietal areas to Pz electrode areas are statistically significant and higher in healthy children in this band. In the delta band, internal connections in the anterior region show a significant difference between the two groups, as this amount is higher in the ADHD group. Our analysis may provide new insights into information flow in brain regions of ADHD children in comparison with healthy children.
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Project description:When people interact, affective information is transmitted between their brains. Modern imaging techniques permit to investigate the dynamics of this brain-to-brain transfer of information. Here, we used information-based functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to investigate the flow of affective information between the brains of senders and perceivers engaged in ongoing facial communication of affect. We found that the level of neural activity within a distributed network of the perceiver's brain can be successfully predicted from the neural activity in the same network in the sender's brain, depending on the affect that is currently being communicated. Furthermore, there was a temporal succession in the flow of affective information from the sender's brain to the perceiver's brain, with information in the perceiver's brain being significantly delayed relative to information in the sender's brain. This delay decreased over time, possibly reflecting some 'tuning in' of the perceiver with the sender. Our data support current theories of intersubjectivity by providing direct evidence that during ongoing facial communication a 'shared space' of affect is successively built up between senders and perceivers of affective facial signals.
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Project description:The human brain is a dynamic system, where communication between spatially distinct areas facilitates complex cognitive functions and behaviors. How information transfers between brain regions and how it gives rise to human cognition, however, are unclear. In this article, using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data from 783 healthy adults in the Human Connectome Project (HCP) dataset, we map the brain's directed information flow architecture through a Granger-Geweke causality prism. We demonstrate that the information flow profiles in the general population primarily involve local exchanges within specialized functional systems, long-distance exchanges from the dorsal brain to the ventral brain, and top-down exchanges from the higher-order systems to the primary systems. Using an information flow map discovered from 550 subjects, the individual directed information flow profiles can significantly predict cognitive flexibility scores in 233 novel individuals. Our results provide evidence for directed information network architecture in the cerebral cortex, and suggest that features of the information flow configuration during rest underpin cognitive ability in humans.
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Project description:ImportanceAlthough borderline personality disorder (BPD)-one of the most common, burdensome, and costly psychiatric conditions-is characterized by repeated interpersonal conflict and instable relationships, the neurobiological mechanism of social interactive deficits remains poorly understood.ObjectiveTo apply recent advancements in the investigation of 2-person human social interaction to investigate interaction difficulties among people with BPD.Design, setting, and participantsCross-brain information flow in BPD was examined from May 25, 2012, to December 4, 2015, in pairs of participants studied in 2 linked functional magnetic resonance imaging scanners in a university setting. Participants performed a joint attention task. Each pair included a healthy control individual (HC) and either a patient currently fulfilling DSM-IV criteria for BPD (cBPD) (n = 23), a patient in remission for 2 years or more (rBPD) (n = 17), or a second HC (n = 20). Groups were matched for age and educational level.Main outcomes and measuresA measure of cross-brain neural coupling was computed following previously published work to indicate synchronized flow between right temporoparietal junction networks (previously shown to host neural coupling abilities in health). This measure is derived from an independent component analysis contrasting the time courses of components between pairs of truly interacting participants compared with bootstrapped control pairs.ResultsIn the sample including 23 women with cBPD (mean [SD] age, 26.8 [5.7] years), 17 women with rBPD (mean [SD] age, 28.5 [4.3] years), and 80 HCs (mean [SD] age, 24.0 [3.4] years]) investigated as dyads, neural coupling was found to be associated with disorder state (η2 = 0.17; P = .007): while HC-HC pairs showed synchronized neural responses, cBPD-HC pairs exhibited significantly lower neural coupling just above permutation-based data levels (η2 = 0.16; P = .009). No difference was found between neural coupling in rBPD-HC and HC-HC pairs. The neural coupling in patients was significantly associated with childhood adversity (T = 2.3; P = .03).Conclusions and relevanceThis study provides a neural correlate for a core diagnostic and clinical feature of BPD. Results indicate that hyperscanning may deliver state-associated biomarkers for clinical social neuroscience. In addition, at least some neural deficits of BPD may be more reversible than is currently assumed for personality disorders.
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