Alternative carbon price trajectories can avoid excessive carbon removal.
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ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Strefler J
PROVIDER: S-EPMC8050196 | biostudies-literature |
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
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Project description:BackgroundLimited lung resection is generally believed to be available for lung adenocarcinoma in situ (AIS). At our institute, intraoperative hematoxylin-eosin staining of frozen-section slides is routinely performed for evaluating tumor invasiveness after partial resection to avoid excessive lung resection. This study aimed to evaluate the feasibility and usefulness of intraoperative frozen-section diagnosis of AIS.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed 143 patients with 151 AISs diagnosed by intraoperative frozen sections between 2012 and 2019 at our institute. All patients underwent limited resection because of the result of intraoperative frozen-section diagnosis.ResultsThe total concordance rate between the diagnoses of AIS by intraoperative frozen sections and postoperative paraffin-embedded sections was 82.7% for 151 nodules. Although 21 minimally invasive adenocarcinomas (MIA) and 5 invasive adenocarcinomas were diagnosed as AIS intraoperatively, no patient had tumor recurrence after resection. Among 125 pathologically proven cases of AIS postoperatively, there were 67 (53.6%) radiologically invasive tumors including ground-glass nodules (GGNs) with part-solid component or pure-solid nodules.ConclusionsThis intraoperative evaluation of frozen-section slides will help surgeons avoid excessive lung resection for AIS that was radiologically diagnosed as invasive adenocarcinoma. Intraoperative frozen-section diagnosis will provide to be clinically useful and lead to less invasive surgical treatment for lung nodules.
| S-EPMC8024823 | biostudies-literature
Project description:INTRODUCTION: Extensive burn injury has systemic consequences due to capillary leak. After restoration of cellular integrity, infused fluid volume has to be removed partially. This can provoke electrolyte disorders. PURPOSE: We investigated the effect of progressive fluid removal on serum sodium level. METHOD: Retrospective study. Patients admitted to a burn unit were analyzed and separated in two groups without (Group A) or with (Group B) prolonged hypernatremia. Daily infusion-diuresis-ratio (IDR) was analyzed. RESULTS: Fourty (12 female; 28 male) patients with a mean age of 47±19 years, a total burn surface area (TBSA) of 26±12%, and a mean abbreviated burned severity index (ABSI) score of 7.3±2 were included. In Group A 25 patients with a mean age of 47±18 years, a mean TBSA of 23±11%, and a mean ABSI score of 6.9±2.1 were summarized. In Group B 15 patients with a mean age of 47±22 years, a mean TBSA of 30±13%, and a mean ABSI score of 8.1±1.7 were included. Hypernatremia occurred on day 5±1.4. There was no significant difference between both groups for fluid resuscitation amount within the first 24 hours. Statistical analysis of the first 7 days after burn injury showed a significantly higher percentage of removed fluid in Group B for day 3, day 4, day 5, day 6 and day 7. CONCLUSIONS: Amount and velocity of fluid removal regimen after burn injury can provoke electrolyte disorders. Serum sodium concentration can be used to calculate need of fluid resuscitation for fluid maintenance. There is a need of an established fluid removal strategy.
| S-EPMC3118691 | biostudies-other
Project description:While several thousand square kilometers of land area have been subject to surface mining in the Central Appalachians, no reliable estimate exists for how much coal is produced per unit landscape disturbance. We provide this estimate using regional satellite-derived mine delineations and historical county-level coal production data for the period 1985-2005, and further relate the aerial extent of mining disturbance to stream impairment and loss of ecosystem carbon sequestration potential. To meet current US coal demands, an area the size of Washington DC would need to be mined every 81 days. A one-year supply of coal would result in ∼2,300 km of stream impairment and a loss of ecosystem carbon sequestration capacity comparable to the global warming potential of >33,000 US homes. For the first time, the environmental impacts of surface coal mining can be directly scaled with coal production rates.
| S-EPMC3770658 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Mechanical ventilation (MV) represents a lifesaving treatment for patients with respiratory failure, but it could be harmful through the development of ventilator-induced lung injury (VILI). In patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), protective MV strategies with low tidal volume to minimize VILI have been demonstrated to reduce lung injury and mortality. However, they can be limited by the emergence of uncontrolled hypercapnia. Similarly, in COPD patients, noninvasive MV failure often is associated with a progressive rise in arterial CO2 and need for endotracheal intubation, with higher risk of hospital mortality. Minimally invasive extracorporeal CO2 removal systems (ECCO2R) theoretically can remove the entire amount of the CO2 produced in the body per minute. In ARDS patients, ECCO2R may further reduce the risk of VILI ensuring ultraprotective MV and avoiding hypercapnia. In patients with exacerbation of COPD, ECCO2R may help to avoid intubation or facilitate weaning from invasive MV. In intensive care unit, concomitant renal and respiratory failure with MV is one of the strongest risk factors for hospital mortality. Combining ECCO2R and renal replacement therapy may support respiratory and renal functions and limit the side effects of MV. However, the need for systemic anticoagulation and the related risk of bleeding still represent a concern for a wider application of ECCO2R devices. In conclusion, ECCO2R is an effective support therapy to MV to limit its invasiveness and side effects, but its efficacy and safety must be proven in well-designed clinical trials. Objectives This chapter will:1 Explain the physiology of CO2 removal during extracorporeal support.2 Describe potential clinical applications of extracorporeal CO2 removal systems (ECCO2R) support therapy in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) as well as in those with acute kidney injury requiring renal replacement therapy.
| S-EPMC7969728 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundAnecdotal evidence of the involvement of alternative splicing (AS) in the regulation of protein-protein interactions has been reported by several studies. AS events have been shown to significantly occur in regions where a protein interaction domain or a short linear motif is present. Several AS variants show partial or complete loss of interface residues, suggesting that AS can play a major role in the interaction regulation by selectively targeting the protein binding sites. In the present study we performed a statistical analysis of the alternative splicing of a non-redundant dataset of human protein-protein interfaces known at molecular level to determine the importance of this way of modulation of protein-protein interactions through AS.ResultsUsing a Cochran-Mantel-Haenszel chi-square test we demonstrated that the alternative splicing-mediated partial removal of both heterodimeric and homodimeric binding sites occurs at lower frequencies than expected, and this holds true even if we consider only those isoforms whose sequence is less different from that of the canonical protein and which therefore allow to selectively regulate functional regions of the protein. On the other hand, large removals of the binding site are not significantly prevented, possibly because they are associated to drastic structural changes of the protein. The observed protection of the binding sites from AS is not preferentially directed towards putative hot spot interface residues, and is widespread to all protein functional classes.ConclusionsOur findings indicate that protein-protein binding sites are generally protected from alternative splicing-mediated partial removals. However, some cases in which the binding site is selectively removed exist, and here we discuss one of them.
| S-EPMC3700808 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Ciprofloxacin anaerobic removal with carbon nanomaterials
| PRJEB43083 | ENA
Project description:Biological invasions are poorly controlled and contribute to the loss of ecosystem services and function. Altered watershed connectivity contributes to aquatic invasions, but such hydrologic connections have become important for human transport. Carbon dioxide (CO2) deterrents have been proposed to control the range expansion of invasive fishes, particularly through altered hydrologic connections, without impeding human transport. However, the effectiveness of CO2 deterrents needs to be further evaluated in the field, where fishes are situated in their natural environment and logistical challenges are present. We deployed a proof-of-concept CO2 deterrent within a trap-and-sort fishway in Cootes Paradise, Ontario, Canada, to determine the avoidance responses of fishes attempting to disperse into a wetland. We aimed to describe deterrent efficiency for our target species, common carp, and for native fishes dispersing into the wetland. Our inexpensive inline CO2 deterrent was deployed quickly and rapidly produced a CO2 plume of 60 mg/l. Over 2000 fishes, representing 13 species, were captured between 23 May and 8 July 2019. A generalized linear model determined that the catch rates of our target species, common carp (n = 1662), decreased significantly during deterrent activation, with catch rates falling from 2.56 to 0.26 individuals per hour. Aggregated catch rates for low-abundance species (n < 150 individuals per species) also decreased, while catch rates for non-target brown bullhead (n = 294) increased. Species did not express a phylogenetic signal in avoidance responses. These results indicate that CO2 deterrents produce a robust common carp avoidance response in the field. This pilot study deployed an inexpensive and rapidly operating deterrent, but to be a reliable management tool, permanent deterrents would need to produce a more concentrated CO2 plume with greater infrastructural support.
| S-EPMC9109721 | biostudies-literature
Project description:ObjectiveMany jurisdictions in the USA and globally are considering raising the prices of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSB) through taxes as a strategy to reduce their consumption. The objective of the present study was to identify whether the rationale provided for an SSB price increase affects young adults' behavioural intentions and attitudes towards SSB.DesignParticipants were randomly assigned to receive one of eight SSB price increase rationales. Intentions to purchase SSB and attitudes about the product and policy were measured.SettingA forty-six-item cross-sectional Internet survey.SubjectsUndergraduate students (n 494) at a large US Midwestern university.ResultsRationale type was significantly associated with differences in participants' purchasing intentions for the full sample (F 7,485=2·53, P=0·014). Presenting the rationale for an SSB price increase as a user fee, an effort to reduce obesity, a strategy to offset health-care costs or to protect children led to lower SSB purchasing intentions compared with a message with no rationale. Rationale type was also significantly associated with differences in perceptions of soda companies (F 7,485=2·10, P=0·043); among low consumers of SSB, messages describing the price increase as a user fee or tax led to more negative perceptions of soda companies.ConclusionsThe rationale attached to an SSB price increase could influence consumers. However, these message effects may depend on individuals' level of SSB consumption.
| S-EPMC10261550 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Nitrogen has traditionally been removed from wastewater by nitrification and denitrification processes, in which organic carbon has been used as an electron donor during denitrification. However, some wastewaters contain low concentrations of organic carbon, which may require external organic carbon supply, increasing treatment costs. As a result, processes such as partial nitrification/anammox (anaerobic ammonium oxidation) (PN/A), autotrophic denitrification, nitritation-denitritation and bioelectrochemical processes have been studied as possible alternatives, and are thus evaluated in this study based on process kinetics, applicability at large-scale and process configuration. Oxygen demand for nitritation-denitritation and PN/A is 25% and 60% lower than for nitrification/denitrification, respectively. In addition, PN/A process does not require organic carbon supply, while its supply for nitritation-denitritation is 40% less than for nitrification/denitrification. Both PN/A and nitritation-denitritation produce less sludge compared to nitrification/denitrification, which saves on sludge handling costs. Similarly, autotrophic denitrification generates less sludge compared to heterotrophic denitrification and could save on sludge handling costs. However, autotrophic denitrification driven by metallic ions, elemental sulfur (S) and its compounds could generate harmful chemicals. On the other hand, hydrogenotrophic denitrification can remove nitrogen completely without generation of harmful chemicals, but requires specialized equipment for generation and handling of hydrogen gas (H2), which complicates process configuration. Bioelectrochemical processes are limited by low kinetics and complicated process configuration. In sum, anammox-mediated processes represent the best alternative to nitrification/denitrification for nitrogen removal in low- and high-strength wastewaters.
| S-EPMC9709150 | biostudies-literature
Project description:A large amount of Cr (VI)-polluted wastewater produced in electroplating, dyeing and tanning industries seriously threatens water ecological security and human health. Due to the lack of high-performance electrodes and the coulomb repulsion between hexavalent chromium anion and cathode, the traditional DC-mediated electrochemical remediation technology possesses low Cr (VI) removal efficiency. Herein, by modifying commercial carbon felt (O-CF) with amidoxime groups, amidoxime-functionalized carbon felt electrodes (Ami-CF) with high adsorption affinity for Cr (VI) were prepared. Based on Ami-CF, an electrochemical flow-through system powered by asymmetric AC was constructed. The mechanism and influencing factors of efficient removal of Cr (VI) contaminated wastewater by an asymmetric AC electrochemical method coupling Ami-CF were studied. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) characterization results showed that Ami-CF was successfully and uniformly loaded with amidoxime functional groups, and the adsorption capacity of Cr (VI) was more than 100 times higher than that of O-CF. In particular, the Coulomb repulsion effect and the side reaction of electrolytic water splitting were inhibited by the high-frequency anode and cathode switching (asymmetric AC), the mass transfer rate of Cr (VI) from electrode solution was increased, the reduction efficiency of Cr (VI) to Cr (III) was significantly promoted and a highly efficient removal of Cr (VI) was achieved. Under optimal operating conditions (positive bias 1 V, negative bias 2.5 V, duty ratio 20%, frequency 400 Hz, solution pH = 2), the asymmetric AC electrochemistry based on Ami-CF can achieve fast (30 s) and efficient removal (>99.11%) for 0.5-100 mg·L-1 Cr (VI) with a high flux of 300 L h-1 m-2. At the same time, the durability test verified the sustainability of the AC electrochemical method. For Cr (VI)-polluted wastewater with an initial concentration of 50 mg·L-1, the effluent concentration could still reach drinking water grade (<0.05 mg·L-1) after 10 cycling experiments. This study provides an innovative approach for the rapid, green and efficient removal of Cr (VI) containing wastewater at low and medium concentrations.
| S-EPMC10005244 | biostudies-literature