HDAC inhibition reduces white matter injury after intracerebral hemorrhage.
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ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Yang H
PROVIDER: S-EPMC8054714 | biostudies-literature |
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
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Project description:AimsWhite matter (WM) injury after intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) results in poor or even fatal outcomes. As an anti-inflammatory drug, minocycline has been considered a promising choice to treat brain injury after ICH. However, whether minocycline can reduce WM injury after ICH is still controversial. In the present study, we investigate the effect and underlying mechanism of minocycline on WM injury after ICH.MethodsAn ICH model was induced by an injection of autologous blood into the right frontal lobe of piglets. First, transcriptional analysis was performed at day 1 or 3 to investigate the dynamic changes in neuroinflammatory gene expression in WM after ICH. Second, ICH piglets were treated either with minocycline or with vehicle alone. All piglets then underwent magnetic resonance imaging to measure brain swelling. Brain tissue was used for real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), immunohistochemistry, Western blot, and electron microscopy.ResultsTranscriptional analysis demonstrated that transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β)/mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling is associated with microglia/macrophage-mediated inflammation activation after ICH and is then involved in WM injury after ICH in piglets. Minocycline treatment results in less ICH-induced brain swelling, fewer neurological deficits, and less WM injury in comparison with the vehicle alone. In addition, minocycline reduces microglial activation and alleviates demyelination in white matter after ICH. Finally, we found that minocycline attenuates WM injury by increasing the expression of TGF-β and suppressing MAPK activation after ICH.ConclusionThese results indicate that TGF-β-mediated MAPK signaling contributes to WM injury after ICH, which can be altered by minocycline treatment.
| S-EPMC6776747 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundWhite matter injury (WMI) is a major neuropathological event associated with intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). P2X purinoreceptor 4 (P2X4R) is a member of the P2X purine receptor family, which plays a crucial role in regulating WMI and neuroinflammation in central nervous system (CNS) diseases. Our study investigated the role of P2X4R in the WMI and the inflammatory response in mice, as well as the possible mechanism of action after ICH.MethodsICH was induced in mice via collagenase injection. Mice were treated with 5-BDBD and ANA-12 to inhibit P2X4R and tropomyosin-related kinase receptor B (TrkB), respectively. Immunostaining and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) were performed to detect microglial phenotypes after the inhibition of P2X4R. Western blots (WB) and immunostaining were used to examine WMI and the underlying molecular mechanisms. Cylinder, corner turn, wire hanging, and forelimb placement tests were conducted to evaluate neurobehavioral function.ResultsAfter ICH, the protein levels of P2X4R were upregulated, especially on day 7 after ICH, and were mainly located in the microglia. The inhibition of P2X4R via 5-BDBD promoted neurofunctional recovery after ICH as well as the transformation of the pro-inflammatory microglia induced by ICH into an anti-inflammatory phenotype, and attenuated ICH-induced WMI. Furthermore, we found that TrkB blockage can reverse the protective effects of WMI as well as neuroprotection after 5-BDBD treatment. This result indicates that P2X4R plays a crucial role in regulating WMI and neuroinflammation and that P2X4R inhibition may benefit patients with ICH.ConclusionsOur results demonstrated that P2X4R contributes to WMI by polarizing microglia into a pro-inflammatory phenotype after ICH. Furthermore, the inhibition of P2X4R promoted pro-inflammatory microglia polarization into an anti-inflammatory phenotype, enhanced brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) production, and through the BDNF/TrkB pathway, attenuated WMI and improved neurological function. Therefore, the regulation of P2X4R activation may be beneficial for the reducing of ICH-induced brain injury.
| S-EPMC8383380 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundIntracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) can induce excessive accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) that may subsequently cause severe white matter injury. The process of oligodendrocyte progenitor cell (OPC) differentiation is orchestrated by microglia and astrocytes, and ROS also drives the activation of microglia and astrocytes. In light of the potent ROS scavenging capacity of ceria nanoparticles (CeNP), we aimed to investigate whether treatment with CeNP ameliorates white matter injury by modulating ROS-induced microglial polarization and astrocyte alteration.MethodsICH was induced in vivo by collagenase VII injection. Mice were administered with PLX3397 for depleting microglia. Primary microglia and astrocytes were used for in vitro experiments. Transmission electron microscopy analysis and immunostaining were performed to verify the positive effects of CeNP in remyelination and OPC differentiation. Flow cytometry, real-time polymerase chain reaction, immunofluorescence and western blotting were used to detect microglia polarization, astrocyte alteration, and the underlying molecular mechanisms.ResultsCeNP treatment strongly inhibited ROS-induced NF-κB p65 translocation in both microglia and astrocytes, and significantly decreased the expression of M1 microglia and A1 astrocyte. Furthermore, we found that CeNP treatment promoted remyelination and OPC differentiation after ICH, and such effects were alleviated after microglial depletion. Interestingly, we also found that the number of mature oligodendrocytes was moderately increased in ICH + CeNP + PLX3397-treated mice compared to the ICH + vehicle + PLX3397 group. Therefore, astrocytes might participate in the pathophysiological process. The subsequent phagocytosis assay indicated that A1 astrocyte highly expressed C3, which could bind with microglia C3aR and hinder microglial engulfment of myelin debris. This result further replenished the feedback mechanism from astrocytes to microglia.ConclusionThe present study reveals a new mechanism in white matter injury after ICH: ICH induces M1 microglia and A1 astrocyte through ROS-induced NF-κB p65 translocation that hinders OPC maturation. Subsequently, A1 astrocytes inhibit microglial phagocytosis of myelin debris via an astrocytic C3-microglial C3aR axis. Polyethylene glycol-CeNP treatment inhibits this pathological process and ultimately promotes remyelination. Such findings enlighten us that astrocytes and microglia should be regarded as a functional unit in future works.
| S-EPMC7883579 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Prior intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is associated with increased risk of ischemic stroke. Since white matter hyperintensity (WMH) is associated with ischemic stroke and ICH, this study aimed to evaluate the relationship between ICH and the risk of recurrent stroke by WMH severity. From a prospective multicenter database comprising 1454 noncardioembolic stroke patients with cerebral small-vessel disease, patients were categorized by presence or absence of prior ICH and WMH severity: mild-moderate WMH (reference); advanced WMH; ICH with mild-moderate WMH; and ICH with advanced WMH. Among patients with ICH, the association with stroke outcomes by WMH burden was further assessed. The primary endpoint was ischemic stroke and hemorrhagic stroke. The secondary endpoint was major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE): stroke/coronary heart disease/vascular death. During the mean 1.9-year follow-up period, the ischemic stroke incidence rate per 100 person-years was 2.7, 4.0, 2.5, and 8.1 in increasing severity, and the rate of hemorrhagic stroke was 0.7, 1.3, 0.6, and 2.1, respectively. The risk of ischemic stroke was higher in ICH with advanced WMH (adjusted HR 2.62; 95% CI 1.22-5.60) than the reference group, while the risk of hemorrhagic stroke trended higher (3.75, 0.85-16.53). The risk of MACE showed a similar pattern in ICH with advanced WMH. Among ICH patients, compared with mild WMH, the risk of ischemic stroke trended to be higher in advanced WMH (HR 3.37; 95% CI 0.90‒12.61). Advanced WMH was independently associated with an increased risk of hemorrhagic stroke (HR 33.96; 95% CI 1.52-760.95). Given the fewer rate of hemorrhagic stroke, the risk of hemorrhagic stroke might not outweigh the benefits of antiplatelet therapy for secondary prevention.
| S-EPMC8408204 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is a subtype of stroke with high rates of morbidity and mortality. Caveolin-1 (Cav-1) is the main structural protein of caveolae and is involved in regulating signal transduction and cholesterol trafficking in cells. Although a recent study suggests a protective role of Cav-1 in cerebral ischemia, its function in ICH remains unknown. In this study, we examined the role of Cav-1 and in a model of collagenase-induced ICH and in neuronal cultures. Our results indicate that Cav-1 was up-regulated in the perihematomal area predominantly in endothelial cells. Cav-1 knockout mice had smaller injury volumes, milder neurologic deficits, less brain edema, and neuronal death 1 day after ICH than wild-type mice. The protective mechanism in Cav-1 knockout mice was associated with marked reduction in leukocyte infiltration, decreased expression of inflammatory mediators, including macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-2 and cyclooxygenase (COX)-2, and reduced matrix metalloproteinase-9 activity. Deletion of Cav-1 also suppressed heme oxygenase-1 expression and attenuated reactive oxygen species production after ICH. Moreover, deletion or knockdown of Cav-1 decreased neuronal vulnerability to hemin-induced toxicity and reduced heme oxygenase (HO)-1 induction in vitro. These data suggest that Cav-1 plays a deleterious role in early brain injury after ICH. Inhibition of Cav-1 may provide a novel therapeutic approach for the treatment of hemorrhagic stroke.
| S-EPMC3078460 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) elicits destruction of both gray and white matter, which is exacerbated by secondary proinflammatory responses. Although white matter injury (WMI) is strongly correlated with poor neurological status, the maintenance of white matter integrity is poorly understood, and no current therapies protect both gray and white matter. One candidate approach that may fulfill this role is inhibition of class I/II histone deacetylases (HDACs). Here we demonstrate that the HDAC inhibitor Scriptaid protects white matter up to 35 d after TBI, as shown by reductions in abnormally dephosphorylated neurofilament protein, increases in myelin basic protein, anatomic preservation of myelinated axons, and improved nerve conduction. Furthermore, Scriptaid shifted microglia/macrophage polarization toward the protective M2 phenotype and mitigated inflammation. In primary cocultures of microglia and oligodendrocytes, Scriptaid increased expression of microglial glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta (GSK3?), which phosphorylated and inactivated phosphatase and tensin homologue (PTEN), thereby enhancing phosphatidylinositide 3-kinases (PI3K)/Akt signaling and polarizing microglia toward M2. The increase in GSK3? in microglia and their phenotypic switch to M2 was associated with increased preservation of neighboring oligodendrocytes. These findings are consistent with recent findings that microglial phenotypic switching modulates white matter repair and axonal remyelination and highlight a previously unexplored role for HDAC activity in this process. Furthermore, the functions of GSK3? may be more subtle than previously thought, in that GSK3? can modulate microglial functions via the PTEN/PI3K/Akt signaling pathway and preserve white matter homeostasis. Thus, inhibition of HDACs in microglia is a potential future therapy in TBI and other neurological conditions with white matter destruction.
| S-EPMC4352818 | biostudies-other
Project description:Aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is one of the special stroke subtypes with high mortality and mobility. Although the mortality of SAH has decreased by 50% over the past two decades due to advances in neurosurgery and management of neurocritical care, more than 70% of survivors suffer from varying degrees of neurological deficits and cognitive impairments, leaving a heavy burden on individuals, families, and the society. Recent studies have shown that white matter is vulnerable to SAH, and white matter injuries may be one of the causes of long-term neurological deficits caused by SAH. Attention has recently focused on the pivotal role of white matter injury in the pathophysiological processes after SAH, mainly related to mechanical damage caused by increased intracerebral pressure and the metabolic damage induced by blood degradation and hypoxia. In the present review, we sought to summarize the pathophysiology processes and mechanisms of white matter injury after SAH, with a view to providing new strategies for the prevention and treatment of long-term cognitive dysfunction after SAH.
| S-EPMC8319471 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Protein posttranslational modifications (PTMs) has been shown to regulate biological processes of human diseases via expanding the genetic code and for regulating cellular pathophysiology, however, the system-wide changes at the PTMs levels in ICH brain remains little known. Given that succinylation is one of the important PTMs in regulating many biological processes. Therefore, in this study, we used a high-resolution mass spectrometry-based, quantitative succinyllysine proteomics approach to firstly investigated the ICH-associated brain protein succinyllysine modifications. We totally identified the concentration of approximately 6000 succinylation events and quantified approximately 3500 sites. Among them, 25 succinyllysine sites on 23 proteins were increased, while 13 succinyllysine sites on 12 proteins were downregulated after ICH. Additionally, the subcellular localization analysis of these significantly changed succinylproteins showed that 58.3% hyposuccinylated proteins were located in the mitochondria, while the percentage of succinylproteins located in mitochondria was decreased to about 35% in ICH brains with concomitant increasing in the percentage of cytoplasm to 30.4%. Further bioinformatic analysis showed that the succinylated proteins were mostly located in mitochondria and synapse-related subcellular spaces, and participate in many pathophysiological processes, such as metabolism, cytoskeleton organization, synapse working and ferroptosis, etc.. Moreover, we performed a combination analysis of our succinylproteomics data with previously published transcriptome data and found that most of the differentially succinylated proteins were distributed into neurons, endothelial cells and astrocytes. In conclusion, our analyses uncover a number of succinylation-affected processes and pathways in ICH brains and provide new insights for understanding ICH pathophysiological processes.
2021-10-29 | PXD025621 | Pride
Project description:White matter (WM) injury and survival after intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) has received insufficient attention. WM disruption surrounding the hematoma has been documented in animal models with histology, but rarely in human ICH with noninvasive means, like magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). A few human MRI studies have investigated changes in long WM tracts after ICH remote from the hematoma, like the corticospinal tract, but have not attempted to obtain an unbiased quantification of WM changes within and around the hematoma over time. This study attempts such quantification from 3 to 30 days post ictus. Thirteen patients with mild to moderate ICH underwent diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) MRI at 3, 14, and 30 days. Fractional anisotropy (FA) maps were used to calculate the volume of tissue with FA > 0.5, both within the hematoma (lesion) and in the perilesional tissue. At day 3, the percentages of both lesional and perilesional tissue with an FA > 0.5 were significantly less than contralateral, unaffected, anatomically identical tissue. This perilesional contralateral difference persisted at day 14, but there was no significant difference at day 30. The loss of perilesional tissue with FA > 0.5 increased with increasing hematoma size at day 3 and day 14. All patients had some tissue within the lesion with FA > 0.5 at all time points. This did not decrease with duration after ictus, suggesting the persistence of white matter within the hematoma/lesion. These results outline an approach to quantify WM injury, both within and surrounding the hematoma, after mild to moderate ICH using DTI MRI. This may be important for monitoring treatment strategies, such as hematoma evacuation, and assessing efficacy noninvasively.
| S-EPMC8234588 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is the most common hemorrhagic stroke subtype, and rates are increasing with an aging population. Despite an increase in research and trials of therapies for ICH, mortality remains high and no interventional therapy has been demonstrated to improve outcomes. We review known mechanisms of injury, recent clinical trial results, and newly discovered signaling pathways involved in hematoma clearance. Enthusiasm remains high for methods of minimally invasive clot removal as well as pharmacologic strategies to improve recovery after ICH, both of which are currently being evaluated in clinical trials. This article is part of the Special Issue entitled 'Cerebral Ischemia'.
| S-EPMC6027647 | biostudies-literature