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A Chlamydia trachomatis VD1-MOMP vaccine elicits cross-neutralizing and protective antibodies against C/C-related complex serovars.

ABSTRACT: Ocular and urogenital infections with Chlamydia trachomatis (C.t.) are caused by a range of different serovars. The first C.t. vaccine in clinical development (CTH522/CAF®01) induced neutralizing antibodies directed to the variable domain 4 (VD4) region of major outer membrane protein (MOMP), covering predominantly B and intermediate groups of serovars. The VD1 region of MOMP contains neutralizing B-cell epitopes targeting serovars of the C and C-related complex. Using an immuno-repeat strategy, we extended the VD1 region of SvA and SvJ to include surrounding conserved segments, extVD1^A and extVD1^J, and repeated this region four times. The extVD1^A*4 was most immunogenic with broad cross-surface and neutralizing reactivity against representative members of the C and C-related complex serovars. Importantly, in vitro results for extVD1^A*4 translated into in vivo biological effects, demonstrated by in vivo neutralization of SvA and protection/cross-protection against intravaginal challenge with both SvA and the heterologous SvIa strain.

SUBMITTER: Olsen AW

PROVIDER: S-EPMC8055873 | biostudies-literature |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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A Recombinant Chlamydia trachomatis MOMP Vaccine Elicits Cross-serogroup Protection in Mice Against Vaginal Shedding and Infertility.

Project description:BackgroundChlamydia trachomatis is the most common sexually transmitted bacterial pathogen worldwide. Here, we determined the ability of a C. trachomatis recombinant major outer membrane protein (rMOMP) vaccine to elicit cross-serogroup protection.MethodsFemale C3H/HeN mice were vaccinated by mucosal and systemic routes with C. trachomatis serovar D (UW-3/Cx) rMOMP and challenged in the ovarian bursa with serovars D (UW-3/Cx), D (UCI-96/Cx), E (IOL-43), or F (N.I.1). CpG-1826 and Montanide ISA 720 were used as adjuvants.ResultsImmune responses following vaccination were more robust against the most closely related serovars. Following a genital challenge (as determined by number of mice with positive vaginal cultures, number of positive cultures, number of inclusion forming units recovered, and number of days with positive cultures) mice challenged with C. trachomatis serovars of the same complex were protected but not those challenged with serovar F (N.I.1) from a different subcomplex. Females were caged with male mice. Based on fertility rates, number of embryos, and hydrosalpinx formation, vaccinated mice were protected against challenges with serovars D (UW-3/Cx), D (UCI-96/Cx), and E (IOL-43) but not F (N.I.1).ConclusionsThis is the first subunit vaccine shown to protect mice against infection, pathology, and infertility caused by different C. trachomatis serovars.

| S-EPMC6935996 | biostudies-literature

Protective Effect of Vaccine Promoted Neutralizing Antibodies against the Intracellular Pathogen <i>Chlamydia trachomatis</i>.

Project description:There is an unmet need for a vaccine to control Chlamydia trachomatis (C.t.) infections. We have recently designed a multivalent heterologous immuno-repeat 1 (Hirep1) vaccine construct based on major outer membrane protein variable domain (VD) 4 regions from C.t. serovars (Svs) D-F. Hirep1 administered in the Cationic Adjuvant Formulation no. 1 (CAF01) promoted neutralizing antibodies in concert with CD4+ T cells and protected against genital infection. In the current study, we examined the protective role of the antibody (Ab) response in detail. Mice were vaccinated with either Hirep1 or a vaccine construct based on a homologous multivalent construct of extended VD4's from SvF (extVD4F*4), adjuvanted in CAF01. Hirep1 and extVD4F*4 induced similar levels of Ab and cell-mediated immune responses but differed in the fine specificity of the B cell epitopes targeted in the VD4 region. Hirep1 induced a strong response toward a neutralizing epitope (LNPTIAG) and the importance of this epitope for neutralization was demonstrated by competitive inhibition with the corresponding peptide. Immunization with extVD4F*4 skewed the response to a non-neutralizing epitope slightly upstream in the sequence. Vaccination with Hirep1 as opposed to extVD4F*4 induced significant protection against infection in mice both in short- and long-term vaccination experiments, signifying a key role for Hirep1 neutralizing antibodies during protection against C.t. Finally, we show that passive immunization of Rag1 knockout mice with Hirep1 antibodies completely prevented the establishment of infection in 48% of the mice, demonstrating an isolated role for neutralizing antibodies in controlling infection. Our data emphasize the role of antibodies in early protection against C.t. and support the inclusion of neutralizing targets in chlamydia vaccines.

| S-EPMC5732375 | biostudies-literature

Identification of surface-exposed components of MOMP of Chlamydia trachomatis serovar F.

Project description:The identification of surface-exposed components of the major outer membrane protein (MOMP) of Chlamydia is critical for modeling its three-dimensional structure, as well as for understanding the role of MOMP in the pathogenesis of Chlamydia-related diseases. MOMP contains four variable domains (VDs). In this study, VDII and VDIV of Chlamydia trachomatis serovar F were proven to be surface-located by immuno-dot blot assay using monoclonal antibodies (MAbs). Two proteases, trypsin and endoproteinase Glu-C, were applied to digest the intact elementary body of serovar F under native conditions to reveal the surface-located amino acids. The resulting peptides were separated by SDS-PAGE and probed with MAbs against these VDs. N-terminal amino acid sequencing revealed: (1) The Glu-C cleavage sites were located within VDI (at Glu61) and VDIII (at Glu225); (2) the trypsin cleavage sites were found at Lys79 in VDI and at Lys224 in VDIII. The tryptic peptides were then isolated by HPLC and analyzed with a matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometer and a quadrupole-orthogonal-TOF mass spectrometer coupled with a capillary liquid chromatograph. Masses and fragmentation patterns that correlated to the peptides cleaved from VDI and VDIII regions, and C-terminal peptides Ser333-Arg358 and Ser333-Lys350 were observed. This result demonstrated that these regions are surface-exposed. Data derived from comparison of nonreduced outer membrane complex proteolytic fragments with their reduced fractions revealed that Cys26, 29, 33, 116, 208, and 337 were involved in disulfide bonds, and Cys26 and 337, and 116 and 208 were paired. Based on these data, a new two-dimensional model is proposed.

| S-EPMC2242375 | biostudies-literature

Adeno-associated virus-vectored influenza vaccine elicits neutralizing and Fc-gamma-receptor activating antibodies

Project description:The current seasonal inactivated influenza vaccine protects only against a narrow range of virus strains as it triggers a dominant antibody response towards the hypervariable HA head region. The discovery of rare broadly protective antibodies against conserved regions in influenza virus proteins has propelled research on distinct antigens and delivery methods to efficiently induce broad immunity towards drifted or shifted virus strains. Here we report that Adeno-associated virus (AAV)-vectors expressing influenza virus HA or chimeric HA protected mice against homologous and heterologous virus challenges. Unexpectedly, immunization even with wildtype HA induced antibodies recognizing the HA-stalk and activating FcgammaR-dependent responses indicating that AAV-vectored expression balances HA- head- and stalk-specific humoral responses. Immunization with AAV-HA partially protected also ferrets against a harsh virus challenge. Results from this study provide a rationale for further clinical development of AAV-vectors as influenza vaccine platform, which could benefit from their approved use in human gene therapy.

| S-SCDT-EMM-2019-10938 | biostudies-other

SARS-CoV-2 501Y.V2 (B.1.351) elicits cross-reactive neutralizing antibodies.

Project description:Neutralization escape by SARS-CoV-2 variants, as has been observed in the 501Y.V2 (B.1.351) variant, has impacted the efficacy of first generation COVID-19 vaccines. Here, the antibody response to the 501Y.V2 variant was examined in a cohort of patients hospitalized with COVID-19 in early 2021 - when over 90% of infections in South Africa were attributed to 501Y.V2. Robust binding and neutralizing antibody titers to the 501Y.V2 variant were detected and these binding antibodies showed high levels of cross-reactivity for the original variant, from the first wave. In contrast to an earlier study where sera from individuals infected with the original variant showed dramatically reduced potency against 501Y.V2, sera from 501Y.V2-infected patients maintained good cross-reactivity against viruses from the first wave. Furthermore, sera from 501Y.V2-infected patients also neutralized the 501Y.V3 (P.1) variant first described in Brazil, and now circulating globally. Collectively these data suggest that the antibody response in patients infected with 501Y.V2 has a broad specificity and that vaccines designed with the 501Y.V2 sequence may elicit more cross-reactive responses.

| S-EPMC7941631 | biostudies-literature

Adeno-associated virus-vectored influenza vaccine elicits neutralizing and Fcγ receptor-activating antibodies.

Project description:The current seasonal inactivated influenza vaccine protects only against a narrow range of virus strains as it triggers a dominant antibody response toward the hypervariable hemagglutinin (HA) head region. The discovery of rare broadly protective antibodies against conserved regions in influenza virus proteins has propelled research on distinct antigens and delivery methods to efficiently induce broad immunity toward drifted or shifted virus strains. Here, we report that adeno-associated virus (AAV) vectors expressing influenza virus HA or chimeric HA protected mice against homologous and heterologous virus challenges. Unexpectedly, immunization even with wild-type HA induced antibodies recognizing the HA-stalk and activating FcγR-dependent responses indicating that AAV-vectored expression balances HA head- and HA stalk-specific humoral responses. Immunization with AAV-HA partially protected also ferrets against a harsh virus challenge. Results from this study provide a rationale for further clinical development of AAV vectors as influenza vaccine platform, which could benefit from their approved use in human gene therapy.

| S-EPMC7207162 | biostudies-literature

VACCINES. A mucosal vaccine against Chlamydia trachomatis generates two waves of protective memory T cells.

Project description:Genital Chlamydia trachomatis (Ct) infection induces protective immunity that depends on interferon-?-producing CD4 T cells. By contrast, we report that mucosal exposure to ultraviolet light (UV)-inactivated Ct (UV-Ct) generated regulatory T cells that exacerbated subsequent Ct infection. We show that mucosal immunization with UV-Ct complexed with charge-switching synthetic adjuvant particles (cSAPs) elicited long-lived protection in conventional and humanized mice. UV-Ct-cSAP targeted immunogenic uterine CD11b(+)CD103(-) dendritic cells (DCs), whereas UV-Ct accumulated in tolerogenic CD11b(-)CD103(+) DCs. Regardless of vaccination route, UV-Ct-cSAP induced systemic memory T cells, but only mucosal vaccination induced effector T cells that rapidly seeded uterine mucosa with resident memory T cells (T(RM) cells). Optimal Ct clearance required both T(RM) seeding and subsequent infection-induced recruitment of circulating memory T cells. Thus, UV-Ct-cSAP vaccination generated two synergistic memory T cell subsets with distinct migratory properties.

| S-EPMC4605428 | biostudies-literature

A Multi-Component Prime-Boost Vaccination Regimen with a Consensus MOMP Antigen Enhances Chlamydia trachomatis Clearance.

Project description:BackgroundA vaccine for Chlamydia trachomatis is of urgent medical need. We explored bioinformatic approaches to generate an immunogen against C. trachomatis that would induce cross-serovar T-cell responses as (i) CD4(+) T cells have been shown in animal models and human studies to be important in chlamydial protection and (ii) antibody responses may be restrictive and serovar specific.MethodsA consensus antigen based on over 1,500 major outer membrane protein (MOMP) sequences provided high epitope coverage against the most prevalent C. trachomatis strains in silico. Having designed the T-cell immunogen, we assessed it for immunogenicity in prime-boost regimens. This consensus MOMP transgene was delivered using plasmid DNA, Human Adenovirus 5 (HuAd5) or modified vaccinia Ankara (MVA) vectors with or without MF59(®) adjuvanted recombinant MOMP protein.ResultsDifferent regimens induced distinct immune profiles. The DNA-HuAd5-MVA-Protein vaccine regimen induced a cellular response with a Th1-biased serum antibody response, alongside high serum and vaginal MOMP-specific antibodies. This regimen significantly enhanced clearance against intravaginal C. trachomatis serovar D infection in both BALB/c and B6C3F1 mouse strains. This enhanced clearance was shown to be CD4(+) T-cell dependent. Future studies will need to confirm the specificity and precise mechanisms of protection.ConclusionA C. trachomatis vaccine needs to induce a robust cellular response with broad cross-serovar coverage and a heterologous prime-boost regimen may be an approach to achieve this.

| S-EPMC4848310 | biostudies-literature

Genome sequencing of Chlamydia trachomatis serovars E and F reveals substantial genetic variation.

Project description:Chlamydia trachomatis (Ctr) is a bacterial pathogen that causes ocular, urogenital and lymph system infections in humans. It is highly abundant and among its serovars, E, F and D are most prevalent in sexually transmitted disease. However, the number of publicly available genome sequences of the serovars E and F, and thereby our knowledge about the molecular architecture of these serovars, is low. Here we sequenced the genomes of six E and F clinical isolates and one E lab strain, in order to study the genetic variance in these serovars. As observed before, the genomic variation inside the Ctr genomes is very low and the phylogenetic placement in comparison to publicly available genomes is as expected by ompA gene serotyping. However, we observed a large InDel carrying four to five open reading frames in one clinical E sample and in the E lab strain. We have also observed substantial variation on nucleotide and amino acid levels, especially in membrane proteins and secreted proteins. Furthermore, these two groups of proteins are also target for recombination events. One clinical F isolate was genetically heterogeneous and revealed the highest differences on nucleotide level in the pmpE gene.

| S-EPMC5827700 | biostudies-literature

Vaccination with the recombinant major outer membrane protein elicits antibodies to the constant domains and induces cross-serovar protection against intranasal challenge with Chlamydia trachomatis.

Project description:To determine the ability of the major outer membrane protein (MOMP) to elicit cross-serovar protection, groups of mice were immunized by the intramuscular (i.m.) and subcutaneous (s.c.) routes with recombinant MOMP (rMOMP) from Chlamydia trachomatis serovars D (UW-3/Cx), E (Bour), or F (IC-Cal-3) or Chlamydia muridarum strain Nigg II using CpG-1826 and Montanide ISA 720 VG as adjuvants. Negative-control groups were immunized i.m. and s.c. with Neisseria gonorrhoeae recombinant porin B (Ng-rPorB) or i.n. with Eagle's minimal essential medium (MEM-0). Following vaccination, the mice developed antibodies not only against the homologous serovar but also against heterologous serovars. The rMOMP-vaccinated animals also mounted cell-mediated immune responses as assessed by a lymphoproliferative assay. Four weeks after the last immunization, mice were challenged i.n. with 10(4) inclusion-forming units (IFU) of C. muridarum. The mice were weighed for 10 days and euthanized, and the number of IFU in their lungs was determined. At 10 days postinfection (p.i.), mice immunized with the rMOMP of C. muridarum or C. trachomatis D, E, or F had lost 4%, 6%, 8%, and 8% of their initial body weight, respectively, significantly different from the negative-control groups (Ng-rPorB, 13%; MEM-0, 19%; P < 0.05). The median number of IFU recovered from the lungs of mice immunized with C. muridarum rMOMP was 0.13 × 10(6). The median number of IFU recovered from mice immunized with rMOMP from serovars D, E, and F were 0.38 × 10(6), 7.56 × 10(6), and 11.94 × 10(6) IFU, respectively. All the rMOMP-immunized animals had significantly less IFU than the Ng-rPorB (40 × 10(6))- or MEM-0 (70 × 10(6))-immunized mice (P < 0.05). In conclusion, vaccination with rMOMP can elicit protection against homologous and heterologous Chlamydia serovars.

| S-EPMC3648024 | biostudies-literature

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