Differences in glycated hemoglobin levels and cholesterol levels in individuals with diabetes according to Helicobacter pylori infection.
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SUBMITTER: Haj S
PROVIDER: S-EPMC8055886 | biostudies-literature |
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
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Project description:BackgroundRecent studies have found an association between Helicobacter pylori infection and prediabetes. Whether H. pylori per se or host factors are involved in the disturbance of glycated hemoglobin needs further investigation. The aim of this study was to determine the association of glycated hemoglobin levels with endoscopic diagnosis and the inflammatory response in H. pylori infection.MethodsA cross-sectional study was carried out in 88 dyspeptic non-diabetic adults who underwent esophagogastroduodenoscopy. The diagnosis of H. pylori infection was performed through urease test and histopathological exam. Cases were initially distributed into two groups: control (without H. pylori infection, n = 22) and HP (patients with H. pylori infection, n = 66). HbA1c was measured to determine prediabetes status according to the American Diabetes Association criteria, and then the groups were subdivided into non-prediabetic (n = 14), prediabetic (n = 8), non-prediabetic HP (n = 26) and prediabetic HP (n = 40) groups. Gastric mucosa was histologically evaluated to determine H. pylori density and inflammatory activity according to Sydney System. To investigate the balance of anti-inflammatory and pro-inflammatory cytokines we measured interleukin 10 (anti-inflammatory) and Tumor Necrosis Factor-a (pro-inflammatory) in the plasma or in the gastric mucosa.ResultsPatients with H. pylori infection had higher mean HbA1c levels than those without H. pylori infection. However, increased HbA1c levels were not associated with H. pylori-related factors but with the bacterial density, the intensity of inflammation and the activity of the chronic gastritis. In addition, H. pylori infection per se did not alter IL-10 and TNF-α neither in the plasma nor in the gastric mucosa, but the bacterial density was negatively correlated with systemic and local IL-10 expression. Although no correlation was found between systemic cytokines and HbA1c levels, local anti-inflammatory cytokine was correlated with HbA1c levels.ConclusionLong-term H. pylori infection is associated with prediabetes. This association is not related to the presence of H. pylori per se but depends on the extent of bacterial colonization and the degree of both local inflammation and activity of the chronic gastritis.
| S-EPMC7511518 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundTo examine whether glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) test would be a suitable screening tool for detecting high-risk subjects for diabetes compared to oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) according to accompanied central obesity.MethodsIn this prospective population-based cohort study, both OGTT and HbA1c tests were performed and continued every 2 years up to 12 years among individuals with non-diabetic state at baseline (aged 40 to 69 years, n=7,512). Incident diabetes was established by a doctor, HbA1c ≥6.5%, and/or fasting plasma glucose (FPG) ≥126 mg/dL, and/or 2-hour postprandial glucose (2hPG) level based on OGTT ≥200 mg/dL. Discriminative capacities of high HbA1c (≥5.7%) versus high 2hPG (≥140 mg/dL) for predicting incident diabetes were compared using Cox-proportional hazard regression and C-index.ResultsDuring the median 11.5 years of follow-up period, 1,341 (17.6%) developed diabetes corresponding to an incidence of 22.1 per 1,000 person-years. Isolated high 2hPG was associated with higher risk for incident diabetes (hazard ratio [HR], 4.29; 95% confidence interval [CI], 3.56 to 5.17) than isolated high HbA1c (HR, 2.79; 95% CI, 2.40 to 3.26; P<0.05). In addition, high 2hPG provided better discriminatory capacity than high HbA1c (C-index 0.79 vs. 0.75, P<0.05). Meanwhile, in subjects with central obesity, the HR (3.95 [95% CI, 3.01 to 5.18] vs. 2.82 [95% CI, 2.30 to 3.46]) and discriminatory capacity of incident diabetes (C-index 0.75 vs. 0.75) between two subgroups became comparable.ConclusionEven though the overall inferior predictive capacity of HbA1c test than OGTT, HbA1c test might plays a complementary role in identifying high risk for diabetes especially in subjects with central obesity with increased sensitivity.
| S-EPMC7803600 | biostudies-literature
Project description:We estimated associations between neighborhood supermarket gain or loss and glycemic control (assessed by glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) values) in patients from the Kaiser Permanente Northern California Diabetes Registry (n = 434,806 person-years; 2007-2010). Annual clinical measures were linked to metrics from a geographic information system for each patient's address of longest residence. We estimated the association between change in supermarket presence (gain, loss, or no change) and change in HbA1c value, adjusting for individual- and area-level attributes and according to baseline glycemic control (near normal, <6.5%; good, 6.5%-7.9%; moderate, 8.0%-8.9%; and poor, ?9.0%). Supermarket loss was associated with worse HbA1c trajectories for those with good, moderate, and poor glycemic control at baseline, while supermarket gain was associated with marginally better HbA1c outcomes only among patients with near normal HbA1c values at baseline. Patients with the poorest baseline HbA1c values (?9.0%) had the worst associated changes in glycemic control following either supermarket loss or gain. Differences were not clinically meaningful relative to no change in supermarket presence. For patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, gaining neighborhood supermarket presence did not benefit glycemic control in a substantive way. The significance of supermarket changes on health depends on a complex interaction of resident, neighborhood, and store characteristics.
| S-EPMC5860385 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Glycated albumin to glycated hemoglobin (GA/A1c) ratio is known to be inversely related with body mass index (BMI) and insulin secretory capacity. However, the reasons for this association remain unknown. We aimed to investigate whether BMI directly or indirectly influences GA/A1c by exerting effects on insulin secretion or resistance and to confirm whether these associations differ according to glucose tolerance status. We analyzed a total of 807 subjects [242 drug-naïve type 2 diabetes (T2D), 378 prediabetes, and 187 normal glucose tolerance (NGT)]. To assess the direct and indirect effects of BMI on GA/A1c ratio, structural equation modeling (SEM) was performed. GA/A1c ratio was set as a dependent variable, BMI was used as the independent variable, and homeostasis model assessment-pancreatic beta-cell function (HOMA-?), homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), glucose level were used as mediator variables. The estimates of a direct effect of BMI on GA/A1c to be the strongest in NGT and weakest in T2D (-0.375 in NGT, -0.244 in prediabetes, and -0.189 in T2D). Conversely, the indirect effect of BMI on GA/A1c exerted through HOMA-? and HOMA-IR was not statistically significant in NGT group, but significant in prediabetes and T2D groups (0.089 in prediabetes, -0.003 in T2D). It was found that HOMA-? or HOMA-IR indirectly influences GA/A1c in T2D and prediabetes group through affecting fasting and postprandial glucose level. The relationship between GA/A1c and BMI is due to the direct effect of BMI on GA/A1c in NGT group, while in T2D and prediabetes groups, this association is mostly a result of BMI influencing blood glucose through insulin resistance or secretion.
| S-EPMC3938490 | biostudies-literature
Project description:The objective of this study was to evaluate the association of egg consumption with blood pressure (BP) and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c). In addition, it was assessed whether this association changes according to body weight status. This cross-sectional study is based on multicenter data from Spanish adult participants in the EVIDENT II trial. Egg consumption was assessed with a Food Frequency Questionnaire, and data on BP and HbA1c were collected using standardized procedures. Linear regression and ANCOVA models adjusted for the main confounders were performed. The analyses were stratified by body weight status. A total of 668 participants were analyzed (mean age 52.4 ± 11.8 years, 62.3% women). Compared with lower consumption, higher egg consumption was associated with lower systolic (ß = - 6.15 ± 1.74; p-for-trend = 0.017), diastolic (ß = - 4.41 ± 1.03; p-for-trend = 0.002), and mean arterial pressure (ß = - 4.99 ± 1.17; p-for-trend = 0.003) and with lower HbA1c (ß = - 0.19 ± 0.06; p-for-trend = 0.019) levels. These associations lost statistical significance in the adjusted analyses. The results did not vary by body weight status. In conclusion, consumption of up to 1 egg per day is not associated with BP or HbA1c, even in overweight or obese individuals. Our findings suggested that this frequency of egg consumption is safe as part of a healthy diet and lifestyle for cardiometabolic risk.
| S-EPMC9582218 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BACKGROUND:Fasting glucose is the standard measure used to diagnose diabetes in the United States. Recently, glycated hemoglobin was also recommended for this purpose. METHODS:We compared the prognostic value of glycated hemoglobin and fasting glucose for identifying adults at risk for diabetes or cardiovascular disease. We measured glycated hemoglobin in whole-blood samples from 11,092 black or white adults who did not have a history of diabetes or cardiovascular disease and who attended the second visit (occurring in the 1990-1992 period) of the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study. RESULTS:The glycated hemoglobin value at baseline was associated with newly diagnosed diabetes and cardiovascular outcomes. For glycated hemoglobin values of less than 5.0%, 5.0 to less than 5.5%, 5.5 to less than 6.0%, 6.0 to less than 6.5%, and 6.5% or greater, the multivariable-adjusted hazard ratios (with 95% confidence intervals) for diagnosed diabetes were 0.52 (0.40 to 0.69), 1.00 (reference), 1.86 (1.67 to 2.08), 4.48 (3.92 to 5.13), and 16.47 (14.22 to 19.08), respectively. For coronary heart disease, the hazard ratios were 0.96 (0.74 to 1.24), 1.00 (reference), 1.23 (1.07 to 1.41), 1.78 (1.48 to 2.15), and 1.95 (1.53 to 2.48), respectively. The hazard ratios for stroke were similar. In contrast, glycated hemoglobin and death from any cause were found to have a J-shaped association curve. All these associations remained significant after adjustment for the baseline fasting glucose level. The association between the fasting glucose levels and the risk of cardiovascular disease or death from any cause was not significant in models with adjustment for all covariates as well as glycated hemoglobin. For coronary heart disease, measures of risk discrimination showed significant improvement when glycated hemoglobin was added to models including fasting glucose. CONCLUSIONS:In this community-based population of nondiabetic adults, glycated hemoglobin was similarly associated with a risk of diabetes and more strongly associated with risks of cardiovascular disease and death from any cause as compared with fasting glucose. These data add to the evidence supporting the use of glycated hemoglobin as a diagnostic test for diabetes.
| S-EPMC2872990 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) is an important measure of glycemia in diabetes. HbA1c is influenced by environmental and genetic factors both in people with and in people without diabetes. We performed a genome-wide association study (GWAS) for HbA1c in a Finnish type 1 diabetes (T1D) cohort, FinnDiane. Top results were examined for replication in T1D cohorts DCCT/EDIC, WESDR, CACTI, EDC, and RASS, and a meta-analysis was performed. Three SNPs in high linkage disequilibrium on chromosome 13 near relaxin family peptide receptor 2 (RXFP2) were associated with HbA1c in FinnDiane at genome-wide significance (P < 5 × 10-8). The minor alleles of rs2085277 and rs1360072 were associated with higher HbA1c also in the meta-analysis with RASS (P < 5 × 10-8), where these variants had minor allele frequencies ?1%. Furthermore, these SNPs were associated with HbA1c in an East Asian population without diabetes (P ? 0.013). A weighted genetic risk score created from 55 HbA1c-associated variants from the literature was associated with HbA1c in FinnDiane but explained only a small amount of variation. Understanding the genetic basis of glycemic control and HbA1c may lead to better prevention of diabetes complications.
| S-EPMC6425874 | biostudies-literature
Project description:ImportanceNew-onset diabetes after the age of 50 years is a potential indicator of pancreatic cancer. Understanding the associations between hyperglycemia, diabetes, and pancreatic cancer, including pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, is key to developing an approach to early detection.ObjectiveTo assess the association of elevation in glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) with the risk of pancreatic cancer.Design, setting, and participantsThis cohort study was conducted using data collected from an integrated health care system in California. A total of 851 402 patients aged 50 to 84 years who had HbA1c measurements taken between 2010 and 2014 were identified as the base cohort, with 12 contemporaneous cohorts created based on varying HbA1c thresholds (ie, 6.1%, 6.3%, 6.5%, and 6.7%) and prior diabetes status. Data analysis was conducted from August 2018 to September 2019.Main outcomes and measuresNew cases of pancreatic cancer identified through cancer registry and California death files during a 3-year period. Three-year risk, incidence rate, sensitivity, number of patients needed to screen to detect 1 case, timing, and stage at diagnosis were determined.ResultsAmong 851 402 patients in the base cohort, 447 502 (52.5%) were women, 255 441 (30.0%) were Hispanic participants, 383 685 (45.1%) were non-Hispanic white participants, 100 477 (11.8%) were Asian participants, and 88 969 (10.4%) were non-Hispanic black participants, with a median (interquartile range) age of 62 (56-69) years and a median (interquartile range) HbA1c level of 6.0% (5.7%-6.6%). The incidence rate of pancreatic cancer was 0.45 (95% CI, 0.43-0.49) per 1000 person-years. After excluding prior diabetes as well as confirmation of new-onset hyperglycemia based on an HbA1c level of 6.5%, a total of 20 012 patients remained, with 74 of 1041 pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma cases (7.1%) from the base cohort included. The rate of pancreatic cancer was 0.72 (95% CI, 0.32-1.42) per 1000 person-years among Asian patients, 0.83 (95% CI, 0.35-1.71) per 1000 person-years among non-Hispanic black patients, 0.84 (95% CI, 0.48-1.37) per 1000 person-years among Hispanic patients, and 2.37 (95% CI, 1.75-3.14) per 1000 person-years among non-Hispanic white patients. Overall, 42 of 74 cancers (56.8%) were diagnosed within 1 year of the index laboratory test. Among 1041 total cases, 708 (68.0%) had staging information available, of whom 465 (65.7%) had stage III or IV disease at diagnosis. In the base cohort, the number needed to undergo evaluation to identify a single case of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma was 818 (95% CI, 770-869), with estimates ranging from 206 (95% CI, 160-264) to 600 (95% CI, 540-666) in the subcohorts.Conclusions and relevanceThe findings of this study suggest that screening patients for pancreatic cancer based solely on elevation in HbA1c level is unlikely to represent an effective strategy. Future efforts to identify a high-risk population based on changes in glycemic parameters should account for racial/ethnic differences.
| S-EPMC7292999 | biostudies-literature
Project description:It has been suggested that the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has had a negative impact on glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). However, no study has examined yearly trends in glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels after the start of the COVID-19 outbreak. Here, we performed a retrospective analysis of HbA1c concentrations during the early period of the COVID-19 outbreak (COVID-19 cohort) and then compared the yearly trend in the mean HbA1c level, along with fluctuations in HbA1c levels, with those during previous years (non-COVID-19 cohorts). We observed that the mean HbA1c level in patients with T2DM increased during the first 6 months of the COVID-19 outbreak. After 6 months, HbA1c levels in the COVID-19 cohort returned to levels seen in the non-COVID-19 cohorts. The data suggest that vulnerable patients with T2DM should be monitored closely during the early period of a pandemic to ensure they receive appropriate care.
| S-EPMC8566134 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundThis study was aimed to determine whether incident dementia and HbA1c levels are associated with increased rates of potentially preventable hospitalizations (PPHs) in persons with diabetes.MethodA total of 565 adults aged 65+ ever treated for diabetes were enrolled from Adult Changes in Thought study. PPHs were from principal discharge diagnoses and included diabetes PPH (dPPH), respiratory PPH (rPPH), urinovolemic PPH (uPPH), cardiovascular PPH, and other PPH. Poisson generalized estimating equations estimated rate ratios (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the associations between dementia or HbA1c measures and rate of PPHs.ResultsA total of 562 individuals contributed 3 602 dementia-free years, and 132 individuals contributed 511 dementia follow-up years. One hundred twenty-eight (23%) dementia-free individuals had 210 PPH admissions and a crude rate of 58 per 1 000 person-years, while 55 (42%) individuals with dementia had 93 PPH admissions and a crude rate of 182 per 1 000 person-years. The adjusted RR (95% CI) comparing rates between dementia and dementia-free groups were 2.27 (1.60, 3.21) for overall PPH; 5.90 (2.70, 12.88) for dPPH; 5.17 (2.49, 10.73) for uPPH; and 2.01 (1.06, 3.83) for rPPH. Compared with HbA1c of 7%-8% and adjusted for dementia, the RR (95% CI) for overall PPH was 1.43 (1.00, 2.06) for >8% HbA1c and 1.18 (0.85, 1.65) for <7% HbA1c. The uPPH RR was also increased, comparing >8% and <7% HbA1c levels.ConclusionIncident dementia is associated with higher rates of PPHs among people with diabetes, especially PPHs due to diabetes, urinary tract infection (UTI), and dehydration. Potential evidence suggested that HbA1c levels of >8% versus lower levels are associated with higher rates of overall PPHs and UTI- and dehydration-related PPHs.
| S-EPMC8514059 | biostudies-literature