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Perceived role of hot food in the pathogenesis of oesophageal cancer: a qualitative study in the Arsi Zone, Oromia, Central Ethiopia.

ABSTRACT: Observational studies in Ethiopia have identified a positive association between hot wheat porridge consumption and oesophageal carcinoma. However, a single dietary intake cannot be a sufficient predictor of cancer among populations that have diverse dietary practices. The present study was carried out to explore the community's perspectives on the role of hot foods in the pathogenesis of oesophageal cancer in Ethiopia. Focus group discussions were conducted from May to August 2019 among purposefully selected 112 participants. Data were collected by using open-ended questions; memo writing, audio recordings and photo pictures. All tape-recorded interviews were transcribed verbatim and inductively coded using Atlas.ti Version 7.0.71 software. Finally, the analysis was performed according to the standard thematic framework analysis techniques. The finding showed that hot foods (porridge, coffee and soup) consumption patterns were perceived as the principal dietary risk of oesophageal cancer. Cooking in unventilated rooms, monotonous cereal-based foods, poor vegetable, and fruit intake, not taking milk with porridge, eating fast, swallowing large bolus of hot porridge and exposure to carcinogens in foods were regarded as predisposing dietary practices to oesophageal carcinoma. Socio-demographic, economic and cultural backgrounds were reported as the underlying risk factors associated with oesophageal cancer. There was a strong perception within the community that oesophageal cancer is linked to several but sequentially interlinked dietary and related practices. Cumulative thermal injuries from the consumptions of hot food could be the immediate dietary risk factors associated with increased risk of oesophageal cancer.

SUBMITTER: Deybasso HA

PROVIDER: S-EPMC8057510 | biostudies-literature |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Project description:BackgroundTrachoma is a public health issue in more than 50 nations worldwide, mainly in Sub-Saharan Africa, where hundreds of millions of people are considered blind. Ethiopia is projected to have 30% of the global active trachoma burden. The frequency of Trachoma Folliculitis in children aged 1 to 9 years old is 30% in the Oromia Region. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of active trachoma and associated variables among children aged 1 to 9 years old in Arsi Negele Town, West Arsi Zone, Oromia Regional State, Southern Ethiopia, December 24-26, 2019.MethodsA community-based cross-sectional study was conducted in the Arsi Negele town community on December 24-26, 2019. A total of 178 study volunteers were recruited using a single population proportion formula and assigned to families in the town's three kebeles in proportion. A simple random selection procedure was used to choose study participants from the identified households. Madda Walabu University provided ethical approval, and different government structures provided letters of permission. Pre-tested structured questionnaires and binocular loupes X 2.5 were used to collect data from either mothers or fathers of eligible children for eye examination; torches with bottles of alcohol were used to gather data from either mothers or fathers of eligible children for eye examination. For analysis, data was entered into (IBM, SPSS) version 22. To assess factors associated with active trachoma, bivariate and multivariable logistic regressions were used. The crude and adjusted odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals were calculated to investigate the degree of association between the independent variables and active trachoma. Multivariate logistic regression was used to find connections between dependent and independent variables with a p≤ 0.05 confidence levels and a 95% confidence interval.ResultThe prevalence of active trachoma was determined to be 21.91% TF among 178 children aged 1 to 9 years. Flies on children's faces (AOR = 3.427; 95 percent CI: 1.432-8.171), unclean children's faces (AOR = 3.99; 95 percent CI: 1.427-11.158), face washing habits (AOR = 3.064; 95 percent CI: 1.273-7.373), and not using soap while face washing (AOR = 4.564; 95 percent CI 1.561-13.342) were found to be statistically significant associated factors with the prevalence of active trachoma.ConclusionThe prevalence of active trachoma was found to be relatively high. Face washing practices and the lack of soap use while washing faces were found as associated factors requiring optimal interventions to prevent trachoma infection among children aged 1-9 years in Arsi Negele town.

Project description:ObjectiveThe study aimed to assess the magnitude and factors associated with comprehensive knowledge of HIV/AIDS among pregnant mothers attending antenatal care (ANC) services at health institutions in Arsi zone, Oromia Regional State, Ethiopia.MethodsThe study employed a health facility-based cross-sectional study design from 18 March to 25 June 2019. Out of an estimated sample size of 4481, a total of 4440 (92.23%) pregnant women were selected by multistage random sampling technique and interviewed. Multivariable binary logistic regression was used to identify the factors associated with comprehensive knowledge of HIV/AIDS. The model fitness was tested by Hosmer and Lemeshow goodness of fit, which provided a p value of 0.72 and deviance reduced (i.e., -2log likelihood was reduced from 5580.38 to 5069.55 with a p value of 0.000).ResultsOut of the total mothers (4440) interviewed, only 1430 (32.2%; 95% confidence interval: (30.83%, 33.60%)) had comprehensive knowledge about HIV/AIDS. Not knowing safe period to be pregnant (adjusted odds ratio = 0.67; 95% confidence interval: 0.56, 0.81), and not empowering women's for sexual practice (adjusted odds ratio = 0.50; 95% confidence interval: 0.43, 0.58) let women have less comprehensive knowledge while women who never educated about the sexual matter (adjusted odds ratio = 1.65; 95% confidence interval: 1.42, 1.92), who had a discouraging attitude toward having multiple partners (adjusted odds ratio = 1.53; 95% confidence interval: 1.24, 1.88), who had a discouraging attitude toward premarital sex (adjusted odds ratio = 1.68; 95% confidence interval: 1.38, 2.03), and who had a positive attitude toward accepting HIV/AIDS patients (2.69; 95% confidence interval: 2.34, 3.10) had more comprehensive knowledge of HIV/AIDS.ConclusionOnly about one-third (32.2%) of pregnant mothers on ANC follow-up had comprehensive knowledge. Thus, it would be better if the health institutions emphasize educating the mothers attending antenatal care follow-up about HIV/AIDS, for those who do not know pregnancy occurrence date, not empowered of sexual practice, and had an encouraging attitude toward multiple partners, premarital sex, and negative attitude toward accepting HIV/AIDS patients.

Project description:BackgroundMalaria is a major global public health problem, with a particular burden of disease in sub-Saharan Africa including Ethiopia. Access to Long Lasting Insecticide Nets (LLINs) for at-risk populations, ensuring its appropriate utilization and identifying the barriers are important for malaria prevention, control and elimination. This study aimed to assess coverage, utilization and associated factors of Long Lasting Insecticide Nets (LLINs) among households in the Arsi Zone of Oromia Region, Ethiopia.MethodsCommunity-based cross-sectional study was conducted from October to December 2021. Multi-stage sampling technique was used to recruit 1250 households from five districts out of 21 Malarious districts in the Zone. Proportional allocations of households were done in each sampled kebeles and simple random sampling was used to draw the study participants. Data were collected by trained data collectors using a pre-tested structured questionnaire and observation. The collected data were exported to and analyzed using SPSS version 23. Variables with a p-value below 0.2 at bivariable logistic regression analysis were entered into the multivariable logistic regression model. We presented findings using an adjusted odds ratio with 95%CI at a p-value of less than 0.05.ResultsOut of the total of 1250 households 99.5% of surveyed owned LLINs and 27.1% of them had slept under the net the night before the survey. The factors associated with LLIN usage included being in the age range of 40 to 49 years (AOR; 1.82, 95%CI 1.01-3.25), preference for conical-shaped LLINs (AOR = 2.36; 95% CI: 1.33-4.18), not believing LLINs expired within 6 months (AOR 3.75, 95% CI 2.31-6.09), reporting a mosquito bite as a mode of malaria transmission (AOR = 2.46; 95%CI: 1.01-5.98), employed (AOR = 9.0; 95%CI: (4.22-20.02) and type of sleeping bed (AOR =: 17.4; 95% CI, 11.74-26.03). On the other hand, households with two and above sleeping rooms were less likely to use LLINs (AOR = 0.46; (95% CI: 0.23-0.88).ConclusionEven though the ownership of Long Lasting Insecticidal Nets was high, the actual utilization was very low. Promoting the usage of LLINs utilization among those at most risk, through intensified health education activities will be helpful.

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Perceived role of hot food in the pathogenesis of oesophageal cancer: a qualitative study in the Arsi Zone, Oromia, Central Ethiopia.

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