COVID-19 and Catatonia: A Case Series and Systematic Review of Existing Literature.
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ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Scheiner NS
PROVIDER: S-EPMC8057689 | biostudies-literature |
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
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Project description:BackgroundCoronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) cholangiopathy is a recently known entity. There are very few reports of liver transplantation (LT) for COVID-19-induced cholangiopathy. It is well known that vaccines can prevent severe disease and improve outcomes. However, there are no reports on the impact of COVID-19 vaccines on cholestasis. Therefore, we aimed to compare the course and outcome of patients who developed cholestasis following COVID-19 infection among vaccinated and unvaccinated individuals. Methods: Patients diagnosed with post-COVID cholestasis during the pandemic were included in the study after excluding other causes of cholestasis.ResultsEight unvaccinated and seven vaccinated individuals developed cholestasis following COVID-19 infection. Baseline demographics, presentation, severity, and management of COVID-19 were similar in both groups. However, patients in the unvaccinated group had a protracted course. The peak ALP was 312 (239-517) U/L in the vaccinated group and 571.5 (368-1058) U/L in the unvaccinated group (P = 0.02). Similarly, the peak γ-glutamyl transpeptidase values were lower in the vaccinated (325 [237-600] U/L) than in the unvaccinated group (832 [491-1640] U/L; P = 0.004). However, the peak values of total bilirubin, transaminases, and INR were similar in both groups. Five patients developed ascites gradually in the unvaccinated group whereas none in the vaccinated group developed ascites. Plasma exchange was done in five patients, and two were successfully bridged to living donor LT in the unvaccinated group. Only two patients recovered with conservative management in the unvaccinated group, whereas all recovered with conservative management in the vaccinated group. The other four patients in the unvaccinated group were planned for LT.ConclusionPost-COVID-19 cholestasis is associated with high morbidity and mortality, meriting early identification and appropriate management. Vaccination can modify the course of severe COVID-19 infection and improve outcomes.
| S-EPMC9187855 | biostudies-literature
Project description:COVID-19 infection has a broad spectrum of severity ranging from an asymptomatic form to a severe acute respiratory syndrome that requires mechanical ventilation. Starting with the description of our case series, we evaluated the clinical presentation and evolution of COVID-19. This article is addressed particularly to physicians caring for patients with COVID-19 in their clinical practice. The intent is to identify the subjects in whom the infection is most likely to evolve and the best methods of management in the early phase of infection to determine which patients should be hospitalized and which could be monitored at home. Asymptomatic patients should be followed to evaluate the appearance of symptoms. Patients with mild symptoms lasting more than a week, and without evidence of pneumonia, can be managed at home. Patients with evidence of pulmonary involvement, especially in patients over 60 years of age, and/or with a comorbidity, and/or with the presence of severe extrapulmonary manifestations, should be admitted to a hospital for careful clinical-laboratory monitoring.
| S-EPMC7399865 | biostudies-literature
Project description:During the current COVID pandemic, there is growing interest to identify subsets of the population that may be at a higher than average risk of infection. One such group includes people living with HIV.
| S-EPMC7753685 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Literature on COVID-19-associated pulmonary mucormycosis (CAPM) is sparse. Pulmonary artery pseudoaneurysm (PAP) is an uncommon complication of pulmonary mucormycosis (PM), and rarely reported in CAPM. Herein, we report five cases of CAPM with PAP managed at our center and perform a systematic review of the literature. We diagnosed PM in those with clinico-radiological suspicion and confirmed it by microbiology or histopathology. We encountered five cases of CAPM with PAP (size ranged from 1 × 0.8 cm to ~ 4.9 × 4.8 cm). All subjects had diabetes and were aged 55-62 years (75% men). In two cases, COVID-19 and mucormycosis were diagnosed simultaneously, while in three others, COVID-19 preceded PM. One subject who underwent surgery survived, while all others died (80% mortality). From our systematic review, we identified one additional case of CAPM with PAP in a transplant recipient. CAPM with PAP is rare with high mortality. Early diagnosis and multimodality management are imperative to improve outcomes.
| S-EPMC8692820 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundGlobally, schistosomiasis affects at least 240 million people each year with a high proportion of cases in sub-Saharan Africa. The infection presents a wide range of symptoms mainly at the gastrointestinal and urogenital level. Cases of schistosomiasis-related appendicitis are seldom reported. The aim of the present study is to identify the prevalence of schistosomiasis-related appendicitis in Beira, Mozambique and compare to global prevalence.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed all cases of appendicitis recorded from January 2017 to March 2020 at a single pathology department located in Beira in order to assess the prevalence of schistosomiasis. Moreover, we performed a systematic review on the prevalence of schistosomiasis-related appendicitis in all countries.FindingsA total of 145 appendicitis cases in Beira showed a 13.1% prevalence of schistosomal-related appendicitis. The mean age of patients was 29.1 years, and 14 (73.7%) were male. The systematic review identified 20 studies with 34,790 inpatients with schistosomiasis-related appendicitis with a global prevalence of 1.31% (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.72 to 2.06); a high heterogeneity (I2 = 96.0%) was observed. Studies carried out in Africa reported a significantly higher prevalence of schistosomiasis-related appendicitis (2.75%; 95% CI: 1.28 to 4.68) than those in Middle East (0.49%; 95% CI: 0.18 to 0.95) (p for interaction < 0.0001).ConclusionsSchistosomiasis infection should be considered as possible cause of appendicitis not only in endemic areas but also in developed countries. Considering that prevention is the best way to control the infection, more efforts should be put in place in order to increase the prevention coverage and avoid the cascading implications for health. This is even more so important in this Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) era where the majority of attention and funds are used to fight the pandemic.
| S-EPMC8224979 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Vasculitis is one of the complications of COVID-19. We conducted a systematic review analysing the association of COVID-19 with vasculitis. We searched Google Scholar and PubMed from December 1, 2019, to October 11, 2021. The review included 8 studies (7 case reports and 1 case series) reporting 9 cases of vasculitis secondary to COVID-19. The mean age was 29.17 ± 28.2 years, ranging from 6 months to 83 years. The male to female ratio was 4:5. Maculopapular, violaceous, papular and erythematous rash were common. Heparin(n = 2), corticosteroids (n = 6) (methylprednisolone) and intravenous immunoglobulin (n = 4) were prescribed in these patients. Significant clinical improvement was observed in 8 out of 9 patients. One person died during treatment. Our study discusses vasculitis as one of the complications of COVID-19. Furthermore, the pathophysiology, clinical presentation, and management of COVID-19 associated vasculitis is discussed.
| S-EPMC8754903 | biostudies-literature
Project description:The novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2) infection has been predominantly linked to respiratory distress syndrome, but gastrointestinal symptoms and hepatic injury have also been reported. The mechanism of liver injury is poorly understood and may result as a consequence of viral hepatitis, systemic inflammatory response, gut barrier and microbiome alterations, intensive care treatment or drug toxicity. The incidence of hepatopathy among patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is unclear, but studies have reported liver injury in patients with SARS and Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS). We aimed to systematically review data on the prevalence of hepatic impairments and their clinical course in SARS and MERS Coronaviridae infections. A systematic literature search (PubMed/Embase/Cinahl/Web of Science) according to preferred reporting items for systematic review and meta-analysis protocols (PRISMA) was conducted from database inception until 17/03/2020 for studies that evaluated the incidence of hepatic abnormalities in SARS CoV-1, SARS CoV-2 and MERS infected patients with reported liver-related parameters. A total of forty-three studies were included. Liver anomalies were predominantly mild to moderately elevated transaminases, hypoalbuminemia and prolongation of prothrombin time. Histopathology varied between non-specific inflammation, mild steatosis, congestion and massive necrosis. More studies to elucidate the mechanism and importance of liver injury on the clinical course and prognosis in patients with novel SARS-CoV-2 infection are warranted.
| S-EPMC7290752 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundSince the emergence of COVID-19 pandemic, several cases of cerebral venous sinus thrombosis (CVST) have been reported in SARS-CoV-2 infected individuals.MethodsConsecutive patients with documented SARS-CoV-2 infection, as well as clinical and radiological characteristics of CVST, were reported from three teaching hospitals in the South West, North West, and the center of Iran between June and July 2020. We also searched the abstract archives until the end of August 2020 and gathered 28 reported cases. The diagnostic criteria for SARS-CoV-2 infection were determined according to SARS-CoV-2 detection in oropharyngeal or nasopharyngeal samples in clinically suspected patients. Demographics, prominent COVID-19 symptoms, confirmatory tests for SARS-CoV-2 infection diagnosis, the interval between the diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 infection and CVST, clinical and radiological features of CVST, therapeutic strategies, CVST outcomes, rate of hemorrhagic transformation, and mortality rate were investigated.ResultsSix patients (31-62 years-old) with confirmed CVST and SARS-CoV-2 infection were admitted to our centers. Four patients had no respiratory symptoms of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Five patients developed the clinical manifestations of CVST and SARS-CoV-2 infection simultaneously. Three patients had known predisposing factors for CVST. Despite receiving CVST and SARS-CoV-2 infection treatments, four patients died. SARS-COV-2 associated CVST patients were older (49.26 vs. 37.77 years-old), had lower female/male ratio (1.42 vs. 2.19), and higher mortality rate (35.29% vs. 6.07%) than CVST not associated with COVID-19.ConclusionsThe role of SARS-CoV-2 as a "cause" versus an "additive contributor" remains to be elucidated. Practitioners should be aware of the possibility of CVST in SARS-CoV-2 infection.
| S-EPMC7897893 | biostudies-literature
Project description:COVID-19 has been associated with a hypercoagulable state causing cardiovascular and neurovascular complications. To further characterize cerebrovascular disease (CVD) in COVID-19, we review the current literature of published cases and additionally report the clinical presentation, laboratory and diagnostic testing results of 12 cases with COVID-19 infection and concurrent CVD from two academic medical centers in Houston, TX, USA, between March 1 and May 10, 2020. To date, there are 12 case studies reporting 47 cases of CVD in COVID-19. However, only 4 small case series have described the clinical and laboratory findings in patients with COVID-19 and concurrent stroke. Viral neurotropism, endothelial dysfunction, coagulopathy and inflammation are plausible proposed mechanisms of CVD in COVID-19 patients. In our case series of 12 patients, 10 patients had an ischemic stroke, of which 1 suffered hemorrhagic transformation and two had intracerebral hemorrhage. Etiology was determined to be embolic without a clear cause identified in 6 ischemic stroke patients, while the remaining had an identifiable source of stroke. The majority of the patients had elevated inflammatory markers such as D-dimer and interleukin-6. In patients with embolic stroke of unclear etiology, COVID-19 may have played a direct or indirect role in the processes that eventually led to the strokes while in the remaining cases, it is unclear if infection contributed partially or was an incidental finding.
| S-EPMC7325208 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundSevere acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-cov-2), first described in December 2019, has now infected more than 28 million cases with almost one million deaths. Reinfection is not definitely established however disease recurrence is increasingly reported.Cases presentationFour patients presented with a second episode of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) occurring 27-85 following their first illness. The initial episode was mild or asymptomatic while the second attack was severe requiring hospital admission. All four patients had a SARS-CoV-2 PCR test positive in the second episode. The chest-X-ray and/or computerized tomography (CT) scan showed bilateral alveolar shadows. Furthermore, the inflammatory markers were raised in the four patients. Three patients recovered following treatment with favipravir in addition tocilizumab and/or dexamethasone.ConclusionCovid19 reinfection Recurrent COVID-19 is increasingly reported. However; other etiologies including superadded infection or pulmonary embolism should be ruled out, particularly if recurrence occurs less than 3 weeks.
| S-EPMC7834000 | biostudies-literature