Browse
Submit Data
Databases
API
Help

Dataset Information

24 Views

0 Connections

0 Citations

0 Reanalyses

0 Downloads

Omics score: 0

Toxicity of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs): A review.

ABSTRACT: Gold nanoparticles are a kind of nanomaterials that have received great interest in field of biomedicine due to their electrical, mechanical, thermal, chemical and optical properties. With these great potentials came the consequence of their interaction with biological tissues and molecules which presents the possibility of toxicity. This paper aims to consolidate and bring forward the studies performed that evaluate the toxicological aspect of AuNPs which were categorized into in vivo and in vitro studies. Both indicate to some extent oxidative damage to tissues and cell lines used in vivo and in vitro respectively with the liver, spleen and kidney most affected. The outcome of these review showed small controversy but however, the primary toxicity and its extent is collectively determined by the characteristics, preparations and physicochemical properties of the NPs. Some studies have shown that AuNPs are not toxic, though many other studies contradict this statement. In order to have a holistic inference, more studies are required that will focus on characterization of NPs and changes of physical properties before and after treatment with biological media. So also, they should incorporate controlled experiment which includes supernatant control Since most studies dwell on citrate or CTAB-capped AuNPs, there is the need to evaluate the toxicity and pharmacokinetics of functionalized AuNPs with their surface composition which in turn affects their toxicity. Functionalizing the NPs surface with more peculiar ligands would however help regulate and detoxify the uptake of these NPs.

SUBMITTER: Sani A

PROVIDER: S-EPMC8063742 | biostudies-literature |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

ACCESS DATA

Json Xml

Similar Datasets

Surface Functionalities of Gold Nanoparticles (AuNPs) Impacts Embryonic Gene Expression Responses

2012-01-31 | GSE30275 | GEO

Mimosine functionalized gold nanoparticles (Mimo-AuNPs) suppress β-amyloid aggregation and neuronal toxicity.

Project description:Evidence suggests that increased level/aggregation of beta-amyloid (Aβ) peptides initiate neurodegeneration and subsequent development of Alzheimer's disease (AD). At present, there is no effective treatment for AD. In this study, we reported the effects of gold nanoparticles surface-functionalized with a plant-based amino acid mimosine (Mimo-AuNPs), which is found to cross the blood-brain barrier, on the Aβ fibrillization process and toxicity. Thioflavin T kinetic assays, fluorescence imaging and electron microscopy data showed that Mimo-AuNPs were able to suppress the spontaneous and seed-induced Aβ1-42 aggregation. Spectroscopic studies, molecular docking and biochemical analyses further revealed that Mimo-AuNPs stabilize Aβ1-42 to remain in its monomeric state by interacting with the hydrophobic domain of Aβ1-42 (i.e., Lys16 to Ala21) there by preventing a conformational shift towards the β-sheet structure. Additionally, Mimo-AuNPs were found to trigger the disassembly of matured Aβ1-42 fibers and increased neuronal viability by reducing phosphorylation of tau protein and the production of oxyradicals. Collectively, these results reveal that the surface-functionalization of gold nanoparticles with mimosine can attenuate Aβ fibrillization and neuronal toxicity. Thus, we propose Mimo-AuNPs may be used as a potential treatment strategy towards AD-related pathologies.

| S-EPMC8131740 | biostudies-literature

Surface Functionalities of Gold Nanoparticles (AuNPs) Impacts Embryonic Gene Expression Responses

Project description:Investigation of whole genome expression pattern of 24 and 48 hours post fertilization Danio Rerio embryos exposed to 1.5nm MES- and TMAT- AuNPs. TMAT is a positively charged (cationic) ligand, and MES is a negatively charged (anionic) ligand. Embryos were exposed to 10ug/mL of 1.5nm TMAT-AuNPs, 50ug/mL of 1.5nm MES-AuNPs or control from 6hpf to 24 or 48 hpf. Three replicates were collected for each time point. 40 embryos were pooled to comprise a replicate.

2012-01-31 | E-GEOD-30275 | biostudies-arrayexpress

Inhibition of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) on pathogenic biofilm formation and invasion to host cells.

Project description:Owing to the growing infectious diseases caused by eukaryotic and prokaryotic pathogens, it is urgent to develop novel antimicrobial agents against clinical pathogenic infections. Biofilm formation and invasion into the host cells are vital processes during pathogenic colonization and infection. In this study, we tested the inhibitory effect of Au nanoparticles (AuNPs) on pathogenic growth, biofilm formation and invasion. Interestingly, although the synthesized AuNPs had no significant toxicity to the tested pathogens, Candida albicans and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, the nanoparticles strongly inhibited pathogenic biofilm formation and invasion to dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs). Further investigations revealed that AuNPs abundantly bound to the pathogen cells, which likely contributed to their inhibitory effect on biofilm formation and invasion. Moreover, treatment of AuNPs led to activation of immune response-related genes in DPSCs, which may enhance the activity of host immune system against the pathogens. Zeta potential analysis and polyethylene glycol (PEG)/polyethyleneimine (PEI) coating tests further showed that the interaction between pathogen cells and AuNPs is associated with electrostatic attractions. Our findings shed novel light on the application of nanomaterials in fighting against clinical pathogens, and imply that the traditional growth inhibition test is not the only way to evaluate the drug effect during the screening of antimicrobial agents.

| S-EPMC4879543 | biostudies-literature

Even lobar deposition of poorly soluble gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) is similar to that of soluble silver nanoparticles (AgNPs).

Project description:BackgroundInformation on particle deposition, retention, and clearance is important when evaluating the risk of inhaled nanomaterials to human health. The revised Organization Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) inhalation toxicity test guidelines now require lung burden measurements of nanomaterials after rodent subacute and sub-chronic inhalation exposure (OECD 412, OECD 413) to inform on lung clearance behavior and translocation after exposure and during post-exposure observation (PEO). Lung burden measurements are particularly relevant when the testing chemical is a solid poorly soluble nanomaterial. Previously, the current authors showed that total retained lung burden of inhaled soluble silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) could be effectively measured using any individual lung lobe.Methods and resultsAccordingly, the current study investigated the evenness of deposition/retention of poorly soluble gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) after 1 and 5?days of inhalation exposure. Rats were exposed nose-only for 1 or 5?days (6?h/day) to an aerosol of 11?nm well-dispersed AuNPs. Thereafter, the five lung lobes were separated and the gold concentrations measured using an inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrophotometer (ICP-MS). The results showed no statistically significant difference in the AuNP deposition/retention among the different lung lobes in terms of the gold mass per gram of lung tissue.ConclusionsThus, it would seem that any rat lung lobe can be used for the lung burden analysis after short or long-term NP inhalation, while the other lobes can be used for collecting and analyzing the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and for the histopathological analysis. Therefore, combining the lung burden measurement, histopathological tissue preparation, and BALF assay from one rat can minimize the number of animals used and maximize the number of endpoints measured.

| S-EPMC7574491 | biostudies-literature

Microarray analysis of Arabidopsis under gold exposure to identify putative genes involved in the synthesis of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs).

Project description:Very little is known about the genes responsible for Au uptake, reduction and detoxification in plants, which indeed essential to understand the complex trait of AuNP biosynthesis. We designed a targeted experiment to elucidate the response of plant at transcriptional level under Au exposure, and a microarray was performed on root tissue treated with AuCl4 (-) in the absence of nutrient media to record specific gene expression signature. Here, we describe the experimental procedures and data analysis in detail to reproduce the results (available at GEO database under GSE55436) published by Shukla et al. (2014) [1] in the Frontiers in Plant Sciences. The data produced from this study provide significant information of genes which may be used to enhance the AuNP biosynthesis.

| S-EPMC4536028 | biostudies-literature

Visual detection of tropomyosin, a major shrimp allergenic protein using gold nanoparticles (AuNPs)-assisted colorimetric aptasensor

Project description:A gold nanoparticle-based label-free colorimetric assay was developed to detect the shrimp allergenic protein tropomyosin (TM), an important biomarker responsible for severe clinical reactivity to shellfish. In a gold nanoparticles (AuNPs)-tropomyosin-binding aptamer (TMBA) complex, the aptamer adsorbs onto the surface of AuNPs and dissociates in the presence of TM. In addition, AuNPs tend to aggregate in the presence of ionic salt, revealing a color change (i.e., wine-red to purple/blue) with a shift in the maximum absorption peak from 520 nm. In the presence of specific binding TM, the aptamer folds into a tertiary structure where it more efficiently stabilizes AuNPs toward the salt-induced aggregation with a hypsochromic shift in the absorption spectra compared to the stabilized AuNPs by aptamer alone. Based on the aggregation and sensitive spectral transformation principle, the AuNPs-based colorimetric aptasensor was successfully applied to detect TM with a range of 10–200 nmol/L and a low detection limit of 40 nmol/L in water samples. The reliability, selectivity, and sensitivity of the aptasensor was then tested with food samples spiked with TM. The observed detection limit was as low as 70 nmol/L in shrimp, 90 nmol/L in tofu, and 80 nmol/L in eggs, respectively. We anticipate the proposed AuNPs-based colorimetric aptasensor assay possesses a high potential for the easy and efficient visual colorimetric detection of TM. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s42995-020-00085-5.

| S-EPMC10077205 | biostudies-literature

Understanding toxicity pathways of gold nanoparticles: RNA expression study on Caco-2 human colon carcinoma cells

Project description:A safer design and higher eficacy of nano-gold therapeutic formulations requires examination of cellular responses to gold nanoparticles (AuNPs). In this work we compared cellular uptake, cytotoxicity and RNA expression patterns induced in Caco-2 cells of citrate-stabilized Au NP of two different sizes (5 and 30 nm). The toxicity was measured with Colony Forming Efficiency (CFE) and Trypan Blue assays at 24 and 72 h after exposure to AuNPs in the 10 - 300 mM range. Toxicity was observed only in the CFE assay, at 200 and 300 mM exposure levels, and exclusively for smaller AuNPs size. Cellular internalization was dose and time-dependent for both AuNPs. The most pronounced changes in gene expression, evaluated with Agilent microarrays, were detected at 72 h (300 mM) for 5 nm AuNPs, with 103 up and 708 down regulated transcripts. For 30 nm AuNPs, only 4 gene transcripts were repressed under these conditions. The biological processes affected by 5 nm AuNPs were: RNA/zinc ion/transition metal ion binding (decreased), cadmium/copper ion binding and glutathione metabolism (increased). Some Nrf2 responsive genes (several metallothioneins, HMOX, G6PD, OSGIN1 and GPX2) were highly up regulated. Members of the selenoproteins (SELT, SELK, 15 kDa selenoprotein, SEPP1 and GPX2) were also differentially expressed. Our findings indicate that at high concentrations, smaller AuNPs can induce metal exposure and oxidative stress signaling pathways, and might influence selenium homeostasis. Therefore, some observed effects associated with nano-gold cytotoxicity can be further explored as potential enhancers of anti-cancer properties of already existing AuNPs based nanomedicin.

2015-01-22 | GSE55349 | GEO

Understanding toxicity pathways of gold nanoparticles: RNA expression study on Caco-2 human colon carcinoma cells

2015-01-22 | E-GEOD-55349 | biostudies-arrayexpress

Synergistic Use of Gold Nanoparticles (AuNPs) and "Capillary Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA)" for High Sensitivity and Fast Assays.

Project description:Using gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) on "capillary enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)", we produced highly sensitive and rapid assays, which are the major attributes for point-of-care applications. First, in order to understand the size effect of AuNPs, AuNPs of varying diameters (5 nm, 10 nm, 15 nm, 20 nm, 30 nm, and 50 nm) conjugated with Horseradish Peroxidase (HRP)-labeled anti-C reactive protein (antiCRP) (AuNP•antiCRP-HRP) were used for well-plate ELISA. AuNP of 10 nm produced the largest optical density, enabling detection of 0.1 ng/mL of CRP with only 30 s of incubation, in contrast to 10 ng/mL for the ELISA run in the absence of AuNP. Then, AuNP of 10 nm conjugated with antiCRP-HRP (AuNP•antiCRP-HRP) was used for "capillary ELISA" to detect as low as 0.1 ng/mL of CRP. Also, kinetic study on both 96-well plates and in a capillary tube using antiCRP-HRP or AuNP•antiCRP-HRP showed a synergistic effect between AuNP and the capillary system, in which the fastest assay was observed from the "AuNP capillary ELISA", with its maximum absorbance reaching 2.5 min, while the slowest was the typical well-plate ELISA with its maximum absorbance reaching in 13.5 min.

| S-EPMC5795359 | biostudies-literature

OmicsDI is part of the ELIXIR infrastructure

OmicsDI is an Elixir interoperability service. Learn more ›

Tweets

OmicsDI Databases

PRIDE
PeptideAtlas
MassIVE
JPOST Repository
Physiome Model Repository

EGA
EVA
ENA
LINCS
PAXDB
Cell Collective

MetaboLights
Metabolomics Workbench
MetabolomeExpress
GNPS
BioModels
FAIRDOMHub

ArrayExpress
dbGaP
ExpressionAtlas
GEO
NODE

Information

Databases
Help
API
Contact us
Code on GitHub
Terms of use
Submit Data