The Efficacy of Primavera, a Prevention Programme on Alcohol and Tobacco Use among 10-12-Year-Old Schoolchildren: A Randomized Controlled Cluster Study.
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SUBMITTER: Diaz Gomez C
PROVIDER: S-EPMC8067627 | biostudies-literature |
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
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Project description:BackgroundThe aim of this cluster-randomised, controlled study was to examine whether a teacher-led multifactorial back education programme could improve back pain in pupils, motor skills, back behaviour, and back knowledge over a 10-month period.MethodsThere were 176 children from two schools, who were cluster-randomised into intervention and control groups. The intervention programme consisted of 3 parts: 1) knowledge improvement, 2) posture awareness training, and 3) reducing imbalance of core muscles through mandatory back and abdominal muscle exercises at the beginning of each physical education lesson. Outcome measures included a clinical orthopaedic examination, a health questionnaire, a motor test, a back-behaviour trial, and a knowledge test.ResultsClinical examination showed a reduction of orthopaedic abnormalities in both groups, from 90.5 to 42%, with a posture test showing an improvement in both groups at the post-test. However, the rate of children reporting back pain at least once a month could not be reduced below 30%. Long lasting physical activity, carrying heavy schoolbags, and long periods of sitting were the top three causes for back pain. Push-up number and balancing skills improved significantly in both groups from pre- to post-test. In the water crate carrying task and knowledge test, only the intervention group (IG) showed a statistically significant improvement from pre- to post-test.ConclusionsThe results show that back pain rate could not be decreased. However, back care knowledge and parts of back-friendly behaviour could be significantly improved. On the other hand, the problem of prolonged sitting and using heavy schoolbags persists.Trial registrationDeutsches Register Klinische Studien DRKS00013794 ; Date of Registration: 15.1.2018; Retrospectively registered.
| S-EPMC6158865 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundTo assess the prevalence and severity of caries in 12- and 15-year-old schoolchildren, and to analyse the related risk factors.MethodsWe conducted a cross-sectional study on a random sample of 1843 schoolchildren aged 12 and 15 from Galicia (northwest of Spain). Self-administered questionnaire and dental clinical examination were performed to obtain information about oral health habits, dental caries and oral hygiene. A logistic regression model including dental-caries-related variables was generated for each age group.ResultsThe respective findings for 12- and 15-years-old were as follows: decayed, missing, filled teeth index both for permanent and temporary dentition (DMFT/dmft) of 0.89 (95% CI, 0.87-0.91) and 1.38 (95% CI, 1.33-1.43), respectively; caries prevalence 39.6% (95% CI, 36.3-42.9) and 51.7% (95% CI, 48.0-55.4), respectively. In the 12-year-old group, individuals who occasionally, never or hardly ever brushed their teeth had higher values of caries (OR = 1.83, 95% CI 1.07-3.15, and OR = 9.14, 95% CI1.63-51.17, respectively). Also, the presence of plaque on more than 1/3 gingival was statistically associated with an increase of caries (OR = 2.03; 95% CI, 1.11-3.70), and living in a rural environment was a risk factor (OR = 1.3; 95% CI,1.02-1.80). In the 15-year-old group, higher caries risk was found when brushing was performed once a day (OR = 1.61; 95% CI,1.03-2.50), and among individuals who visited private clinics (OR = 1.77; 95% CI, 1.17-2.66), while electric toothbrush was associated with a lower caries risk (OR = 0.50; 95% CI, 0.29-0.86).ConclusionsThis study revealed that risk factors of dental caries showed differences in schoolchildren of 12- and 15-year-old. Strongest evidence related to caries in 12-year-old group were found in frequency of toothbrushing and dental plaque. In 15-year old group, electric toothbrush, time since the last visit to the dentist and type of dental care (public/private) had a stronger association with dental caries. Caries prevalence and mean DMFT/dmft increased from 12- to 15-year-old, in spite of improvement in oral hygiene at the age of 15.
| S-EPMC6582601 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundThe UP4FUN intervention is a family-involved school-based intervention aiming at reducing and breaking up sitting time at home (with special emphasis on screen time), and breaking up sitting time in school among 10-12 year olds in Europe. The purpose of the present paper was to evaluate its short term effects.Methodology/principal findingsA total of 3147 pupils from Belgium, Germany, Greece, Hungary and Norway participated in a school-randomized controlled trial. The intervention included 1-2 school lessons per week for a period of six weeks, along with assignments for the children and their parents. Screen time and breaking up sitting time were registered by self-report and total sedentary time and breaking up sitting time by accelerometry. The effect of the intervention on these behaviors was evaluated by multilevel regression analyses. All analyses were adjusted for baseline values and gender. Significance level was p?0.01. No significant intervention effects were observed, neither for self-reported TV/DVD or computer/game console time, nor for accelerometer-assessed total sedentary time and number of breaks in sitting time. The intervention group, however, reported more positive attitudes towards (? = 0.25 (95% CI 0.11, 0.38)) and preferences/liking for (? = 0.20 (95% CI 0.08, 0.32)) breaking up sitting time than the control group.Conclusions/significanceNo significant intervention effect on self-reported screen time or accelerometer-assessed sedentary time or breaks in sitting time was observed, but positive effects on beliefs regarding breaking up sitting time were found in favor of the intervention group. Overall, these results do not warrant wider dissemination of the present UP4FUN intervention.Trial registrationInternational Standard Randomized Controlled Trial Number Registry ISRCTN34562078.
| S-EPMC4380348 | biostudies-literature
Project description:ObjectiveTo examine the associations of dietary diversity with anaemia and iron status among primary school-aged children in South Africa.DesignAn analysis was conducted with pooled individual data from the baseline surveys from three previously conducted independent intervention studies. Two different dietary diversity scores (DDS) were calculated based on data from 1-day (1-d) and 3-day (3-d) dietary recall periods, respectively. Logistic regression analysis was performed to examine the associations of dietary diversity with anaemia and iron status.SettingKwaZulu-Natal and North West provinces, South Africa.ParticipantsChildren (n 578) 5- to 12-year-old.ResultsA DDS ≤ 4 was associated with higher odds of being anaemic (1-d P = 0·001; 3-d P = 0·006) and being iron deficient (ID) (3-d P < 0·001). For both recall periods, consumption of 'vegetables and fruits other than vitamin A-rich' and 'animal-source foods (ASF)' was associated with lower odds of being anaemic (both P = 0·002), and 'organ meats' with lower odds of being ID (1-d P = 0·045; 3-d P < 0·001). Consumption of 'meat, chicken and fish' was associated with lower odds of being anaemic (P = 0·045), and 'vegetables and fruits other than vitamin A-rich', 'legumes, nuts and seeds' and 'ASF' with lower odds of being ID for the 3-d recall period only (P = 0·038, P = 0·020 and P = 0·003, respectively).ConclusionIn order to improve anaemia and iron status among primary school-aged children, dietary diversification, with emphasis on consumption of vegetables, fruits and ASF (including organ meats), should be promoted.
| S-EPMC10195556 | biostudies-literature
Project description:IntroductionEvaluating the food consumption of school-aged children is crucial to monitor their dietary habits, promote targeted interventions, and contribute public policies that aimed healthy eating. In this context, our objective was to develop and validate the Illustrated Questionnaire on Food Consumption for Brazilian Schoolchildren (QUACEB) of 6 to 10 years old, which is a self-reported illustrated recall.MethodsValidity was obtained in four stages as follows: selection of foods, validation of items, validation of illustrations, and pretest. Foods were selected by considering the data from the main surveys that have been conducted with the Brazilian population and schoolchildren in recent years, the degree of food processing, and the main foods from each of the country's five macroregions. The content of the items was validated by comparing the children's and their parent's responses. For this, the questionnaire was published in an online format, and 6- to 10-year-old elementary schoolchildren were recruited using the snowball technique. The first part of the questionnaire was answered by the parent after the child's lunch, and the second was completed by the child the following day. Thirty-two parent and child dyads participated. Sensitivity, specificity, area under the curve (AUC), and kappa (k) tests were performed.ResultsOf the 30 foods presented on the questionnaire, 15 were reported as consumed. High sensitivity (mean of 88.5%), high specificity (average of 92.0%), substantial agreement (k = 0.78), low disagreement (6.2%), and AUC of 0.90 were found. The illustrations were validated in a focus group with fourth-grade children from a school chosen for convenience. The food illustrations were designed for children, who were asked to name the food. Eighteen children participated and verified that the images were representative of the foods. In the pretest, three schools were chosen for convenience that announced the link to the online questionnaire in WhatsApp groups of parents with students from first to fifth grade. Fifteen children answered the questionnaire and 86.7% (n = 13) judged it excellent or good.ConclusionThus, the food consumption questionnaire is valid for elementary schoolchildren of 6 to 10 years old and can be applied in research to assess the dietary patterns of children in Brazil.
| S-EPMC10559973 | biostudies-literature
Project description:OBJECTIVES:To assess the effectiveness of a combined classroom curriculum and parental intervention (the Steps Towards Alcohol Misuse Prevention Programme (STAMPP)), compared with alcohol education as normal (EAN), in reducing self-reported heavy episodic drinking (HED) and alcohol-related harms (ARHs) in adolescents. SETTING:105 high schools in Northern Ireland (NI) and in Scotland. PARTICIPANTS:Schools were stratified by free school meal provision. Schools in NI were also stratified by school type (male/female/coeducational). Eligible students were in school year 8/S1 (aged 11-12 years) at baseline (June 2012). INTERVENTION:A classroom-based alcohol education intervention, coupled with a brief alcohol intervention for parents/carers. PRIMARY OUTCOMES: (1) The prevalence of self-reported HED in the previous 30 days and (2) the number of self-reported ARHs in the previous 6?months. Outcomes were assessed using two-level random intercepts models (logistic regression for HED and negative binomial for number of ARHs). RESULTS:At 33 months, data were available for 5160 intervention and 5073 control students (HED outcome), and 5234 and 5146 students (ARH outcome), respectively. Of those who completed a questionnaire at either baseline or 12 months (n=12?738), 10?405 also completed the questionnaire at 33 months (81.7%). Fewer students in the intervention group reported HED compared with EAN (17%vs26%; OR=0.60, 95%?CI 0.49 to 0.73), with no significant difference in the number of self-reported ARHs (incident rate ratio=0.92, 95% CI 0.78 to 1.05). Although the classroom component was largely delivered as intended, there was low uptake of the parental component. There were no reported adverse effects. CONCLUSIONS:Results suggest that STAMPP could be an effective programme to reduce HED prevalence. While there was no significant reduction in ARH, it is plausible that effects on harms would manifest later. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER:ISRCTN47028486; Post-results.
| S-EPMC5879538 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BACKGROUND:Attention has recently turned toward the use of device-assisted male circumcision to help scale up male circumcision services in sub-Saharan Africa, with increasing emphasis on younger age groups. We assessed the use of the ShangRing for circumcising the subset of boys aged 10 to 12 years who were enrolled in two randomized clinical trials in Kenya. METHODS:We performed a sub-analysis of outcomes in 197 boys aged 10 to 12 years; a subset who were enrolled in two randomized clinical trials to assess the use of the no-flip ShangRing circumcision technique in men and boys. One trial assessed spontaneous detachment vs. planned removal of the ShangRing 7 days post-circumcision. The second trial compared the use of topical vs. injectable anesthesia with ShangRing circumcision. Aside from baseline characteristics, data was collected and analyzed for each trial separately. RESULTS:All participants were successfully circumcised. Duration of circumcision, participants requiring a dorsal slit, rate of adverse events, time to complete wound healing, and participant satisfaction were similar between the two groups in each trial. Mean time required for spontaneous ShangRing detachment was 14.82±3.76 days. Topical anesthesia showed a significantly lower mean pain score at the time of application (0.64±1.71 vs. 1.55± 2.21, p = 0.03) as well as postoperatively (0.54±0.88 vs. 1.72±1.56, p<0.0001). Median dwell time of the topical anesthetic was 43 (IQR: 35.5-60) minutes, while the median time it took the injectable anesthetic to take effect was 2.04 (IQR: 1.72-3.09) minutes. CONCLUSION:No-flip ShangRing circumcision had a positive safety profile among young adolescent boys, specifically ages 10-12 years. The use of spontaneous device detachment and topical anesthesia with the procedure have shown promising outcomes in this age group. This may have the potential to further increase the acceptability of ShangRing circumcision, and therefore accelerate the scle up of male circumcision services in sub-Saharan Africa. TRIAL REGISTRATION:ClinicalTrials.gov registration # NCT02390310.
| S-EPMC7244118 | biostudies-literature
Project description:The aim of this study was at examining the validity and reliability of a marketed bioimpedance (BIA) scale for body composition assessment, in children engaged in an educational football project (FIFA 11 for Health). One-hundred and twenty-seven children (70 boys and 57 girls; age 10.7±0.5 years, body mass 41.2±9.0 kg, Body mass index 18.5±3.3 kg·m-2 and stature 149±7 cm) were evaluated for total body mass, lean body mass, muscle mass, using BIA (InBody 270, Biospace, California, USA) and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA, Lunar Prodigy, GE Medical Systems, Madison, Wisconsin, USA), at baseline conditions. Data analyses were carried out separately for girls and boys. Nearly perfect associations (r = 0.97-0.99) and excellent absolute (TEM = 0.04-1.9%) and relative (ICC = 0.98-1.00) inter-device reliability were found between DEXA and BIA variables. Fat and lean body mass bias (p < .0001) were practically relevant both for the boys (2.56 and 11.22 kg, respectively) and the girls (2.33 and 10.49 kg, respectively). Muscle mass and body fat were underestimated and overestimated, respectively, for the boys and girls. InBody 270 is a valid BIA system for estimating body composition with an excellent inter-device relative and absolute reliability. However, the remarkable measurements bias of BIA fat and muscle mass values discourage its use for clinical prescription. The BIA body composition biases were sex dependent.
| S-EPMC7996997 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundThe promotion of healthy eating is a public health priority. Poor dietary behaviours, including low fruit and vegetable (F&V) consumption are of particular concern among children. Novel nutrition promotion strategies are needed to improve F&V consumption. Sustainability education could be used to support nutrition education within the school context. The purpose of this paper is to report the protocol for impact and process evaluation of the school-based Food Education and Sustainability Training (FEAST) program, designed to educate children about sustainability, food waste and nutrition, using hands-on cooking activities.MethodsA pragmatic, parallel, cluster non-randomized controlled trial with pre- and post-measures, will be implemented among 20 primary schools (10 intervention vs 10 wait-list-control) within NSW, Australia, involving children in Grades 5-6. FEAST is a curriculum-aligned program, delivered as a 1.5-h lesson/week, for a 10-week unit of inquiry, incorporating theory and cooking. FEAST was developed using theoretical frameworks which included Social Cognitive Theory and the Precede-Proceed Planning model. Primary outcomes include children's self-reported F&V intakes (serves/day). Food literacy constructs such as: nutrition knowledge, food preparation and cooking skills, self-efficacy and behaviours, food waste knowledge and behaviours and food production knowledge, will be assessed as secondary outcomes. Process evaluation will assess program reach, adoption, implementation, maintenance, satisfaction and perceived benefits by teachers and students. An online survey (including quantitative and qualitative questions) was developed for administration at baseline (impact evaluation) and immediately post-intervention (impact and process evaluation). Intervention effects on quantitative study outcomes will be estimated with generalised linear mixed models, including random effects and will follow the intention-to-treat principles. Open-ended questions embedded within the surveys will be analysed qualitatively using content and thematic analyses.DiscussionResults from this trial will provide valuable information on the value of adding environmental sustainability strategies to nutrition education in schools. Results will inform the design of future research and programs focused on primary-school children's nutrition, sustainability-related behaviours and experiential school-based interventions.Trial registrationTrial registered 14th December 2020 with the Australian and New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry ( ACTRN12620001347954 ).
| S-EPMC8140478 | biostudies-literature
Project description:ObjectiveThe aim of the current study was to identify and describe the meal and snack patterns (breakfast, mid-morning snack, lunch, mid-afternoon snack, dinner and evening snack) of public schoolchildren.DesignCross-sectional study. Information on the previous day's food intake was obtained through the Web-CAAFE (Food Intake and Physical Activity of Schoolchildren), an interactive questionnaire, which divides daily food consumption into three meals (breakfast, lunch and dinner) and three snacks (mid-morning, mid-afternoon and evening). Each meal contains thirty-one food items and the schoolchildren clicked on the food items consumed in each meal. Factor analysis was used to identify meal and snack patterns. The descriptions of the dietary patterns (DP) were based on food items with factor loads ≥ 0·30 that were considered representative of each DP.SettingSchoolchildren, Florianopolis, Brazil.ParticipantsChildren (n 1074) aged 7-13 years.ResultsLunch was the most consumed meal (96·0 %), followed by dinner (86·4 %), breakfast (85·3 %) and mid-afternoon snack (81·7 %). Four DP were identified for breakfast, mid-morning snack, lunch, dinner and evening snack, and three for mid-afternoon snack. Breakfast, lunch and dinner patterns included traditional Brazilian foods. DP consisting of fast foods and sugary beverages were also observed, mainly for the evening snack.ConclusionsThe results of the current study provide important information regarding the meal and snack patterns of schoolchildren to guide the development of nutrition interventions in public health.
| S-EPMC10195537 | biostudies-literature