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Role of Myeloid Cells in Oncolytic Reovirus-Based Cancer Therapy.

ABSTRACT: Oncolytic reovirus preferentially targets and kills cancer cells via the process of oncolysis, and additionally drives clinically favorable antitumor T cell responses that form protective immunological memory against cancer relapse. This two-prong attack by reovirus on cancers constitutes the foundation of its use as an anticancer oncolytic agent. Unfortunately, the efficacy of these reovirus-driven antitumor effects is influenced by the highly suppressive tumor microenvironment (TME). In particular, the myeloid cell populations (e.g., myeloid-derived suppressive cells and tumor-associated macrophages) of highly immunosuppressive capacities within the TME not only affect oncolysis but also actively impair the functioning of reovirus-driven antitumor T cell immunity. Thus, myeloid cells within the TME play a critical role during the virotherapy, which, if properly understood, can identify novel therapeutic combination strategies potentiating the therapeutic efficacy of reovirus-based cancer therapy.

SUBMITTER: Kumar V

PROVIDER: S-EPMC8070345 | biostudies-literature | 2021 Apr

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Role of Myeloid Cells in Oncolytic Reovirus-Based Cancer Therapy.

Kumar Vishnupriyan V Giacomantonio Michael A MA Gujar Shashi S

Viruses 20210410 4

Oncolytic reovirus preferentially targets and kills cancer cells via the process of oncolysis, and additionally drives clinically favorable antitumor T cell responses that form protective immunological memory against cancer relapse. This two-prong attack by reovirus on cancers constitutes the foundation of its use as an anticancer oncolytic agent. Unfortunately, the efficacy of these reovirus-driven antitumor effects is influenced by the highly suppressive tumor microenvironment (TME). In partic ...[more]

PMID: 33920168

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