Targeting the Notch Signaling Pathway in Chronic Inflammatory Diseases.
Ontology highlight
ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Christopoulos PF
PROVIDER: S-EPMC8071949 | biostudies-literature |
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
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Project description:The Notch pathway plays a key role in several processes, including stem-cell self-renewal, proliferation, and cell differentiation. Several studies identified recurrent mutations in hematological malignancies making Notch one of the most desirable targets in leukemia and lymphoma. The Notch signaling mediates resistance to therapy and controls cancer stem cells supporting the development of on-target therapeutic strategies to improve patients' outcome. In this brief review, we outline the therapeutic potential of targeting Notch pathway in T-cell acute jlymphoblastic leukemia, chronic lymphocytic leukemia, and mantle cell lymphoma.
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Project description:Over the past two decades, the Notch signaling pathway has been investigated as a therapeutic target for the treatment of cancers, and more recently in the context of immune and inflammatory disorders. Notch is an evolutionary conserved pathway found in all metazoans that is critical for proper embryonic development and for the postnatal maintenance of selected tissues. Through cell-to-cell contacts, Notch orchestrates cell fate decisions and differentiation in non-hematopoietic and hematopoietic cell types, regulates immune cell development, and is integral to shaping the amplitude as well as the quality of different types of immune responses. Depriving some cancer types of Notch signals has been shown in preclinical studies to stunt tumor growth, consistent with an oncogenic function of Notch signaling. In addition, therapeutically antagonizing Notch signals showed preclinical potential to prevent or reverse inflammatory disorders, including autoimmune diseases, allergic inflammation and immune complications of life-saving procedures such allogeneic bone marrow and solid organ transplantation (graft-versus-host disease and graft rejection). In this review, we discuss some of these unique approaches, along with the successes and challenges encountered so far to target Notch signaling in preclinical and early clinical studies. Our goal is to emphasize lessons learned to provide guidance about emerging strategies of Notch-based therapeutics that could be deployed safely and efficiently in patients with immune and inflammatory disorders.
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Project description:Notch signaling plays an important role in development and cell fate determination, and it is deregulated in human hematologic malignancies and solid tumors. This review includes a brief introduction of the relevant pathophysiology of Notch signaling pathway and primarily focuses on the clinical development of promising agents that either obstruct Notch receptor cleavages such as γ-secretase inhibitors (GSIs) or interfere with the Notch ligand-receptor interaction by monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). Antitumor activity by GSIs and mAbs administered as single agent in early phases of clinical trials has been observed in advanced or metastatic thyroid cancer, non-small cell lung cancer, intracranial tumors, sarcoma or desmoid tumors, colorectal cancer with neuroendocrine features, melanoma and ovarian cancer. A number of mechanism-based adverse events particularly gastrointestinal toxicities emerged and mitigation strategies are developed after testing multiple GSIs and Notch targeting mAbs. We also discuss pharmacodynamic biomarkers in conjunction with methods of assessment of the molecular target inhibition validation. Biomarkers of efficacy or benefit may be of importance for a successful development of this class of drugs.
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Project description:The inflammasome is a molecular platform formed by activation of an innate immune pattern recognition receptor seed, such as NLRP3. Once activated, NLRP3 recruits the adapter ASC (apoptosis-related speck-like protein containing a caspase recruitment domain), which in turn recruits procaspase-1. Procaspase-1 autocatalyzes its cleavage and activation, resulting in maturation of the precursor forms of interleukin (IL)-1? and IL-18 into active proinflammatory cytokines and initiation of pyroptotic cell death. The NLRP3 inflammasome has been implicated in the pathogenesis of a wide variety of diseases, including genetically inherited autoinflammatory conditions as well as chronic diseases in which NLRP3 is abnormally activated. The NLRP3 inflammasome has been linked to diseases such as Alzheimer's disease, atherosclerosis, metabolic syndrome, and age-related macular degeneration. In this review, we describe the NLRP3 inflammasome complex and its activation in disease, and detail the current therapies that modulate either the NLRP3 inflammasome complex itself or the two cytokines it is responsible for activating, ie, IL-1? and IL-18.
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Project description:BackgroundIt is well-known that both macrophages and osteocytes are critical regulators of osteogenesis and osteoclastogenesis, yet there is limited understanding of the macrophage-osteocyte interaction, and how their crosstalk could affect bone homeostasis and mineralization. This research therefore aims to investigate the effects of macrophage polarization on osteocyte maturation and mineralization process.MethodsA macrophage-derived conditioned medium based osteocyte culture was set up to investigate the impact of macrophages on osteocyte maturation and terminal mineralization. Surgically induced osteoarthritis (OA) rat model was used to further investigate the macrophage-osteocyte interaction in inflammatory bone remodeling, as well as the involvement of the Notch signaling pathway in the mineralization process.ResultsOur results identified that osteocytes were confined in an immature stage after the M1 macrophage stimulation, showing a more rounded morphology, higher expression of early osteocyte marker E11, and significantly lower expression of mature osteocyte marker DMP1. Immature osteocytes were also found in inflammatory bone remodeling areas, showing altered morphology and mineralized structures similar to those observed under the stimulation of M1 macrophages in vitro, suggesting that M1 macrophages negatively affect osteocyte maturation, leading to abnormal mineralization. The Notch signaling pathway was found to be down regulated in M1 macrophage-stimulated osteocytes as well as osteocytes in inflammatory bone. Overexpression of the Notch signaling pathway in osteocytes showed a significant circumvention on the negative effects from M1 macrophage.ConclusionTaken together, our findings provide valuable insights into the mechanisms involved in abnormal bone mineralization under inflammatory conditions.
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Project description:Background and aimsInflammatory bowel diseases are highly debilitating conditions that require constant monitoring and life-long medication. Current treatments are focused on systemic administration of immunomodulatory drugs, but they have a broad range of undesirable side-effects. RNA interference is a highly specific endogenous mechanism that regulates the expression of the gene at the transcript level, which can be repurposed using exogenous short interfering RNA [siRNA] to repress expression of the target gene. While siRNA therapeutics can offer an alternative to existing therapies, with a high specificity critical for chronically administrated drugs, evidence of their potency compared to chemical kinase inhibitors used in clinics is still lacking in alleviating an adverse inflammatory response.MethodsWe provide a framework to select highly specific siRNA, with a focus on two kinases strongly involved in pro-inflammatory diseases, namely JAK1 and JAK3. Using western-blot, real-time quantitative PCR and large-scale analysis, we assessed the specificity profile of these siRNA drugs and compared their efficacy to the most recent and promising kinase inhibitors for Janus kinases [Jakinibs], tofacitinib and filgotinib.ResultssiRNA drugs can reach higher efficiency and selectivity at lower doses [5 pM vs 1 µM] than Jakinibs. Moreover, JAK silencing lasted up to 11 days, even with 6 h pulse transfection.ConclusionsThe siRNA-based drugs developed hold the potential to develop more potent therapeutics for chronic inflammatory diseases.
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Project description:The complement system comprises the frontline of the innate immune system. Triggered by pathogenic surface patterns in different pathways, the cascade concludes with the formation of a membrane attack complex (MAC; complement components C5b to C9) and C5a, a potent anaphylatoxin that elicits various inflammatory signals through binding to C5a receptor 1 (C5aR1). Despite its important role in pathogen elimination, priming and recruitment of myeloid cells from the immune system, as well as crosstalk with other physiological systems, inadvertent activation of the complement system can result in self-attack and overreaction in autoinflammatory diseases. Consequently, it constitutes an interesting target for specialized therapies. The paradigm of safe and efficacious terminal complement pathway inhibition has been demonstrated by the approval of eculizumab in paroxysmal nocturnal hematuria. In addition, complement contribution in rare kidney diseases, such as lupus nephritis, IgA nephropathy, atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome, C3 glomerulopathy, or antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitis has been demonstrated. This review summarizes the involvement of the terminal effector agents of the complement system in these diseases and provides an overview of inhibitors for complement components C5, C5a, C5aR1, and MAC that are currently in clinical development. Furthermore, a link between increased complement activity and lung damage in severe COVID-19 patients is discussed and the potential for use of complement inhibitors in COVID-19 is presented.
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Project description:The high volume of information produced in the age of omics was and still is an important step to understanding several pathological processes, providing the enlightenment of complex molecular networks and the identification of molecular targets associated with many diseases. Despite these remarkable scientific advances, the majority of the results are disconnected and divergent, making their use limited. Skin diseases with alterations in the Notch signaling pathway were extensively studied during the omics era. In the GWAS Catalog, considering only studies on genomics association (GWAS), several works were deposited, some of which with divergent results. In addition, there are thousands of scientific articles available about these skin diseases. In our study, we focused our attention on skin diseases characterized by the impairment of Notch signaling, this pathway being of pivotal importance in the context of epithelial disorders. We considered the pathologies of five human skin diseases, Hidradenitis Suppurativa, Dowling Degos Disease, Adams-Oliver Syndrome, Psoriasis, and Atopic Dermatitis, in which the molecular alterations in the Notch signaling pathway have been reported. To this end, we started developing a new multiomics platform, PlatOMICs, to integrate and re-analyze omics information, searching for the molecular interactions involved in the pathogenesis of skin diseases with alterations in the Notch signaling pathway.
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