Cesarean section delivery is a risk factor of autism-related behaviors in mice.
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ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Nagano M
PROVIDER: S-EPMC8076189 | biostudies-literature |
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
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Project description:OBJECTIVES:To determine (1) whether higher maternal body mass index (BMI) and Cesarean (C) Section mode of delivery are associated with neonatal hypoglycemia (NH) and (2) whether timing of NH onset differs by risk factors. STUDY DESIGN:Retrospective cohort study (n?=?4602) to determine the odds of NH, NH requiring IV dextrose and timing of NH onset among infants with established and plausible (BMI and C-section) risk factors. RESULT:Infants born to class III obese mothers had higher odds of NH (OR 1.3, 95% CI 1.0-1.8) and of requiring IV dextrose (OR 2.2, 95% CI 1.2-3.9). Infants born via C-section had higher odds of requiring IV dextrose (OR 1.4, 95% CI 1.1-1.9). Infants who were delivered to high BMI mothers and by C-section developed NH earlier than the reference group. CONCLUSION:Determining the predictors and timing of NH onset may help develop tailored evaluation and management strategies for at-risk neonates.
| S-EPMC6660417 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Cesarean section (CS) is recognized as being a shared environmental risk factor associated with chronic immune disease. A study of maternal gene expression changes between different delivery modes can add to our understanding of how CS contributes to disease patterns later in life. We evaluated the association of delivery mode with postpartum gene expression using a cross-sectional study of 324 mothers who delivered full-term (≥ 37 weeks) singletons. Of these, 181 mothers had a vaginal delivery and 143 had a CS delivery (60 with and 83 without labor). Antimicrobial peptides (AMP) were upregulated in vaginal delivery compared to CS with or without labor. Peptidase inhibitor 3 (PI3), a gene in the antimicrobial peptide pathway and known to be involved in antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory activities, showed a twofold increase in vaginal delivery compared to CS with or without labor (adjusted p-value 1.57 × 10-11 and 3.70 × 10-13, respectively). This study evaluates differences in gene expression by delivery mode and provides evidence of antimicrobial peptide upregulation in vaginal delivery compared to CS with or without labor. Further exploration is needed to determine if AMP upregulation provides protection against CS-associated diseases later in life.
| S-EPMC7576122 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Abstract Although the blunt uterine incision expansion during a low‐transverse cesarean delivery has prevailed over the sharp technique, the latter should not be completely abandoned. The sharp method with scissors should be considered when managing patients with previous cesarean sections, although more studies are required for a definite answer. During a low‐transverse cesarean delivery, the blunt technique is the preferred modality, concerning the maternal outcomes. However, the sharp expansion of the lower uterine segment incision could have a role when delivering women with previous cesarean scars, since it is more controlled, without unintended transverse and vertical extensions, thus resulting in better closure. Nonetheless, more research is required for a definite answer to be given.
| S-EPMC9587506 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundUp to 40% of women gain excessive weight during pregnancy. Obesity complications and risks in parturient women undergoing cesarean section (CS) with different anesthetic methods remain unknown. This study aimed to assess the safety and risk of obese women undergoing CS delivery with various perioperative anesthetic methods.MethodsSeven hundred ninety parturient women underwent CS under general anesthesia (GA), intraspinal anesthesia including epidural anesthesia (EA) and combined spinal-epidural anesthesia (CSEA). They were divided into morbid (n = 255), severe (n = 274), and non-obesity (n = 261) groups. This study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov (number NCT03002636).ResultBetween 2013 and 2016, 790 pregnant were assessed. Compared with the non-obesity group, there were significantly more fetal distress and higher body mass index (BMI) in the morbid obesity group (P = .0001 and P = .001, respectively). Significantly more patients showed preeclampsia, multifetation, amniotic fluid abnormality, and high bleeding amounts in the morbid obesity group compared with the non-obesity group (P = .0001, P = .048, P = .017, and P = .018, respectively); more patients were administered EA and GA compared with the non-obesity group (P = .0001 and P = .0001, respectively). More post-anesthesia care unit (PACU) patients were found in the severe obesity group no more than the non-obesity group. Significantly increased anesthesia puncture times for 5 > n ≥ 3 and n ≥ 5 were obtained in the morbid obesity group (P = .0001 and P = .0001, respectively), with more patients in the puncture sitting position, compared with the non-obesity group (P = .0001).ConclusionGA, EA, and CSEA are safe and effective in severely or morbidly obese patients. Morbidly obese parturient show increased likelihood for fetal distress, PACU, sitting position puncture, puncture difficulty, and other pregnancy complications. There were more anesthesia puncture times in morbidly obese patients.
| S-EPMC5662385 | biostudies-literature
Project description:OBJECTIVE:The objective of this study is to evaluate whether omission of intrauterine cleaning increases intraoperative and postoperative complications among women who deliver via cesarean section. METHODS:We randomized 206 women undergoing primary elective cesarean deliveries to intrauterine cleaning or omission of cleaning. Postpartum endomyometritis rates across groups were the primary outcome. We also examined secondary outcomes. To detect a 20% difference in infection rate between the cleaned and the non-cleaned groups (two-tailed [alpha]?=?0.05, [beta]?=?0.2), 103 women were required per group. Analysis was by intention-to-treat. RESULTS:Two hundred and six were randomized as follows: 103 to intrauterine cleaning and 103 to omission of cleaning after placental delivery. There were no statistically significant differences in the rate of endomyometritis between the two groups (2.0% versus 2.9%, RR =0.60; 95% CI 0.40-1.32). There were no statistically significant differences in postpartum hemorrhage rates (5.8% versus 7.7%, RR 0.75; 95% CI 0.6-1.2), hospital readmission rates (2.9 versus 3.8%, RR 0.75; 95% CI 0.5-1.6), time to return of gastrointestinal function, need for repeat surgery, or quantitated blood loss between the two groups. CONCLUSIONS:Our randomized controlled trial provides evidence suggesting that omission of intrauterine cleaning during cesarean deliveries in women at low risk of infection does not increase intraoperative or postoperative complications.
| S-EPMC6363334 | biostudies-literature
Project description:The purpose of this prospective and case controlled study is to determine the effectiveness and safety of antibiotic prophylaxis with Tercef (ceftriaxone) in women undergoing cesarean section and to compare the results with those of 24 hours regiment of Cefazolin and also with a group without prophylaxis. The study includes 122 cases of elective and emergency CS: 41 with a single intravenous dose of 1.0 g Tercef after clamping of the umbilical cord; 41 cases of antibiotic prophylaxis with Cefazolin three times 2.0 g for 24 hours and 40 low infectious risk CS without antibiotic prophylaxis. We take in account the existing before the CS risk factors for postoperative infectious complications as: hours of PROM; length of labor, number of vaginal examinations before CS, previous sections, duration of the operation, anemia, bacteriuria and diabetes. For post CS infection-related complications we take: febrile morbidity, endometritis, wound infections, infection of urinary tract. The results show infection complication in the three groups as follow: 14.6% for tercef, 17.1% for cefazolin and 20.0% for the group without antibiotic. There is not statistically significant difference. According our study in cases of CS with increased risk of post-operative infectious complications the antibiotic prophylaxis reduce the rate of infection-related complications even below that of CS with low infectious risk. The single dose of 1 g tercef i.v. is effective and suitable in comparison with 24 hours regiment of cefazolin.
| S-EPMC2730266 | biostudies-literature
Project description:ObjectivesTo explore the factors affecting breastfeeding behaviors in women after cesarean section.MethodsThis is a qualitative study that used a phenomenological approach. This study used individual face-to-face interviews with 19 women who underwent a cesarean section in a Women and Children's Hospital in China between July to September 2019. Information saturation was used to determine sample size. Data were analyzed using a thematic content analysis method. Themes were developed based on the theory of planned behavior.ResultsThirteen (68.42%) had a planned cesarean section, and six (31.58%) cesarean sections were unplanned or emergent. Three major themes emerged: ambivalent attitude about breastfeeding, motivation to comply with the traditional cultural norms, and barriers and challenges. The motivating factors for breastfeeding after cesarean sections included perceived benefits of human milk, support from healthcare professionals, and responsibility for breastfeeding. The challenges for breastfeeding after cesarean sections included physical discomfort, knowledge and skills deficit of breastfeeding, lactation deficiency, and lack of knowledge and coping skills in managing their depressive mood after cesarean sections. There were a couple of neutral factors, such as the influences of family and peers. These factors could influence women either positively as facilitators or negatively as barriers.ConclusionsThe findings can offer valuable information for healthcare professionals to help women breastfeed after cesarean sections. To promote women's breastfeeding behaviors after cesarean sections, it is necessary to change women's attitudes, belief systems, and the external environments and help them become more confident.
| S-EPMC7644566 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Cerebellar abnormalities, particularly in Right Crus I (RCrusI), are consistently reported in autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Although RCrusI is functionally connected with ASD-implicated circuits, the contribution of RCrusI dysfunction to ASD remains unclear. Here neuromodulation of RCrusI in neurotypical humans resulted in altered functional connectivity with the inferior parietal lobule, and children with ASD showed atypical functional connectivity in this circuit. Atypical RCrusI-inferior parietal lobule structural connectivity was also evident in the Purkinje neuron (PN) TscI ASD mouse model. Additionally, chemogenetically mediated inhibition of RCrusI PN activity in mice was sufficient to generate ASD-related social, repetitive, and restricted behaviors, while stimulation of RCrusI PNs rescued social impairment in the PN TscI ASD mouse model. Together, these studies reveal important roles for RCrusI in ASD-related behaviors. Further, the rescue of social behaviors in an ASD mouse model suggests that investigation of the therapeutic potential of cerebellar neuromodulation in ASD may be warranted.
| S-EPMC5867894 | biostudies-literature
Project description:OBJECTIVE: This study aims to explore the risk factors, profiles and neonatal outcomes of Cesarean sections among selected women in Oman. METHODS: In this hospital-based case-control study, a total of 500 participants (250 cases who had cesarean section and 250 controls who had spontaneous vaginal delivery), were randomly selected from four hospitals. Cases and controls were matched according to timing and place of delivery. RESULTS: THE FOLLOWING PREDICTORS WERE FOUND TO BE SIGNIFICANTLY ASSOCIATED WITH INCREASED RISK OF CESAREAN SECTION: a) advancing age (above the age of 25 years, OR=1.42; p=0.03), b) prior cesarean section (previous cesarean section=1, OR=22.71; p=0.001), c) increased body mass index (obesity, OR=2.11; p=0.07), d) extremes of neonatal birth weight (neonates birth weight <2.5 kg, OR=5.2; neonates birth weight >4.0 kg, OR=7.3; p<0.001), and e) pre-pregnancy diabetes (OR=9.3; p=0.04). On the contrary, increased parity and history of the use of birth spacing methods (OR=0.38; p=0.03) were associated with decreased risk of cesarean section. CONCLUSION: The study calls for increasing awareness about clinical and public health majors that would lead to prevention of risk factors associated with increased risk of cesarean section such as maintaining normal BMI and prevention of gestational and type 2 diabetes mellitus.
| S-EPMC3515046 | biostudies-other
Project description:Autism is a common and frequently disabling neurodevelopmental disorder with a strong genetic basis. Human genetic studies have discovered mutations disrupting exons of the NRXN2 gene, which encodes the synaptic adhesion protein α-neurexin II (Nrxn2α), in two unrelated individuals with autism, but a causal link between NRXN2 and the disorder remains unclear. To begin to test the hypothesis that Nrxn2α deficiency contributes to the symptoms of autism, we employed Nrxn2α knockout (KO) mice that genetically model Nrxn2α deficiency in vivo. We report that Nrxn2α KO mice displayed deficits in sociability and social memory when exposed to novel conspecifics. In tests of exploratory activity, Nrxn2α KO mice displayed an anxiety-like phenotype in comparison with wild-type littermates, with thigmotaxis in an open field, less time spent in the open arms of an elevated plus maze, more time spent in the enclosure of an emergence test and less time spent exploring novel objects. However, Nrxn2α KO mice did not exhibit any obvious changes in prepulse inhibition or in passive avoidance learning. Real-time PCR analysis of the frontal cortex and hippocampus revealed significant decreases in the mRNA levels of genes encoding proteins involved in both excitatory and inhibitory transmission. Quantification of protein expression revealed that Munc18-1, encoded by Stxbp1, was significantly decreased in the hippocampus of Nrxn2α KO mice, which is suggestive of deficiencies in presynaptic vesicular release. Our findings demonstrate a causal role for the loss of Nrxn2α in the genesis of autism-related behaviors in mice.
| S-EPMC4259993 | biostudies-literature