Accuracy of two pulse-oximetry measurements for INTELLiVENT-ASV in mechanically ventilated patients: a prospective observational study.
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ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Katayama S
PROVIDER: S-EPMC8076307 | biostudies-literature |
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
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Project description:Early diagnosis and continuous monitoring of respiratory failure (RF) in the course of the most prevalent chronic cardio-vascular (CVD) and respiratory diseases (CRD) are a clinical, unresolved problem because wearable, non-invasive, and user-friendly medical devices, which could grant reliable measures of the oxygen saturation (SpO2) and heart rate (HR) in real-life during daily activities are still lacking. In this study, we investigated the agreement between a new medical wrist-worn device (BrOxy M) and a reference, medical pulseoximeter (Nellcor PM 1000N). Twelve healthy volunteers (aged 20-51 years, 84% males, 33% with black skin, obtaining, during the controlled hypoxia test, the simultaneous registration of 219 data pairs, homogeneously deployed in the levels of Sat.O2 97%, 92%, 87%, 82% [ISO 80601-2-61:2017 standard (paragraph EE.3)]) were included. The paired T test 0 and the Bland-Altman plot were performed to assess bias and accuracy. SpO2 and HR readings by the two devices resulted significantly correlated (r = 0.91 and 0.96, p < 0.001, respectively). Analyses excluded the presence of proportional bias. For SpO2, the mean bias was -0.18% and the accuracy (ARMS) was 2.7%. For HR the mean bias was 0.25 bpm and the ARMS3.7 bpm. The sensitivity to detect SpO2 ≤ 94% was 94.4%. The agreement between BrOxy M and the reference pulse oximeter was "substantial" (for SpO2 cut-off 94% and 90%, k = 0.79 and k = 0.80, respectively). We conclude that BrOxy M demonstrated accuracy, reliability and consistency in measuring SpO2 and HR, being fully comparable with a reference medical pulseoxymeter, with no adverse effects. As a wearable device, Broxy M can measure continually SpO2 and HR in everyday life, helping in detecting and following up CVD and CRD subjects.
| S-EPMC9269825 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BACKGROUND:ICU patients undergoing invasive mechanical ventilation experience cognitive decline associated with their critical illness and its management. The early detection of different cognitive phenotypes might reveal the involvement of diverse pathophysiological mechanisms and help to clarify the role of the precipitating and predisposing factors. Our main objective is to identify cognitive phenotypes in critically ill survivors 1 month after ICU discharge using an unsupervised machine learning method, and to contrast them with the classical approach of cognitive impairment assessment. For descriptive purposes, precipitating and predisposing factors for cognitive impairment were explored. METHODS:A total of 156 mechanically ventilated critically ill patients from two medical/surgical ICUs were prospectively studied. Patients with previous cognitive impairment, neurological or psychiatric diagnosis were excluded. Clinical variables were registered during ICU stay, and 100 patients were cognitively assessed 1 month after ICU discharge. The unsupervised machine learning K-means clustering algorithm was applied to detect cognitive phenotypes. Exploratory analyses were used to study precipitating and predisposing factors for cognitive impairment. RESULTS:K-means testing identified three clusters (K) of patients with different cognitive phenotypes: K1 (n?=?13), severe cognitive impairment in speed of processing (92%) and executive function (85%); K2 (n?=?33), moderate-to-severe deficits in learning-memory (55%), memory retrieval (67%), speed of processing (36.4%) and executive function (33.3%); and K3 (n?=?46), normal cognitive profile in 89% of patients. Using the classical approach, moderate-to-severe cognitive decline was recorded in 47% of patients, while the K-means method accurately classified 85.9%. The descriptive analysis showed significant differences in days (p?=?0.016) and doses (p?=?0.039) with opioid treatment in K1 vs. K2 and K3. In K2, there were more women, patients were older and had more comorbidities (p?=?0.001) than in K1 or K3. Cognitive reserve was significantly (p?=?0.001) higher in K3 than in K1 or K2. CONCLUSION:One month after ICU discharge, three groups of patients with different cognitive phenotypes were identified through an unsupervised machine learning method. This novel approach improved the classical classification of cognitive impairment in ICU survivors. In the exploratory analysis, gender, age and the level of cognitive reserve emerged as relevant predisposing factors for cognitive impairment in ICU patients. TRIAL REGISTRATION:ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier:NCT02390024; March 17,2015.
| S-EPMC7579874 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Background:Diaphragm atrophy is observed in mechanically ventilated patients. However, the atrophy is not investigated in other respiratory muscles. Therefore, we conducted a two-center prospective observational study to evaluate changes in diaphragm and intercostal muscle thickness in mechanically ventilated patients. Methods:Consecutive adult patients who were expected to be mechanically ventilated longer than 48?h in the ICU were enrolled. Diaphragm and intercostal muscle thickness were measured on days 1, 3, 5, and 7 with ultrasonography. The primary outcome was the direction of change in muscle thickness, and the secondary outcomes were the relationship of changes in muscle thickness with patient characteristics. Results:Eighty patients (54 males and 26 females; mean age, 68 ± 14?years) were enrolled. Diaphragm muscle thickness decreased, increased, and remained unchanged in 50 (63%), 15 (19%), and 15 (19%) patients, respectively. Intercostal muscle thickness decreased, increased, and remained unchanged in 48 (60%), 15 (19%), and 17 (21%) patients, respectively. Decreased diaphragm or intercostal muscle thickness was associated with prolonged mechanical ventilation (median difference (MD), 3?days; 95% CI (confidence interval), 1-7 and MD, 3?days; 95% CI, 1-7, respectively) and length of ICU stay (MD, 3?days; 95% CI, 1-7 and MD, 3?days; 95% CI, 1-7, respectively) compared with the unchanged group. After adjusting for sex, age, and APACHE II score, they were still associated with prolonged mechanical ventilation (hazard ratio (HR), 4.19; 95% CI, 2.14-7.93 and HR, 2.87; 95% CI, 1.53-5.21, respectively) and length of ICU stay (HR, 3.44; 95% CI, 1.77-6.45 and HR, 2.58; 95% CI, 1.39-4.63, respectively) compared with the unchanged group. Conclusions:Decreased diaphragm and intercostal muscle thickness were frequently seen in patients under mechanical ventilation. They were associated with prolonged mechanical ventilation and length of ICU stay. Trial registration:UMIN000031316. Registered on 15 February 2018.
| S-EPMC6886193 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Background Capillary refill time (CRT) is a non-invasive technique to evaluate tissue perfusion, and quantitative CRT (Q-CRT) adapted to pulse oximetry was developed with patients with sepsis and compared to blood lactate and sepsis scores. In post liver transplantation, large amounts of fluid administration are necessary for maintaining tissue perfusion to grafted liver against intravascular hypovolemia. This study aimed to evaluate whether Q-CRT can predict poor outcomes by detecting peripheral tissue perfusion abnormality in patients with liver transplantations who were treated with massive fluid administration. Methods In this single-center prospective cohort study, we enrolled adult patients with liver transplantations between June 2018 and July 2019. Measurement of Q-CRT was conducted at intensive care units (ICU) admission and postoperative day 1 (POD1). Results A total of 33 patients with liver transplantations were enrolled. Significant correlations of Q-CRT and ?Ab, a tissue oxygen delivery parameter calculated by pulse oximetry data, at ICU admission with the postoperative outcomes such as length of ICU and hospital stay and total amount of ascitic fluid discharge were observed. Quantitative CRT and ?Ab at ICU admission were significantly associated with these postoperative outcomes, even after adjusting preoperative and operative factors (MELD score and bleeding volume, respectively). However, quantitative CRT and ?Ab at POD1 and changes from ICU admission to POD1 failed to show significant associations. Conclusions Q-CRT values were significantly associated with postoperative outcomes in liver transplantation. Although the mechanisms of this association need to be clarified further, Q-CRT may enable identification of high-risk patients that need intensive postoperative managements.
| S-EPMC7523076 | biostudies-literature
Project description: Not available
| S-EPMC10028535 | biostudies-literature
Project description:IntroductionIn this prospective, observational study, we have evaluated right (RV) and left (LV) ventricular function with echocardiography and correlated it to the levels of biomarkers, hs-TNT, NT-pro-BNP, D-dimer and fibrinogen. In a subgroup, we have evaluated the effect of inhaled milrinone on RV afterload and function.MethodsThirty-one ICU patients with COVID-19 in need of mechanical ventilation and norepinephrine infusion were prospectively included. Hemodynamic and respiratory variables were measured at the time of the echocardiographic examination and biomarkers were obtained on arrival at the ICU and then followed up routinely. Eight patients received inhaled aerosolized milrinone at a dose of 2.5 mg/hour.ResultsThe most common echocardiographic pattern was RV dilation with or without systolic dysfunction, which was found in 62% of patients. Pulmonary acceleration time was abnormal in 55% and indices of RV systolic function, such as fractional area of change, RV strain, were abnormal in 30% and 31% of patients respectively. A cardiac index of < 2.5 l/min*m2 was seen in 58% of the patients. Left ventricular ejection fraction and global left ventricular strain were impaired in 10% and 16% respectively. The correlation between echocardiographic variables and cardiac biomarkers was poor. RV afterload correlated well to the levels of D-dimer. Milrinone inhalation did not improve RV function or afterload.ConclusionRV dysfunction was the most common finding. The poor correlation to cardiac biomarkers argues against extensive myocardial involvement. The lack of improvement in RV function after milrinone inhalation suggests that the most likely cause of RV dysfunction is increased RV afterload caused by pulmonary thrombosis/embolism.
| S-EPMC8166586 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Background and objectiveWeaning parameters are commonly measured through an endotracheal tube in mechanically ventilated patients recovering from acute respiratory failure, however this practice has rarely been evaluated in tracheostomized patients. This study aimed to investigate changes in weaning parameters measured before and after tracheostomy, and to explore whether the data measured after tracheostomy were associated with weaning outcomes in difficult-to-wean patients.MethodsIn a two-year study period, we enrolled orotracheally intubated patients who were prepared for tracheostomy due to difficult weaning. Weaning parameters were measured before and after the conversion to tracheostomy and compared, and the post-tracheostomy data were tested for associations with weaning outcomes.ResultsA total of 86 patients were included. After tracheostomy, maximum inspiratory pressure (mean difference (Δ) = 4.4, 95% CI, 2.7 to 6.1, P<0.001), maximum expiratory pressure (Δ = 5.4, 95% CI, 2.9 to 8.0, P<0.001) and tidal volume (Δ = 33.7, 95% CI, 9.0 to 58.5, P<0.008) significantly increased, and rapid shallow breathing index (Δ = -14.6, 95% CI, -25.4 to -3.7, P<0.009) and airway resistance (Δ = -4.9, 95% CI, -5.8 to -4.0, P<0.001) significantly decreased. The patients who were successfully weaned within 90 days of the initiation of mechanical ventilation had greater increments in maximum inspiratory pressure (5.9 vs. 2.4, P = 0.04) and maximum expiratory pressure (8.0 vs. 2.0, P = 0.02) after tracheostomy than those who were unsuccessfully weaned.ConclusionsIn conclusion, the conversion from endotracheal tube to tracheostomy significantly improved the measured values of weaning parameters in difficult-to-wean patients who subsequently weaned successfully from the mechanical ventilator. The change was significant only for airway resistance in patients who failed weaning.Trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov NCT01312142.
| S-EPMC4574918 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundPersistent swallowing disorders (SD) are non-pulmonary complications of mechanical ventilation (MV). However, there are few clinical studies on persistent SD in critically ill patients undergoing tracheal intubation for MV. The aim of the present study was to assess the incidence and characteristics of clinical manifestations associated with persistent SD.MethodsWe prospectively evaluated in patients requiring more than 7 days of invasive MV the incidence and characteristics of clinical manifestations related to persistent SD. For this purpose, quality of swallowing was assessed within 24 h after extubation by an experienced physical therapist not directly involved in patient management. Swallowing assessment consisted in a specific standardized test combining a swallowing test and a full clinical evaluation of the cranial nerves involved in swallowing. In patients with SD on the first test, a second test was done within 48 h in order to discriminate between transient and persistent SD.ResultsAmong the 482 patients mechanically ventilated more than 7 days, 138 were enrolled in this study. The first test performed 24 h after extubation revealed SD in 35 patients (25%). According to the second test performed 48 h later, SD were considered transient in 21 (15%) and persistent in 14 (10%) cases. Patients with persistent SD were older (66 ± 16 vs 58 ± 15 years), had lower bodyweight at admission (76 ± 15 vs 87 ± 23 kg) and received less often neuromuscular blocking agents (36% vs 66%) compared to patients without or with only transient SD. Patients with persistent SD had longer duration of Intensive Care Unit (ICU) stay after first extubation and longer delay to oral feeding than patients without or with only transient SD, respectively, 11 ± 9 vs 7 ± 6 days and 23 ± 33 vs 5 ± 7 days.ConclusionsBased on a specific standardized clinical test, 25% of patients mechanically ventilated more than 7 days exhibited clinical manifestations of SD. However, SD were considered as persistent after extubation in only 10% of them. Persistent SD were associated with longer duration of ICU stay after extubation and longer time of enteral feeding.Trial registrationThe study is registered with Clinical Trials (NCT01360580).
| S-EPMC7560673 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Continuous monitoring of arterial oxygen saturation by pulse oximetry (SpO2) is the main method to guide respiratory and oxygen support in neonates during postnatal stabilization and after admission to neonatal intensive care unit. The accuracy of these devices is therefore crucial. The presence of fetal hemoglobin (HbF) in neonatal blood might affect SpO2 readings. We performed a systematic qualitative review to investigate the impact of HbF on SpO2 accuracy in neonates. PubMed/Medline, Embase, Cumulative Index to Nursing & Allied Health database (CINAHL) and Cochrane library databases were searched from inception to January 2021 for human studies in the English language, which compared arterial oxygen saturations (SaO2) from neonatal blood with SpO2 readings and included HbF measurements in their reports. Ten observational studies were included. Eight studies reported SpO2-SaO2 bias that ranged from -3.6%, standard deviation (SD) 2.3%, to +4.2% (SD 2.4). However, it remains unclear to what extent this depends on HbF. Five studies showed that an increase in HbF changes the relation of partial oxygen pressure (paO2) to SpO2, which is physiologically explained by the leftward shift in oxygen dissociation curve. It is important to be aware of this shift when treating a neonate, especially for the lower SpO2 limits in preterm neonates to avoid undetected hypoxia.
| S-EPMC8145233 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundLower limb muscle atrophy is often observed in critically ill patients. Although upper limb muscles can undergo atrophy, it remains unclear how this atrophy is associated with clinical outcomes. We hypothesized that this atrophy is associated with mortality and impairments in physical function.MethodsIn this two-center prospective observational study, we included adult patients who were expected to require mechanical ventilation for > 48 h and remain in the intensive care unit (ICU) for > 5 days. We used ultrasound to evaluate the cross-sectional area of the biceps brachii on days 1, 3, 5, and 7 and upon ICU discharge along with assessment of physical functions. The primary outcome was the relationship between muscle atrophy ratio and in-hospital mortality on each measurement day, which was assessed using multivariate analysis. The secondary outcomes were the relationships between upper limb muscle atrophy and Medical Research Council (MRC) score, handgrip strength, ICU Mobility Scale (IMS) score, and Functional Status Score for the ICU (FSS-ICU).ResultsSixty-four patients (43 males; aged 70 ± 13 years) were enrolled. The Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE) II score was 27 (22-30), and in-hospital mortality occurred in 21 (33%) patients. The decreased cross-sectional area of the biceps brachii was not associated with in-hospital mortality on day 3 (p = 0.43) but was associated on days 5 (p = 0.01) and 7 (p < 0.01), which was confirmed after adjusting for sex, age, and APACHE II score. In 27 patients in whom physical functions were assessed, the decrease of the cross-sectional area of the biceps brachii was associated with MRC score (r = 0.47, p = 0.01), handgrip strength (r = 0.50, p = 0.01), and FSS-ICU (r = 0.56, p < 0.01), but not with IMS score (r = 0.35, p = 0.07) upon ICU discharge.ConclusionsUpper limb muscle atrophy was associated with in-hospital mortality and physical function impairments; thus, it is prudent to monitor it. (321 words) TRIAL REGISTRATION: UMIN 000031316 . Retrospectively registered on 15 February 2018.
| S-EPMC7684934 | biostudies-literature