A new surgical technique for post-myocardial infarction ventricular septal rupture with hemodynamic instability.
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SUBMITTER: Liu C
PROVIDER: S-EPMC8078452 | biostudies-literature |
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
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| S-EPMC9536656 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundPost-infarction ventricular septal rupture (VSR) is a rare but lethal mechanical complication of an acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Survival to 1 month without intervention is 6%. Given high surgical mortality, transcatheter closure has emerged as a potential strategy in selected cases. Indian data on percutaneous device closure of post AMI-VSR is scarce hence we report our single-centre experience with ASD occluder device (Amplatzer and lifetech) for closure of post-AMI VSR.Methods and resultsIn this single-centre, retrospective, cohort study, patients who underwent transcatheter closure of post-MI VSR between 2005 and 2015 at KIMS Hospital were included. Primary outcome was mortality rate at 30 days. Seven patients were included in the study (mean age, 58.29±9.8 years). 5 patients had anterior wall myocardial infarction (AWMI) & 2 had inferior wall myocardial infarction (IWMI). None of the patients received thrombolytic therapy. Device was successfully placed in 5 patients (71.4%) with minimal residual shunt in 2 patients (40%). Out of 7 cases 2 patients survived (29% survival rate) and are doing well on follow up at 1 and 5 years respectively. Cardiogenic shock, IWMI and serpigenious form of VSR were associated with poor outcomes. Delayed revascularization (PCI) was associated with better outcomes.ConclusionPercutaneous closure is a potential technique in a selected group of patients. The presence of cardiogenic shock, IWMI and serpigeneous form of VSR constitutes important risk factors for mortality. Device implantation is in general successful with few procedure-related complications and should be applied on a case-by-case basis.
| S-EPMC5388014 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Ventricular septal rupture is a rare and potentially fatal complication of transmural myocardial infarction. Early identification utilising transthoracic echocardiography significantly improves long term outcomes in these patients. We report on a case of a 77-year-old male who presented with signs and symptoms of cardiac failure and a loud systolic murmur. The patient underwent an initial point-of-care ultrasound which revealed evidence of a transmural myocardial infarction and a high suspicion of an apical ventricular septal rupture. A complete transthoracic echocardiogram confirmed the septal rupture diagnosis and the patient subsequently underwent surgical repair of the ventricular rupture. This case highlights the role of echocardiography in decreasing adverse outcomes in patients with ventricular septal rupture.
| S-EPMC7412945 | biostudies-literature
Project description: Not available
| S-EPMC9196318 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundVentricular septal rupture (VSR), a mechanical complication following an acute myocardial infarction (MI), is thought to result from coagulation necrosis due to lack of collateral reperfusion. Although the gold standard test to confirm left-to-right shunting between ventricular cavities remains invasive ventriculography, two-dimensional transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) with color flow Doppler and cardiac MRI (CMR) are reliable tests for the non-invasive diagnosis of VSR.Case presentationA 62-year-old Caucasian female presented with a late case of a VSR post inferior MI diagnosed by multimodality cardiac imaging including TTE, CMR and ventriculography.ConclusionWe review the presentation, diagnosis and management of VSR post MI.
| S-EPMC3505164 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Ventricular septal rupture (VSR) is an uncommon but potentially fatal complication of acute myocardial infarction (AMI). The management of VSR is challenging, and its surgical correction is associated with the highest mortality among all cardiac surgery procedures. A 57-year-old man with a history of smoking presented with AMI with a large apical VSR in addition to a large secundum atrial septal defect (ASD). His left ventricular ejection fraction was 30%, and the right ventricle was moderately dilated with normal systolic function. Cardiac catheterization revealed that the left anterior descending artery was diffusely diseased with total mid occlusion, whereas other coronary arteries had non-obstructive disease. This unique combination resulted in distinctive presentation with paradoxically better outcomes. After stabilization, the patient's interventricular septum was reconstructed, and the ASD was closed with a pericardial patch. The post-operative period was uneventful, and the patient was discharged 1 week after surgery. A follow-up echocardiography revealed no residual shunt. Post-myocardial infarction VSR presents differently in patients with pre-existing right ventricular volume overload. In such cases, the absence of significant cardiogenic shock at presentation may result in better surgical outcomes.
| S-EPMC6601236 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundVentricular septal rupture (VSR) is a rare complication after acute myocardial infarction (AMI) especially in the reperfusion era but its associated mortality has remained high. This case series evaluated in-hospital and intermediate-term mortality in VSR patients. Additionally, we also analyzed risk factors, clinical presentation, intervention, and predictors of in-hospital mortality in VSR patients.MethodsData of 67 patients with echocardiography confirmed diagnosis of VSR from January 2011 to April 2020 was extracted from hospital medical records. Records were also reviewed to document 30 day and 1-year mortality, recurrent heart failure admission, repeat myocardial infarction, and revascularization. In addition, telephonic follow-up was done to assess health-related quality of life(HRQOL) assessed by KCCQ-12. SCAI shock classification was used to categorize severity of cardiogenic shock. Univariate and multivariable logistic regression was used to determine predictors of in-hospital mortality. Survival function was presented using the Kaplan-Meier survival curve.ResultsMean age of patients was 62.7 ± 11.1 years, 62.7% were males. 65.7% of the patients presented more than 24 hours after MI and did not receive reperfusion therapy. Median time from AMI to VSR diagnosis was 2 (1-5) days. VSR closure was attempted in 53.7% patients. In-hospital mortality was 65.7%. At univariate level, predictors of in-hospital mortality were non-surgical management, basal VSR, right ventricular dysfunction, early VSR post-MI, and severe cardiogenic shock at admission (class C, D, or E). Adjusted predictors of in-hospital mortality included non-surgical management, basal VSR and advanced cardiogenic shock. There were 5 deaths during median followup of 44.1 months. HRQOL in patients available on followup was good (54.5%) or excellent (45.5%).ConclusionHigh in-hospital mortality was seen in VSR patients. VSR closure is the preferred treatment to get long-term survival, however, timing of repair as well as severity of cardiogenic shock plays a significant role in determining prognosis.
| S-EPMC9612533 | biostudies-literature
Project description:IntroductionVentricular septal rupture (VSR) is a rare complication of ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), typically discovered post-revascularization.Case reportWe present the first case of VSR detected on point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) in the emergency department immediately prior to emergent angiography, with management positively affected by this discovery. The VSR was quickly confirmed via right heart catheterization. Subsequently, hemodynamic stability was achieved using an intra-aortic balloon pump. A delayed surgical VSR repair, with concomitant coronary artery bypass grafting, was implemented for definitive management.ConclusionThis case highlights the utility of POCUS in a STEMI patient with a suspected mechanical complication.
| S-EPMC7434273 | biostudies-literature
Project description:The incidence of post-acute myocardial infarction ventricular septal rupture (post-AMI VSR) has decreased; however, mortality after surgical repair of post-AMI VSR remains high. Patients who are not surgical candidates can be managed by heart transplant with a good outcome. A heart transplant in a patient after successful repair of VSR has never been reported. We report a patient who had persistent right heart failure after the successful repair of VSR and underwent a heart transplant with a good outcome.
| S-EPMC10543756 | biostudies-literature
Project description:ImportanceVentricular septal rupture (VSR) is a rare but life-threatening mechanical complication of acute myocardial infarction associated with high mortality despite prompt treatment. Surgery represents the standard of care; however, only small single-center series or national registries are usually available in literature, whereas international multicenter investigations have been poorly carried out, therefore limiting the evidence on this topic.ObjectivesTo assess the clinical characteristics and early outcomes for patients who received surgery for postinfarction VSR and to identify factors independently associated with mortality.Design, setting, and participantsThe Mechanical Complications of Acute Myocardial Infarction: an International Multicenter Cohort (CAUTION) Study is a retrospective multicenter international cohort study that includes patients who were treated surgically for mechanical complications of acute myocardial infarction. The study was conducted from January 2001 to December 2019 at 26 different centers worldwide among 475 consecutive patients who underwent surgery for postinfarction VSR.ExposuresSurgical treatment of postinfarction VSR, independent of the technique, alone or combined with other procedures (eg, coronary artery bypass grafting).Main outcomes and measuresThe primary outcome was early mortality; secondary outcomes were postoperative complications.ResultsOf the 475 patients included in the study, 290 (61.1%) were men, with a mean (SD) age of 68.5 (10.1) years. Cardiogenic shock was present in 213 patients (44.8%). Emergent or salvage surgery was performed in 212 cases (44.6%). The early mortality rate was 40.4% (192 patients), and it did not improve during the nearly 20 years considered for the study (median [IQR] yearly mortality, 41.7% [32.6%-50.0%]). Low cardiac output syndrome and multiorgan failure were the most common causes of death (low cardiac output syndrome, 70 [36.5%]; multiorgan failure, 53 [27.6%]). Recurrent VSR occurred in 59 participants (12.4%) but was not associated with mortality. Cardiogenic shock (survived: 95 [33.6%]; died, 118 [61.5%]; P < .001) and early surgery (time to surgery ≥7 days, survived: 105 [57.4%]; died, 47 [35.1%]; P < .001) were associated with lower survival. At multivariate analysis, older age (odds ratio [OR], 1.05; 95% CI, 1.02-1.08; P = .001), preoperative cardiac arrest (OR, 2.71; 95% CI, 1.18-6.27; P = .02) and percutaneous revascularization (OR, 1.63; 95% CI, 1.003-2.65; P = .048), and postoperative need for intra-aortic balloon pump (OR, 2.98; 95% CI, 1.46-6.09; P = .003) and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (OR, 3.19; 95% CI, 1.30-7.38; P = .01) were independently associated with mortality.Conclusions and relevanceIn this study, surgical repair of postinfarction VSR was associated with a high risk of early mortality; this risk has remained unchanged during the last 2 decades. Delayed surgery seemed associated with better survival. Age, preoperative cardiac arrest and percutaneous revascularization, and postoperative need for intra-aortic balloon pump and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation were independently associated with early mortality. Further prospective studies addressing preoperative and perioperative patient management are warranted to hopefully improve the currently suboptimal outcome.
| S-EPMC8529403 | biostudies-literature