Structure of the SWI/SNF complex bound to the nucleosome and insights into the functional modularity.
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ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: He Z
PROVIDER: S-EPMC8079448 | biostudies-literature |
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
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Project description:The chromatin-remodelling complex SWI/SNF is highly conserved and has critical roles in various cellular processes, including transcription and DNA-damage repair1,2. It hydrolyses ATP to remodel chromatin structure by sliding and evicting histone octamers3-8, creating DNA regions that become accessible to other essential factors. However, our mechanistic understanding of the remodelling activity is hindered by the lack of a high-resolution structure of complexes from this family. Here we report the cryo-electron microscopy structure of Saccharomyces cerevisiae SWI/SNF bound to a nucleosome, at near-atomic resolution. In the structure, the actin-related protein (Arp) module is sandwiched between the ATPase and the rest of the complex, with the Snf2 helicase-SANT associated (HSA) domain connecting all modules. The body contains an assembly scaffold composed of conserved subunits Snf12 (also known as SMARCD or BAF60), Snf5 (also known as SMARCB1, BAF47 or INI1) and an asymmetric dimer of Swi3 (also known as SMARCC, BAF155 or BAF170). Another conserved subunit, Swi1 (also known as ARID1 or BAF250), resides in the core of SWI/SNF, acting as a molecular hub. We also observed interactions between Snf5 and the histones at the acidic patch, which could serve as an anchor during active DNA translocation. Our structure enables us to map and rationalize a subset of cancer-related mutations in the human SWI/SNF complex and to propose a model for how SWI/SNF recognizes and remodels the +1 nucleosome to generate nucleosome-depleted regions during gene activation9.
| S-EPMC7319049 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Chromatin-remodelling complexes of the SWI/SNF family function in the formation of nucleosome-depleted, transcriptionally active promoter regions (NDRs)1,2. In the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the essential SWI/SNF complex RSC3 contains 16 subunits, including the ATP-dependent DNA translocase Sth14,5. RSC removes nucleosomes from promoter regions6,7 and positions the specialized +1 and -1 nucleosomes that flank NDRs8,9. Here we present the cryo-electron microscopy structure of RSC in complex with a nucleosome substrate. The structure reveals that RSC forms five protein modules and suggests key features of the remodelling mechanism. The body module serves as a scaffold for the four flexible modules that we call DNA-interacting, ATPase, arm and actin-related protein (ARP) modules. The DNA-interacting module binds extra-nucleosomal DNA and is involved in the recognition of promoter DNA elements8,10,11 that influence RSC functionality12. The ATPase and arm modules sandwich the nucleosome disc with the Snf2 ATP-coupling (SnAC) domain and the finger helix, respectively. The translocase motor of the ATPase module engages with the edge of the nucleosome at superhelical location +2. The mobile ARP module may modulate translocase-nucleosome interactions to regulate RSC activity5. The RSC-nucleosome structure provides a basis for understanding NDR formation and the structure and function of human SWI/SNF complexes that are frequently mutated in cancer13.
| S-EPMC7093204 | biostudies-literature
Project description:SWI/SNF remodelers play a key role in regulating chromatin architecture and gene expression. Here, we report the cryo-EM structure of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae Swi/Snf complex in a nucleosome-free state. The structure consists of a stable triangular base module and a flexible Arp module. The conserved subunits Swi1 and Swi3 form the backbone of the complex and closely interact with other components. Snf6, which is specific for yeast Swi/Snf complex, stabilizes the binding of the ATPase-containing subunit Snf2 to the base module. Comparison of the yeast Swi/Snf and RSC complexes reveals conserved structural features that govern the assembly and function of these two subfamilies of chromatin remodelers. Our findings complement those from recent structures of the yeast and human chromatin remodelers and provide further insights into the assembly and function of the SWI/SNF remodelers.
| S-EPMC7340788 | biostudies-literature
Project description:The switch defective/sucrose non-fermentable (SWI/SNF) multisubunit complex plays an important role in the regulation of gene expression by remodeling chromatin structure. Three SWI/SNF complexes have been identified in Arabidopsis including BAS, SAS, and MAS. Many subunits of these complexes are involved in controlling plant development and stress response. However, the function of these complexes has hardly been studied in other plant species. In this study, we identified the subunits of the SWI/SNF complex in sorghum and analyzed their evolutionary relationships in six grass species. The grass species conserved all the subunits as in Arabidopsis, but gene duplication occurred diversely in different species. Expression pattern analysis in sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) showed that most of the subunit-encoding genes were expressed constitutively, although the expression level was different. Transactivation assays revealed that SbAN3, SbGIF3, and SbSWI3B possessed transactivation activity, which suggests that they may interact with the pre-initiation complex (PIC) to activate transcription. We chose 12 subunits in sorghum to investigate their interaction relationship by yeast two-hybrid assay. We found that these subunits displayed distinct interaction patterns compared to their homologs in Arabidopsis and rice. This suggests that different SWI/SNF complexes may be formed in sorghum to perform chromatin remodeling functions. Through the integrated analysis of MNase-seq and RNA-seq data, we uncovered a positive relationship between gene expression levels and nucleosome phasing. Furthermore, we found differential global nucleosome enrichments between leaves and roots, as well as in response to PEG treatment, suggesting that dynamics of nucleosome occupancy, which is probably mediated by the SWI/SNF complex, may play important roles in sorghum development and stress response.
| S-EPMC11234113 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Precise nucleosome-positioning patterns at promoters are thought to be crucial for faithful transcriptional regulation. However, the mechanisms by which these patterns are established, are dynamically maintained, and subsequently contribute to transcriptional control are poorly understood. The switch/sucrose non-fermentable chromatin remodeling complex, also known as the Brg1 associated factors complex, is a master developmental regulator and tumor suppressor capable of mobilizing nucleosomes in biochemical assays. However, its role in establishing the nucleosome landscape in vivo is unclear. Here we have inactivated Snf5 and Brg1, core subunits of the mammalian Swi/Snf complex, to evaluate their effects on chromatin structure and transcription levels genomewide. We find that inactivation of either subunit leads to disruptions of specific nucleosome patterning combined with a loss of overall nucleosome occupancy at a large number of promoters, regardless of their association with CpG islands. These rearrangements are accompanied by gene expression changes that promote cell proliferation. Collectively, these findings define a direct relationship between chromatin-remodeling complexes, chromatin structure, and transcriptional regulation.
| S-EPMC3690861 | biostudies-literature
Project description:ATP-dependent chromatin remodeling complexes play a critical role in chromatin dynamics. A large number of in vitro studies have pointed towards nucleosome sliding as the principal remodeling outcome of SWI/SNF action, whereas few have described histone octamer transfer as the principal outcome. In contrast, recent in vivo studies have linked the activity of SWI/SNF to histone eviction in trans from gene promoters. In this study, we have found that the chimeric transcription factor Gal4-VP16 can enhance SWI/SNF histone octamer transfer activity, resulting in targeted histone eviction from a nucleosome probe. This effect is dependent on the presence of the activation domain. We observed that under conditions mimicking the in vivo relative abundance of SWI/SNF with respect to the total number of nucleosomes in a cell nucleus, the accessibility of the transcription factor binding site is the first determinant in the sequence of events leading to nucleosome remodeling. We propose a model mechanism for this transcription factor-mediated enhancement of SWI/SNF octamer transfer activity.
| S-EPMC1794382 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Argonaute (AGO) proteins have a well-established role in post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression as key component of the RNA silencing pathways. Recent evidence involves AGO proteins in mammalian nuclear processes such as transcription and splicing, though the mechanistic aspects of AGO nuclear functions remain largely elusive. Here, by SILAC-based interaction proteomics, we identify the chromatin-remodelling complex SWI/SNF as a novel AGO2 interactor in human cells. Moreover, we show that nuclear AGO2 is loaded with a novel class of Dicer-dependent short RNAs (sRNAs), that we called swiRNAs, which map nearby the Transcription Start Sites (TSSs) bound by SWI/SNF. The knock-down of AGO2 decreases nucleosome occupancy at the first nucleosome located downstream of TSSs in a swiRNA-dependent manner. Our findings indicate that in human cells AGO2 binds SWI/SNF and a novel class of sRNAs to establish nucleosome occupancy on target TSSs.
| S-EPMC4330357 | biostudies-literature
Project description:The organization of DNA in chromatin is involved in repressing basal transcription of a number of inducible genes. Biochemically defined multiprotein complexes such as SWI/SNF (J. Côté, J. Quinn, J. L. Workman, and C. L. Peterson, Science 265:53-60, 1994) and nucleosome remodeling factor (T. Tsukiyama and C. Wu, Cell 83:1011-1020, 1995) disrupt nucleosomes in vitro and are thus candidates for complexes which cause chromatin decondensation during gene induction. In this study we show that the glucocorticoid receptor (GR), a hormone-inducible transcription factor, stimulates the nucleosome-disrupting activity of the SWI/SNF complex partially purified either from HeLa cells or from rat liver tissue. This GR-mediated stimulation of SWI/SNF nucleosome disruption depended on the presence of a glucocorticoid response element. The in vitro-reconstituted nucleosome probes used in these experiments harbored 95 bp of synthetic DNA-bending sequence in order to rotationally position the DNA. The GR-dependent stimulation of SWI/SNF-mediated nucleosome disruption, as evaluated by DNase I footprinting, was 2.7- to 3.8-fold for the human SWI/SNF complex and 2.5- to 3.2-fold for the rat SWI/SNF complex. When nuclear factor 1 (NF1) was used instead of GR, there was no stimulation of SWI/SNF activity in the presence of a mononucleosome containing an NF1 binding site. On the other hand, the SWI/SNF nucleosome disruption activity increased the access of NF1 for its nucleosomal binding site. No such effect was seen on binding of GR to its response element. Our results suggest that GR, but not NF1, is able to target the nucleosome-disrupting activity of the SWI/SNF complex.
| S-EPMC231816 | biostudies-other
Project description:BAF and PBAF are mammalian SWI/SNF family chromatin remodeling complexes that possess multiple histone/DNA-binding subunits and create nucleosome-depleted/free regions for transcription activation. Despite previous structural studies and recent advance of SWI/SNF family complexes, it remains incompletely understood how PBAF-nucleosome complex is organized. Here we determined structure of 13-subunit human PBAF in complex with acetylated nucleosome in ADP-BeF3-bound state. Four PBAF-specific subunits work together with nine BAF/PBAF-shared subunits to generate PBAF-specific modular organization, distinct from that of BAF at various regions. PBAF-nucleosome structure reveals six histone-binding domains and four DNA-binding domains/modules, the majority of which directly bind histone/DNA. This multivalent nucleosome-binding pattern, not observed in previous studies, suggests that PBAF may integrate comprehensive chromatin information to target genomic loci for function. Our study reveals molecular organization of subunits and histone/DNA-binding domains/modules in PBAF-nucleosome complex and provides structural insights into PBAF-mediated nucleosome association complimentary to the recently reported PBAF-nucleosome structure.
| S-EPMC9741621 | biostudies-literature
Project description:The regulation of gene expression at the level of transcription involves the concerted action of several proteins and protein complexes committed to dynamically alter the surrounding chromatin environment of a gene being activated or repressed. ATP-dependent chromatin remodeling complexes are key factors in chromatin remodeling, and the SWI/SNF complex is the founding member. While many studies have linked the action of these complexes to specific transcriptional regulation of a large number of genes and much is known about their catalytic activity, less is known about the nuclear elements that can enhance or modulate their activity. A number of studies have found that certain High Mobility Group (HMG) proteins are able to stimulate ATP-dependent chromatin remodeling activity, but their influence on the different biochemical outcomes of this activity is still unknown. In this work we studied the influence of the yeast Nhp6A, Nhp6B and Hmo1 proteins (HMGB family members) on different biochemical outcomes of yeast SWI/SNF remodeling activity. We found that all these HMG proteins stimulate the sliding activity of ySWI/SNF, while transient exposure of nucleosomal DNA and octamer transfer catalyzed by this complex are only stimulated by Hmo1. Consistently, only Hmo1 stimulates SWI/SNF binding to the nucleosome. Additionally, the sliding activity of another chromatin remodeling complex, ISW1a, is only stimulated by Hmo1. Further analyses show that these differential stimulatory effects of Hmo1 are dependent on the presence of its C-terminal tail, which contains a stretch of acidic and basic residues.
| S-EPMC4134981 | biostudies-literature