Electronic Cigarettes and Fecundability: Results From a Prospective Preconception Cohort Study.
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SUBMITTER: Harlow AF
PROVIDER: S-EPMC8086241 | biostudies-literature |
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
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Project description:BackgroundAnimal and epidemiologic studies indicate that air pollution may adversely affect fertility. Epidemiologic studies have been restricted largely to couples undergoing fertility treatment or have retrospectively ascertained time-to-pregnancy among pregnant women.ObjectivesWe examined the association between residential ambient air pollution and fecundability, the per-cycle probability of conception, in a large preconception cohort of Danish pregnancy planners.MethodsDuring 2007-2018, we used the Internet to recruit and follow women who were trying to conceive without the use of fertility treatment. Participants completed an online baseline questionnaire eliciting socio-demographic characteristics, lifestyle factors, and medical and reproductive histories and follow-up questionnaires every 8 weeks to ascertain pregnancy status. We determined concentrations of ambient nitrogen oxides (NOx ), nitrogen dioxide (NO2 ), carbon monoxide (CO), ozone (O3 ), particulate matter <2.5 µm (PM2.5 ) and <10 µm (PM10 ), and sulphur dioxide (SO2 ) at each participant's residential address. We calculated average exposure during the year before baseline, during each menstrual cycle over follow-up and during the entire pregnancy attempt time. We used proportional probabilities regression models to estimate fecundability ratios (FRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs), adjusting for potential confounders and co-pollutants. The analysis was restricted to the 10,183 participants who were trying to conceive for <12 cycles at study entry whose addresses could be geocoded.ResultsDuring 12 months of follow-up, 73% of participants conceived. Higher concentrations of PM2.5 and PM10 were associated with small reductions in fecundability. For example, the FRs for a one interquartile range (IQR) increase in PM2.5 (IQR = 3.2 µg/m3 ) and PM10 (IQR = 5.3 µg/m3 ) during each menstrual cycle were 0.93 (95% CI: 0.87, 0.99) and 0.91 (95% CI: 0.84, 0.99), respectively. Other air pollutants were not appreciably associated with fecundability.ConclusionsIn this preconception cohort study of Danish women, residential exposures to PM2.5 and PM10 were associated with reduced fecundability.
| S-EPMC8712376 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) have gained their popularity as a substitute for cigarettes or cigars. Despite the widespread use of flavoring chemicals in e-cigarettes, the health impacts of the flavoring compounds, in particular their effects on critical cellular function in the lung, remain largely unknown. The goal of this study was to identify transcriptomic changes and impacted biological pathways in primary human bronchial epithelial cells (HBECs) exposed to flavoring chemicals (diacetyl or 2,3-pentanedione) and to flavored e-cigarette smoke. An airway-liquid interface culturing method was used to differentiate primary human bronchial epithelial cells (HBECs) into mature epithelial cells, which were then treated with 25 ppm diacetyl, 100 ppm 2,3 pentanedione, or e-cigarette smoke solution containing 2 ppm diacetyl. Poly(A)-selected RNA-Seq libraries were prepared with the PrepX RNA-Seq for Illumina Library kit. An Illumina HiSeq 2500 instrument was used to generate 50 base pair single-end reads. STAR was used to align sequencing reads to the hg38 reference genome, and HTSeq was used to quantify transcript levels. DESeq2 was used to perform differential expression analysis.
2019-08-21 | GSE118431 | GEO
Project description:Study questionIs bacterial vaginosis (BV) associated with fecundability?Summary answerWomen with BV may be at increased risk for sub-fecundity.What is known alreadyWhile BV has been associated with poor IVF outcomes, the association between vaginal microbiota disruption and non-medically assisted conception has not been thoroughly explored.Study design, size, durationKenyan women with fertility intent were enrolled in prospective cohort that included monthly preconception visits with vaginal fluid specimen collection and pregnancy testing. Four hundred fifty-eight women attempting pregnancy for ≤3 menstrual cycles at enrollment were eligible for this fecundability analysis.Participants/materials, setting, methodsAt monthly preconception visits, participants reported the first day of last menstrual period and sexual behavior, underwent pregnancy testing and provided vaginal specimens. Discrete time proportional probabilities models were used to estimate fecundability ratios (FRs) and 95% CI in menstrual cycles with and without BV (Nugent score ≥ 7) at the visit prior to each pregnancy test. We also assessed the association between persistent BV (BV at two consecutive visits) and fecundability.Main results and the role of chanceParticipants contributed 1376 menstrual cycles; 18.5% (n = 255) resulted in pregnancy. After adjusting for age, frequency of condomless sex and study site, BV at the visit prior to pregnancy testing was associated with a 17% lower fecundability (adjusted FR (aFR) 0.83, 95% CI 0.6-1.1). Persistent BV was associated with a 43% reduction in fecundability compared to cycles characterized by optimal vaginal health (aFR 0.57, 95% CI 0.4-0.8).Limitations, reasons for cautionDetection of vaginal microbiota disruption using Gram stain and a point-of-care test for elevated sialidase identified a non-optimal vaginal environment, but these non-specific methods may miss important relationships that could be identified by characterizing individual vaginal bacteria and bacterial communities using molecular methods. In addition, results may be subject to residual confounding by condomless sex as this was reported for the prior month rather than for the fertile window during each cycle.Wider implications of the findingsGiven the high global prevalence of BV and infertility, an association between BV and reduced fecundability could have important implications for a large number of women who wish to conceive. Multi-omics approaches to studying the vaginal microbiota may provide key insights into this association and identify potential targets for intervention.Study funding/competing interest(s)This work was supported by a National Institutes of Health grant (NICHD R01 HD087346-R.S.M.). R.S.M. received additional support for mentoring (NICHD K24 HD88229). E.M.L. was supported by pre- and post-doctoral fellowships (NIAID T32 AI07140, NICHD F32 HD100202). Data collection and management were made possible using REDCap electronic data capture tools hosted at the University of Washington's Institute of Translational Health Science supported by grants from NCATS/NIH (UL1 TR002319). The content of this paper is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the National Institutes of Health. R.S.M. receives research funding, paid to the University of Washington, from Hologic Corporation, and has received honoraria for consulting from Lupin Pharmaceuticals. L.E.M. receives research funding, paid to the University of Washington, from Hologic Corporation, and has received honoraria for service on scientific advisory boards from Hologic and Nabriva Therapeutics.Trial registration numberN/A.
| S-EPMC8679172 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundSeveral studies indicate adverse effects of selected heat exposures on semen quality, but few studies have directly evaluated fertility as an endpoint.ObjectiveWe evaluated prospectively the association between male heat exposures and fecundability, the per-cycle probability of conception.Materials and methodsWe analyzed data from 3041 couples residing in the United States or Canada who enrolled in a prospective preconception cohort study (2013-2021). At enrollment, males reported on several heat-related exposures, such as use of saunas, hot baths, seat heaters, and tight-fitting underwear. Pregnancy status was updated on female follow-up questionnaires every 8 weeks until conception or a censoring event (initiation of fertility treatment, cessation of pregnancy attempts, withdrawal, loss to follow-up, or 12 cycles), whichever came first. We used proportional probabilities regression models to estimate fecundability ratios (FR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the association between heat exposures and fecundability, mutually adjusting for heat exposures and other potential confounders.ResultsWe observed small inverse associations for hot bath/tub use (≥3 vs. 0 times/month: FR = 0.87, 95% CI: 0.70-1.07) and fever in the 3 months before baseline (FR = 0.94, 95% CI: 0.79-1.12; one cycle of follow-up: FR = 0.84, 95% CI: 0.64-1.11). Little association was found for sauna use, hours of laptop use on one's lap, seat heater use, time spent sitting, and use of tight-fitting underwear. Based on a cumulative heat metric, FRs for 1, 2, 3, and ≥4 versus 0 heat exposures were 0.99 (95% CI: 0.87-1.12), 1.03 (95% CI: 0.89-1.19), 0.94 (95% CI: 0.74-1.19), and 0.77 (95% CI: 0.50-1.17), respectively. Associations were stronger among men aged ≥30 years (≥4 vs. 0 heat exposures: FR = 0.60, 95% CI: 0.34-1.04).ConclusionMale use of hot tubs/baths and fever showed weak inverse associations with fecundability. Cumulative exposure to multiple heat sources was associated with a moderate reduction in fecundability, particularly among males aged ≥30 years.
| S-EPMC9588744 | biostudies-literature
Project description:ObjectiveTo examine the association between plasma glycemia in women attempting to conceive and fecundability, as measured by time to pregnancy.DesignProspective preconception population-based study.SettingHospital.Patient(s)Asian preconception women, 18-45 years old, attempting conception for ≤12 cycles at study entry.Intervention(s)None.Main outcome measure(s)We ascertained time to pregnancy within a year of glycemic assessment in menstrual cycles. We estimated fecundability ratios (FRs) and 95% confidence intervals using discrete-time proportional hazards models, adjusting for age, ethnicity, education, body mass index, and cycle regularity and accounting for left truncation and right censoring.Result(s)We studied a population sample of 766 women from the Singapore Preconception Study of Long-Term Maternal and Child Outcomes prospective cohort. Compared with women with normoglycemia, women with dysglycemia (prediabetes and diabetes, defined by the American Diabetes Association) had a lower FR (0.56). Compared with the respective lowest quintiles, women in the highest quintile of fasting glucose (≥5.1 mmol/L) had an FR of 0.60, while women in the highest 2-hour postload glucose quintile (≥6.9 mmol/L) had an FR of 0.66. Overall, the FRs decreased generally across the range of fasting and 2-hour plasma glucose. Glycated hemoglobin was not associated with fecundability.Conclusion(s)Increasing preconception plasma glucose is associated with reduced fecundability, even within the normal range of glucose concentrations.Clinical trial registration numberNCT03531658.
| S-EPMC7116633 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundObesity compromises metabolic health and female fertility, yet not all obese women are similar in metabolic status. The extent to which fecundability is influenced by the metabolic health status of women who are overweight or obese before conception is unknown.ObjectiveThis study aimed to: (1) determine the metabolic health status, and (2) examine the association between metabolic health status and fecundability of overweight and obese women trying to conceive in the Singapore PREconception Study of long-Term maternal and child Outcomes cohort study.Study designWe conducted a prospective preconception cohort study of Asian women (Chinese, Malay, and Indian) aged 18 to 45 years trying to conceive who were treated from 2015 to 2017 in KK Women's and Children's Hospital in Singapore (n=834). We defined women to have metabolically unhealthy status if they: (1) met 3 or more modified Joint Interim Statement metabolic syndrome criteria; or (2) had homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance index ≥2.5. Body mass index was categorized as normal (18.5-22.9 kg/m2), overweight (23-27.4 kg/m2), or obese (≥27.5 kg/m2) on the basis of cutoff points for Asian populations. Fecundability was measured by time to pregnancy in menstrual cycles within a year of enrolment. Discrete-time proportional hazards models were used to estimate fecundability odds ratios, with adjustment for confounders and accounting for left truncation and right censoring.ResultsOf 232 overweight women, 28 (12.1%) and 25 (10.8%) were metabolically unhealthy by metabolic syndrome ≥3 criteria and homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance ≥2.5, respectively. Of 175 obese women, 54 (30.9%) and 93 (53.1%) were metabolically unhealthy by metabolic syndrome ≥3 criteria and homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance ≥2.5, respectively. Compared with metabolically healthy normal-weight women, lower fecundability was observed in metabolically unhealthy overweight women on the basis of metabolic syndrome criteria (fecundability odds ratios, 0.38 [95% confidence interval, 0.15-0.92]) and homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance (fecundability odds ratios, 0.68 [95% confidence interval, 0.33-1.39]), with metabolic syndrome criteria showing a stronger association. Metabolically unhealthy obese women showed lower fecundability than the healthy normal-weight reference group by both metabolic syndrome (fecundability odds ratios, 0.35; 95% confidence interval, 0.17-0.72) and homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance criteria (fecundability odds ratios, 0.43; 95% confidence interval, 0.26-0.71). Reduced fecundability was not observed in overweight or obese women who showed healthy metabolic profiles by either definition.ConclusionOverweight or obesity was not synonymous with having metabolic syndrome or insulin resistance. In our preconception cohort, metabolically unhealthy overweight and obese women showed reduced fecundability, unlike their counterparts who were metabolically healthy. These findings suggest that metabolic health status, rather than simply being overweight and obese per se, plays an important role in fecundability.
| S-EPMC7612690 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundAnimal and epidemiologic studies indicate that air pollution may adversely affect fertility. However, the level of evidence is limited and specific pollutants driving the association are inconsistent across studies.MethodsWe used data from a web-based preconception cohort study of pregnancy planners enrolled during 2013-2019 (Pregnancy Study Online; PRESTO). Eligible participants self-identified as female, were aged 21-45 years, resided in the United States (U.S.) or Canada, and were trying to conceive without fertility treatments. Participants completed a baseline questionnaire and bi-monthly follow-up questionnaires until conception or 12 months. We analyzed data from 8,747 participants (U.S.: 7,304; Canada: 1,443) who had been trying to conceive for < 12 cycles at enrollment. We estimated residential ambient concentrations of particulate matter < 2.5 µm (PM2.5), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), and ozone (O3) using validated spatiotemporal models specific to each country. We fit country-specific proportional probabilities regression models to estimate the association between annual average, menstrual cycle-specific, and preconception average pollutant concentrations with fecundability, the per-cycle probability of conception. We calculated fecundability ratios (FRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) and adjusted for individual- and neighborhood-level confounders.ResultsIn the U.S., the FRs for a 5-µg/m3 increase in annual average, cycle-specific, and preconception average PM2.5 concentrations were 0.94 (95% CI: 0.83, 1.08), 1.00 (95% CI: 0.93, 1.07), and 1.00 (95% CI: 0.93, 1.09), respectively. In Canada, the corresponding FRs were 0.92 (95% CI: 0.74, 1.16), 0.97 (95% CI: 0.87, 1.09), and 0.94 (95% CI: 0.80, 1.09), respectively. Likewise, NO2 and O3 concentrations were not strongly associated with fecundability in either country.ConclusionsNeither annual average, menstrual cycle-specific, nor preconception average exposure to ambient PM2.5, NO2, and O3 were appreciably associated with reduced fecundability in this cohort of pregnancy planners.
| S-EPMC10841991 | biostudies-literature
Project description: Not available
| S-EPMC8058594 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundDiet is increasingly recognized as an important determinant of human fertility, with most research focused on specific nutrients or food groups. However, there has been limited assessment of the effect of dietary patterns on fertility.ObjectivesWe evaluated the association between 4 dietary patterns [the alternative Mediterranean Diet (aMed), the Healthy Eating Index-2010 (HEI-2010), the Danish Dietary Guidelines (DDGI), and the Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII)] and fecundability in 2 preconception cohorts of couples trying to conceive: SF (SnartForaeldre.dk) in Denmark and PRESTO (Pregnancy Study Online) in North America.MethodsParticipants completed a baseline questionnaire on sociodemographic, anthropometric, and lifestyle factors and, 10 d later, a validated cohort-specific FFQ. We used data from these respective FFQs to calculate adherence to each dietary pattern. Participants completed bimonthly follow-up questionnaires for ≤12 mo or until pregnancy, whichever came first. We restricted analyses to 3429 SF and 5803 PRESTO participants attempting pregnancy for ≤6 cycles at enrollment. We used proportional probabilities regression models to estimate fecundability ratios (FRs) and 95% CIs, adjusting for potential confounders.ResultsGreater DII, indicative of a less anti-inflammatory diet (i.e., poorer diet quality), was associated with reduced fecundability in both SF and PRESTO (DII ≥ -1.5 compared with < -3.3: FR: 0.83; 95% CI: 0.71, 0.97 and FR: 0.82; 95% CI: 0.73, 0.93, respectively). In PRESTO, greater adherence to the aMed or to the HEI-2010 was associated with greater fecundability. In SF, there was no appreciable association between the aMed and fecundability, whereas greater adherence to the DDGI was associated with greater fecundability.ConclusionsIn prospective preconception cohort studies from Denmark and North America, higher-quality diets, including diets lower in inflammatory effects, were associated with greater fecundability.
| S-EPMC9630871 | biostudies-literature