Multifaceted Roles of Adipose Tissue-Derived Exosomes in Physiological and Pathological Conditions.
Ontology highlight
ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Liu Y
PROVIDER: S-EPMC8093393 | biostudies-literature |
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
Similar Datasets
Project description:Brown-adipose-tissue glucose utilization rate and its insulin-sensitivity were measured in vivo in the anaesthetized rat by a 2-deoxy[1-3H]glucose technique. Glucose utilization can be increased 60-fold by insulin, to reach extremely high rates. Glucose utilization and its insulin-sensitivity are modulated in accordance with physiological or pathological conditions.
| S-EPMC1153011 | biostudies-other
Project description:ObjectiveGlucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) is secreted from the gut in response to nutrient ingestion and promotes meal-dependent insulin secretion and lipid metabolism. Loss or attenuation of GIP receptor (GIPR) action leads to resistance to diet-induced obesity through incompletely understood mechanisms. The GIPR is expressed in white adipose tissue; however, its putative role in brown adipose tissue (BAT) has not been explored.MethodsWe investigated the role of the GIPR in BAT cells in vitro and in BAT-specific (GiprBAT-/-) knockout mice with selective elimination of the Gipr within the Myf5+ expression domain. We analyzed body weight, adiposity, glucose homeostasis, insulin and lipid tolerance, energy expenditure, food intake, body temperature, and iBAT oxygen consumption ex vivo. High-fat diet (HFD)-fed GiprBAT-/- mice were studied at room temperature (21 °C), 4 °C, and 30 °C ambient temperatures.ResultsThe mouse Gipr gene is expressed in BAT, and GIP directly increased Il6 mRNA and IL-6 secretion in BAT cells. Additionally, levels of thermogenic, lipid and inflammation mRNA transcripts were altered in BAT cells transfected with Gipr siRNA. Body weight gain, energy expenditure, and glucose and insulin tolerance were normal in HFD-fed GiprBAT-/- mice housed at room temperature. However, GiprBAT-/- mice exhibited higher body temperatures during an acute cold challenge and a lower respiratory exchange ratio and impaired lipid tolerance at 21 °C. In contrast, body weight was lower and iBAT oxygen consumption was higher in HFD-fed mice housed at 4 °C but not at 30 °C.ConclusionsThe BAT GIPR is linked to the control of metabolic gene expression, fuel utilization, and oxygen consumption. However, the selective loss of the GIPR within BAT is insufficient to recapitulate the findings of decreased weight gain and resistance to obesity arising in experimental models with systemic disruption of GIP action.
| S-EPMC6822254 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) are an important stem cell type separated from adipose tissue, with the properties of multilineage differentiation, easy availability, high proliferation potential, and self-renewal. Exosomes are novel frontiers of intercellular communication regulating the biological behaviors of cells, such as angiogenesis, immune modulation, proliferation, and migration. ASC-derived exosomes (ASC-exos) are important components released by ASCs paracrine, possessing multiple biological activities. Tissue regeneration requires coordinated “vital networks” of multiple growth factors, proteases, progenitors, and immune cells producing inflammatory cytokines. Recently, as cell-to-cell messengers, ASC-exos have received much attention for the fact that they are important paracrine mediators contributing to their suitability for tissue regeneration. ASC-exos, with distinct properties by encapsulating various types of bioactive cargoes, are endowed with great application potential in tissue regeneration, mechanically via the migration and proliferation of repair cells, facilitation of the neovascularization, and other specific functions in different tissues. Here, this article elucidated the research progress of ASC-exos about tissue regeneration in plastic and cosmetic surgery, including skin anti-aging therapy, dermatitis improvement, wound healing, scar removal, flap transplantation, bone tissue repair and regeneration, obesity prevention, fat grafting, breast cancer, and breast reconstruction. Deciphering the biological properties of ASC-exos will provide further insights for exploring novel therapeutic strategies of tissue regeneration in plastic and cosmetic surgery.
| S-EPMC7511773 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Exosomes are nano-sized vesicles (30-200 nm) constantly released by almost all cells. The ability of exosomes to travel between cells and deliver their cargo, which includes lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids, makes them an appealing cell-free therapy option to treat multiple diseases. Here, we investigated for the first time whether human adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes (ASC-exosomes) can ameliorate atopic dermatitis (AD) in an in vivo mouse model. When injected either intravenously (IV) or subcutaneously (SC) into NC/Nga mice treated with house dust mite antigens, ASC-exosomes were found to reduce pathological symptoms such as clinical score, the levels of serum IgE, the number of eosinophils in blood, and the infiltration of mast cells, CD86+, and CD206+ cells in skin lesions. ASC-exosomes also significantly reduced mRNA expression of various inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin (IL)-4, IL-23, IL-31, and tumor necrosis factor-? (TNF-?) in AD skin lesions of Nc/Nga mice. Taken together, these results suggest that ASC-exosomes can be a novel promising cell-free therapeutic modality for AD treatment.
| S-EPMC6042362 | biostudies-other
Project description:Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by the accumulation of ?-amyloid peptide (A?) in the brain because of an imbalance between A? production and clearance. Neprilysin (NEP) is the most important A?-degrading enzyme in the brain. Thus, researchers have explored virus-mediated NEP gene delivery. However, such strategies may entail unexpected risks, and thus exploration of a new possibility for NEP delivery is also required. Here, we show that human adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADSCs) secrete exosomes carrying enzymatically active NEP. The NEP-specific activity level of 1??g protein from ADSC-derived exosomes was equivalent to that of ~ 0.3?ng of recombinant human NEP. Of note, ADSC-derived exosomes were transferred into N2a cells, and were suggested to decrease both secreted and intracellular A? levels in the N2a cells. Importantly, these characteristics were more pronounced in ADSCs than bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells, suggesting the therapeutic relevance of ADSC-derived exosomes for AD.
| S-EPMC3561625 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Exosomes are small vesicles secreted by all cell types in the brain and play a role in cell-cell communication through the transfer of cargo or encapsulation. Exosomes in the brain have considerable impact on neuronal development, activation, and regeneration. In addition, exosomes are reported to be involved in the onset and propagation of various neurodegenerative diseases. In this review, we discuss the content of exosomes derived from major cell types in the brain, and their function under physiological and pathological conditions.
| S-EPMC7340524 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Interscapular brown adipose tissue (iBAT) of both rabbits and humans exhibits a similar whitening phenomenon under physiological conditions. However, a detailed characterization of iBAT whitening in them is still lacking. Here, we chose rabbits as a model to gain a better understanding of the molecular signature changes during the whitening process of iBAT by transcriptomic analysis of rabbit iBAT at day 1, day 14, 1 month and 4 months after birth. We applied non-invasive MRI imaging to monitor the whitening process and correlated these changes with analysis of morphological, histological and molecular features. Principal component analysis (PCA) of differentially expressed genes delineated three major phases for the whitening process as Brown, Transition and Whitened BAT phases. RNA-sequencing data revealed that whitening of iBAT was an orchestrated process where multiple types of cells and tissues participated in a variety of physiological processes including neovascularization, formation of new nervous networks and immune regulation. Several key metabolic and signalling pathways contributed to whitening of iBAT, and immune cells and immune regulation appeared to play an overarching role.
| S-EPMC9427046 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Aldose reductase (AR) is an aldo-keto reductase that catalyzes the first step in the polyol pathway which converts glucose to sorbitol. Under normal glucose homeostasis the pathway represents a minor route of glucose metabolism that operates in parallel with glycolysis. However, during hyperglycemia the flux of glucose via the polyol pathway increases significantly, leading to excessive formation of sorbitol. The polyol pathway-driven accumulation of osmotically active sorbitol has been implicated in the development of secondary diabetic complications such as retinopathy, nephropathy, and neuropathy. Based on the notion that inhibition of AR could prevent these complications a range of AR inhibitors have been developed and tested; however, their clinical efficacy has been found to be marginal at best. Moreover, recent work has shown that AR participates in the detoxification of aldehydes that are derived from lipid peroxidation and their glutathione conjugates. Although in some contexts this antioxidant function of AR helps protect against tissue injury and dysfunction, the metabolic transformation of the glutathione conjugates of lipid peroxidation-derived aldehydes could also lead to the generation of reactive metabolites that can stimulate mitogenic or inflammatory signaling events. Thus, inhibition of AR could have both salutary and injurious outcomes. Nevertheless, accumulating evidence suggests that inhibition of AR could modify the effects of cardiovascular disease, asthma, neuropathy, sepsis, and cancer; therefore, additional work is required to selectively target AR inhibitors to specific disease states. Despite past challenges, we opine that a more gainful consideration of therapeutic modulation of AR activity awaits clearer identification of the specific role(s) of the AR enzyme in health and disease.
| S-EPMC8541668 | biostudies-literature
Project description:In recent years, adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) and derived exosomes (ADSC-Ex) have been investigated for their therapeutic potential in various diseases due to their satisfactory differentiation and regeneration ability. We aimed to explore the potential treatment of ADSCs and ADSC-Ex for testicular injury caused by cisplatin. ADSCs and ADSC-Ex s were identified and extracted to treat the rat model with testicular injury caused by cisplatin. Then the immunohistochemistry and Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) were used to detect the potential treatment of ADSCs and ADSC-Ex. We found that ADSCs and ADSC-Ex significantly improved the testicular tissue damage, increased the number of germ cells, and improved the arrangement of the seminiferous tubules. The levels of malondialdehyde and testosterone were also improved. We speculated that ADSCs and ADSC-Ex may alleviate the testicular injury caused by cisplatin.
| S-EPMC10843130 | biostudies-literature
Project description:The ever-increasing incidence of obesity and related disorders impose serious challenges on public health worldwide. Brown adipose tissue (BAT) has strong capacity for promoting energy expenditure and has shown great potential in treating obesity. Exosomes are nanovesicles that share the characteristics of their donor cells. Whether BAT derived exosomes (BAT-Exos) might exert similar metabolic benefits on obesity is worthy of investigation. Methods: Obese mice were established by high-fat-diet (HFD) feeding and were treated with Seum-Exos or BAT-Exos isolated from young healthy mice. Blood glucose, glucose tolerance and blood lipids were tested in mice with indicated treatments. Histology examinations were performed on adipose tissue, liver and heart by HE staining and/or Oil Red O staining. Echocardiography was performed to evaluate cardiac function of mice. In vivo distribution of exosomes was analyzed by fluorescence labeling and imaging and in vitro effects of exosomes were evaluated by cell metabolism analysis. Protein contents of BAT-Exos were analyzed by mass spectrometry. Results: The results showed that BAT-Exos reduced the body weight, lowered blood glucose and alleviated lipid accumulation in HFD mice independently of food intake. Echocardiography revealed that the abnormal cardiac functions of HFD mice were significantly restored after treatment with BAT-Exos. Cell metabolism analysis showed that treatment with BAT-Exos significantly promoted oxygen consumption in recipient cells. Protein profiling of exosomes demonstrated that BAT-Exos were rich in mitochondria components and involved in catalytic processes. Conclusions: Collectively, our study showed that BAT-Exos significantly mitigated the metabolic syndrome in HFD mice. Detailed elucidation of the reactive molecules and mechanism of action would provide new insights in combating obesity and related disorders.
| S-EPMC7381731 | biostudies-literature