Hand-washing promotion for preventing diarrhoea.
Ontology highlight
ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Ejemot-Nwadiaro RI
PROVIDER: S-EPMC8094449 | biostudies-literature |
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
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Project description:Information on the impact of hygiene interventions on severe outcomes is limited. As a pre-specified secondary outcome of a cluster-randomized controlled trial among >400 000 low-income residents in Dhaka, Bangladesh, we examined the impact of cholera vaccination plus a behaviour change intervention on diarrhoea-associated hospitalization.Ninety neighbourhood clusters were randomly allocated into three areas: cholera-vaccine-only; vaccine-plus-behaviour-change (promotion of hand-washing with soap plus drinking water chlorination); and control. Study follow-up continued for 2 years after intervention began. We calculated cluster-adjusted diarrhoea-associated hospitalization rates using data we collected from nearby hospitals, and 6-monthly census data of all trial households.A total of 429 995 people contributed 500 700 person-years of data (average follow-up 1.13 years). Vaccine coverage was 58% at the start of analysis but continued to drop due to population migration. In the vaccine-plus-behaviour-change area, water plus soap was present at 45% of hand-washing stations; 4% of households had detectable chlorine in stored drinking water. Hospitalization rates were similar across the study areas [events/1000 person-years, 95% confidence interval (CI), cholera-vaccine-only: 9.4 (95% CI: 8.3-10.6); vaccine-plus-behaviour-change: 9.6 (95% CI: 8.3-11.1); control: 9.7 (95% CI: 8.3-11.6)]. Cholera cases accounted for 7% of total number of diarrhoea-associated hospitalizations.Neither cholera vaccination alone nor cholera vaccination combined with behaviour-change intervention efforts measurably reduced diarrhoea-associated hospitalization in this highly mobile population, during a time when cholera accounted for a small fraction of diarrhoea episodes. Affordable community-level interventions that prevent infection from multiple pathogens by reliably separating faeces from the environment, food and water, with minimal behavioural demands on impoverished communities, remain an important area for research.
| S-EPMC5837384 | biostudies-literature
Project description:OBJECTIVE:In marginalized setting, under-nutrition and illnesses due to infectious agents create a vicious circle. In our previous study, we reported that easy-to-do hand hygiene interventions were effective in preventing intestinal parasite infections (IPIs) and reduce the rate of anaemia among school-aged children. The aim of this study was to assess the pattern of associations between IPIs, anaemia and diarrhoea among the school-aged children and to explore if the observed impact of hand-washing and nail clipping interventions in our findings was similar across children with different baseline demographic and disease characteristics. The study was based on the analysis of data that was collected during the randomized controlled trial and hence have used the same study participants and study area. RESULTS:Children with IPIs had a much higher chance of also being anaemic (AOR 2.09, 95% CI 1.15-3.80), having diarrhoea (AOR 2.83, 95% CI 1.57-5.09), and vice versa. Anaemia and diarrhoea were very strongly related (AOR 9.62, 95% CI 5.18-17.85). Overall, hand-washing with soap at key times and weekly nail clipping were efficacious in preventing intestinal parasite re-infection among children despite the differences in baseline demographic characteristics. TRIAL REGISTRATION:NCT01619254 (June 09/2012).
| S-EPMC6941294 | biostudies-literature
Project description: Not available
| S-EPMC9969045 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Abstract This is a protocol for a Cochrane Review (Intervention). The objectives are as follows: To assess the effectiveness of sanitation interventions for preventing diarrhoeal disease.
| S-EPMC6497425 | biostudies-literature
Project description:The Good Microbiological Practices & Procedures (GMPP) is the most significant risk control measure as per the fourth edition of the WHO laboratory biosafety manual. Among GMPP, one of the best practices is hand washing. WHO and other public health agencies have published several guidance documents on hand washing, that describe closing the tap using a disposable paper towel/tissue paper at the end of hand washing as one of the critical steps. In resource-limited settings, where disposable paper towels cannot be provided at all times, the staff is left with ambiguous instructions on how to close the tap. In this paper, a modified hand washing method is documented that doesn't necessitate the use of disposable paper towels. In this method, both hands and faucets remain in contact with soap for at least 40-60 s. The method was validated by the use of Glo Germ. A survey questionnaire was also designed and conducted for the lab staff (n = 12) of the two laboratories, where this method was implemented, to assess whether this hand washing method brought any improvement in their hand washing practices and implementation. All (100%) of the survey respondents reported that this method of hand washing is more applicable and implementable than the WHO-recommended hand washing technique. Eighty three percentage reported that this modified method of hand washing raised their hand washing compliance. The authors suggest that this hand washing method can be used in resource-limited laboratory settings as an effective GMPP to ensure infection control.
| S-EPMC9386356 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Despite the tremendous achievement in reducing child mortality and morbidity in the last two decades, diarrhoea is still a major cause of morbidity and mortality among children in many developing countries, including Ethiopia. Hand washing with soap promotion, water quality improvements and improvements in excreta disposal significantly reduces diarrhoeal diseases. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of hand washing with soap and water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) educational Intervention on the incidence of under-five children diarrhoea. A community-based cluster randomized controlled trial was conducted in 24 clusters (sub-Kebelles) in Jigjiga district, Somali region, Eastern Ethiopia from February 1 to July 30, 2015. The trial compared incidence of diarrhoea among under-five children whose primary caretakers receive hand washing with soap and water, sanitation, hygiene educational messages with control households. Generalized estimating equation with a log link function Poisson distribution family was used to compute adjusted incidence rate ratio and the corresponding 95% confidence interval. The results of this study show that the longitudinal adjusted incidence rate ratio (IRR) of diarrhoeal diseases comparing interventional and control households was 0.65 (95% CI 0.57, 0.73) suggesting an overall diarrhoeal diseases reduction of 35%. The results are similar to other trials of WASH educational interventions and hand washing with soap. In conclusion, hand washing with soap practice during critical times and WASH educational messages reduces childhood diarrhoea in the rural pastoralist area.
| S-EPMC5425344 | biostudies-literature
Project description: Not available
| S-EPMC6816010 | biostudies-literature
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| S-EPMC6532719 | biostudies-literature
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| S-EPMC8597890 | biostudies-literature
Project description:On-site biological hand washing water treatment can improve global access to safe hand washing water, but requires a thorough understanding of the chemical composition of the water to be treated, and an effective treatment strategy. This study first presents a detailed characterization of the individual inputs to hand washing water. We demonstrate (i) that soap is likely the most significant input in hand washing water, representing ∼90% of mass loading, and (ii) that inputs to hand washing water have low concentrations of biologically-essential macro- and micro-nutrients (nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, copper, zinc, molybdenum and cobalt) with respect to carbon, which may impair biological carbon removal. This study next formulates a recipe that recreates a representative composition of hand washing water and develops a procedure to identify and supplement nutrients in which this recipe is estimated to be deficient. Batch testing of the nutrient-supplemented hand washing water with an inoculum of planktonic bacteria demonstrated improved assimilable organic carbon removal (99% vs. 86% removal) and produced lower final dissolved organic carbon concentrations (1.7 mgC/L vs. 3.5 mgC/L) compared to realistic (nutrient-deficient) washing water. Supplementing nutrients did promote cell growth (50x higher final total cell count). Full-scale testing in a biologically activated membrane bioreactor (BAMBi) system treating 75 L/day of nutrient-supplemented hand washing water showed that long-term operation (100 days) can deliver effective carbon removal (95%) without detrimental fouling or other disruptions caused by cell growth. This work demonstrates that biological treatment in a BAMBi system, operated with appropriate nutrient-balancing offers an effective solution for decentralized treatment of light greywater.
| S-EPMC6176911 | biostudies-literature