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Multigene editing reveals that MtCEP1/2/12 redundantly control lateral root and nodule number in Medicago truncatula.

ABSTRACT: The multimember CEP (C-terminally Encoded Peptide) gene family is a complex group that is involved in various physiological activities in plants. Previous studies demonstrated that MtCEP1 and MtCEP7 control lateral root formation or nodulation, but these studies were based only on gain of function or artificial miRNA (amiRNA)/RNAi approaches, never knockout mutants. Moreover, an efficient multigene editing toolkit is not currently available for Medicago truncatula. Our quantitative reverse transcription-PCR data showed that MtCEP1, 2, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 12, and 13 were up-regulated under nitrogen starvation conditions and that MtCEP1, 2, 7, 9, and 12 were induced by rhizobial inoculation. Treatment with synthetic MtCEP peptides of MtCEP1, 2, 4, 5, 6, 8, and 12 repressed lateral root emergence and promoted nodulation in the R108 wild type but not in the cra2 mutant. We optimized CRISPR/Cas9 [clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated protein 9] genome editing system for M. truncatula, and thus created single mutants of MtCEP1, 2, 4, 6, and 12 and the double mutants Mtcep1/2C and Mtcep5/8C; however, these mutants did not exhibit significant differences from R108. Furthermore, a triple mutant Mtcep1/2/12C and a quintuple mutant Mtcep1/2/5/8/12C were generated and exhibited more lateral roots and fewer nodules than R108. Overall, MtCEP1, 2, and 12 were confirmed to be redundantly important in the control of lateral root number and nodulation. Moreover, the CRISPR/Cas9-based multigene editing protocol provides an additional tool for research on the model legume M. truncatula, which is highly efficient at multigene mutant generation.

SUBMITTER: Zhu F

PROVIDER: S-EPMC8096600 | biostudies-literature |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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NODULE INCEPTION Recruits the Lateral Root Developmental Program for Symbiotic Nodule Organogenesis in Medicago truncatula.

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| S-EPMC4673605 | biostudies-literature

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| S-EPMC6923920 | biostudies-literature

Nod factors potentiate auxin signaling for transcriptional regulation and lateral root formation in Medicago truncatula.

Project description:Nodulation (Nod) factors (NFs) are symbiotic molecules produced by rhizobia that are essential for establishment of the rhizobium-legume endosymbiosis. Purified NFs can stimulate lateral root formation (LRF) in Medicago truncatula, but little is known about the molecular mechanisms involved. Using a combination of reporter constructs, pharmacological and genetic approaches, we show that NFs act on early steps of LRF in M. truncatula, independently of the ethylene signaling pathway and of the cytokinin receptor MtCRE1, but in interaction with auxin. We conducted a whole-genome transcriptomic study upon NF and/or auxin treatments, using a lateral root inducible system adapted for M. truncatula. This revealed a large overlap between NF and auxin signaling and, more interestingly, synergistic interactions between these molecules. Three groups showing interaction effects were defined: group 1 contained more than 1500 genes responding specifically to the combinatorial treatment of NFs and auxin; group 2 comprised auxin-regulated genes whose expression was enhanced or antagonized by NFs; and in group 3 the expression of NF regulated genes was antagonized by auxin. Groups 1 and 2 were enriched in signaling and metabolic functions, which highlights important crosstalk between NF and auxin signaling for both developmental and symbiotic processes.

| S-EPMC6055581 | biostudies-literature

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