Risk of COVID-19 in Patients with Cancer Receiving Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors.
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ABSTRACT: Objective
The aim of this study was to determine the rate of coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) among patients with cancer treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs).Materials and methods
This was a retrospective study of 1,545 patients with cancer treated with ICIs between July 1, 2019, and February 29, 2020, and 20,418 age-, sex-, and cancer category-matched controls in a large referral hospital system. Confirmed COVID-19 case and mortality data were obtained with Massachusetts Department of Public Health from March 1 through June 19, 2020.Results
The mean age was 66.6 years, and 41.9% were female. There were 22 (1.4%) and 213 (1.0%) COVID-19 cases in the ICI and control groups, respectively. When adjusting for demographics, medical comorbidities, and local infection rates, ICIs did not increase COVID-19 susceptibility.Conclusion
ICIs did not increase the rate of COVID-19. This information may assist patients and their oncologists in decision-making surrounding cancer treatment during this pandemic.
SUBMITTER: Klebanov N
PROVIDER: S-EPMC8100539 | biostudies-literature |
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
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Project description:BackgroundHyponatremia due to endocrinopathies such as adrenal insufficiency and hypothyroidism has been reported in patients receiving immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). We determined the risk and predictors of hyponatremia and other electrolyte abnormalities in a 'real-world' sample of patients receiving ICIs to treat advanced malignancies.MethodsThis was a retrospective observational study of all patients who received ICIs from a single cancer center between 2011 and 2018. Patients were followed for 12 months after initiation of ICIs or until death. Common Terminology for Cancer Adverse Events version 5.0 criteria were used to grade the severity of hyponatremia and other electrolyte abnormalities. The predictors of severe (Grade 3 or 4) hyponatremia were determined using a multivariable logistic regression model. The etiology of Grade 3 or 4 hyponatremia was determined by chart review.ResultsA total of 2458 patients were included. Their average age was 64 years [standard deviation (SD) 13], 58% were male and 90% were white. In the first year after starting ICIs, 62% experienced hyponatremia (sodium <134 mEq/L) and 136 (6%) experienced severe hyponatremia (<124 mEq/L). Severe hyponatremia occurred on average 164 days (SD 100) after drug initiation. Only nine cases of severe hyponatremia were due to endocrinopathies (0.3% overall incidence). Risk factors for severe hyponatremia included ipilimumab (a cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen-4 inhibitor) use, diuretic use and non-White race. Other severe electrolyte abnormalities were also commonly observed: severe hypokalemia (potassium <3.0 mEq/L) occurred in 6%, severe hyperkalemia (potassium ≥6.1 mEq/L) occurred in 0.6%, severe hypophosphatemia (phosphorus <2 mg/dL) occurred in 17% and severe hypocalcemia (corrected calcium <7.0 mg/dL) occurred in 0.2%.ConclusionsHyponatremia is common in cancer patients receiving ICIs. However, endocrinopathies are an uncommon cause of severe hyponatremia.
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Project description:BackgroundAs indications for immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy have increased in recent years, so has the proportion of patients eligible for this type of therapy. However, a lack of data exists about the risks and benefits of ICI therapy in hospitalized patients, who tend to be frailer and sicker than patients enrolled in clinical trials.Material and methodsWe conducted a retrospective cohort study among hospitalized patients with metastatic solid tumors who received ICI therapy at a large academic cancer center over the course of 4 years. We analyzed the characteristics and outcomes of these patients and identified demographic and clinical factors that could be used to predict mortality.ResultsDuring the 4-year study period, 106 patients were treated with ICI therapy while admitted to the hospital; 70 (66%) had Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group Performance Status ≥2, which would have prevented them from enrolling in most clinical trials of ICIs. Fifty-two patients (49%) died either during admission or within 30 days of discharge; median overall survival was 1.0 month from discharge, and 16 patients (15%) were alive 6 months after discharge. Independent predictors of death following receipt of inpatient ICI included a diagnosis of non-small cell lung cancer relative to melanoma and prior treatment with two or more lines of therapy.ConclusionThe poor overall outcomes observed in this study may give clinicians pause when considering ICI therapy for hospitalized patients, particularly those with characteristics that are associated with a greater risk of mortality.Implications for practiceImmunotherapy strategies for patients with cancer are rapidly evolving and their use is expanding, but not all patients will develop a response, and secondary toxicity can be significant and challenging. This is especially evident in hospitalized patients, where the economic cost derived from inpatient immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) administration is important and the clinical benefit is sometimes unclear. The poor overall outcomes evidenced in the ICI inpatient population in this study highlight the need to better identify the patients that will respond to these therapies, which will also help to decrease the financial burden imposed by these highly priced therapies.
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