Cyclic alternation of quiet and active sleep states in the octopus.
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ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Medeiros SLS
PROVIDER: S-EPMC8101055 | biostudies-literature |
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
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Project description:Slow-wave sleep is characterized by spontaneous alternations of activity and silence in corticothalamic networks, but the causes of transition from silence to activity remain unknown. We investigated local mechanisms underlying initiation of activity, using simultaneous multisite field potential, multiunit recordings, and intracellular recordings from 2 to 4 nearby neurons in naturally sleeping or anesthetized cats. We demonstrate that activity may start in any neuron or recording location, with tens of milliseconds delay in other cells and sites. Typically, however, activity originated at deep locations, then involved some superficial cells, but appeared later in the middle of the cortex. Neuronal firing was also found to begin, after the onset of active states, at depths that correspond to cortical layer V. These results support the hypothesis that switch from silence to activity is mediated by spontaneous synaptic events, whereby any neuron may become active first. Due to probabilistic nature of activity onset, the large pyramidal cells from deep cortical layers, which are equipped with the most numerous synaptic inputs and large projection fields, are best suited for switching the whole network into active state.
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Project description:Background: Sleep is an important determinant of brain development in preterm infants. Its temporal organization varies with gestational age (GA) and post-menstrual age (PMA) but little is known about how sleep develops in very preterm infants. The objective was to study the correlation between the temporal organization of quiet sleep (QS) and maturation in premature infants without severe complications during their neonatal hospitalization. Methods: Percentage of time spent in QS and average duration of time intervals (ADI) spent in QS were analyzed from a cohort of newborns with no severe complications included in the Digi-NewB prospective, multicentric, observational study in 2017-19. Three groups were analyzed according to GA: Group 1 (27-30 weeks), Group 2 (33-37 weeks), Group 3 (>39 weeks). Two 8-h video recordings were acquired in groups 1 and 2: after birth (T1) and before discharge from hospital (T2). The annotation of the QS phases was performed by analyzing video recordings together with heart rate and respiratory traces thanks to a dedicated software tool of visualization and annotation of multimodal long-time recordings, with a double expert reading. Results are expressed as median (interquartile range, IQR). Correlations were analyzed using a linear mixed model. Results: Five newborns were studied in each group (160 h of recording). Median time spent in QS increased from 13.0% [IQR: 13-20] to 28.8% [IQR: 27-30] and from 17.0% [IQR: 15-21] to 29.6% [IQR: 29.5-31.5] in Group 1 and 2, respectively. Median ADI increased from 54 [IQR: 53-54] to 288 s [IQR: 279-428] and from 90 [IQR: 84-96] to 258 s [IQR: 168-312] in Group 1 and 2. Both groups reach values similar to that of group 3, respectively 28.2% [IQR: 24.5-31.3] and 270 s [IQR: 210-402]. The correlation between PMA and time spent in QS or ADI were, respectively 0.73 (p < 10-4) and 0.46 (p = 0.06). Multilinear analysis using temporal organization of QS gave an accurate estimate of PMA (r 2 = 0.87, p < 0.001). Conclusion: The temporal organization of QS is correlated with PMA in newborns without severe complication. An automated standardized continuous behavioral quantification of QS could be interesting to monitor during the hospitalization stay in neonatal units.
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