Prognosis and management of new-onset atrial fibrillation in critically ill patients.
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ABSTRACT: Introduction
The prognosis of new-onset atrial fibrillation (AF) compared with that of preexisting and non-AF remains controversial. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of new-onset AF compared with preexisting and non-AF on hospital and 90-day mortality.Methods
A retrospective cohort study was performed using data obtained from the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care III database. The primary outcome was 90-day mortality. Secondary outcomes included hospital mortality, hospital and intensive care unit (ICU) length of stay, and acute kidney injury. Logistic and Cox regression analyses were performed to evaluate the relationship between new-onset AF and study outcomes.Results
A total of 38,159 adult patients were included in the study. The incidence of new-onset AF was 9.4%. Ninety-day mortality, hospital mortality, and hospital and ICU length of stay in patients with new-onset and preexisting AF were significantly increased compared with those in patients with non-AF patients (all p < 0.001). After adjusting for patient characteristics, new-onset AF remained associated with increased 90-day mortality compared with non-AF (adjusted hazard ratio (HR) 1.37, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.26 to 1.50; p < 0.01) and preexisting AF (adjusted HR 1.12; 95%-CI 1.02 to 1.23; p < 0.01). Patients in the surgical intensive care unit (SICU) had significantly higher 90-day mortality than patients in the coronary care unit (adjusted HR 1.30; 95% CI 1.31 to 1.51; p < 0.001).Conclusions
Critically ill patients with new-onset AF have significantly increased hospital and 90-day mortality compared with patients with preexisting and non-AF. Patients with new-onset AF in the ICU, especially those in the SICU, require robust management measures.
SUBMITTER: Qian J
PROVIDER: S-EPMC8101157 | biostudies-literature |
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
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Project description:ObjectivesThe aim of this review is to summarise the latest evidence on efficacy and safety of treatments for new-onset atrial fibrillation (NOAF) in critical illness.ParticipantsCritically ill adult patients who developed NOAF during admission.Primary and secondary outcomesPrimary outcomes were efficacy in achieving rate or rhythm control, as defined in each study. Secondary outcomes included mortality, stroke, bleeding and adverse events.MethodsWe searched MEDLINE, EMBASE and Web of Knowledge on 11 March 2019 to identify randomised controlled trials (RCTs) and observational studies reporting treatment efficacy for NOAF in critically ill patients. Data were extracted, and quality assessment was performed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool, and an adapted Newcastle-Ottawa Scale.ResultsOf 1406 studies identified, 16 remained after full-text screening including two RCTs. Study quality was generally low due to a lack of randomisation, absence of blinding and small cohorts. Amiodarone was the most commonly studied agent (10 studies), followed by beta-blockers (8), calcium channel blockers (6) and magnesium (3). Rates of successful rhythm control using amiodarone varied from 30.0% to 95.2%, beta-blockers from 31.8% to 92.3%, calcium channel blockers from 30.0% to 87.1% and magnesium from 55.2% to 77.8%. Adverse effects of treatment were rarely reported (five studies).ConclusionThe reported efficacy of beta-blockers, calcium channel blockers, magnesium and amiodarone for achieving rhythm control was highly varied. As there is currently significant variation in how NOAF is managed in critically ill patients, we recommend future research focuses on comparing the efficacy and safety of amiodarone, beta-blockers and magnesium. Further research is needed to inform the decision surrounding anticoagulant use in this patient group.
| S-EPMC7202704 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BACKGROUND:New-onset atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common arrhythmia in critically ill patients. Although evidence base and expert consensus opinion for management have been summarised in several international guidelines, no specific considerations for critically ill patients have been included. We aimed to establish current practice of management of critically ill patients with new-onset AF. METHODS:We designed a short user-friendly online questionnaire. All members of the Intensive Care Society were invited via email containing a link to the questionnaire, which comprised 21 questions. The online survey was conducted between November 2016 and December 2016. RESULTS:The response rate was 397/3152 (12.6%). The majority of respondents (81.1%) worked in mixed Intensive Care Units and were consultants (71.8%). Most respondents (39.5%) would start intervention on patients with fast new-onset AF and stable blood pressure at a heart rate between 120 and 139 beats/min. However, 34.8% of participants would treat all patients who developed new-onset fast AF. Amiodarone and beta-blockers (80.9% and 11.6% of answers) were the most commonly used anti-arrhythmics. A total of 63.8% of respondents do not regularly anti-coagulate critically ill patients with new-onset fast AF, while 30.8% anti-coagulate within 72 hours. A total of 68.0% of survey respondents do not routinely use stroke risk scores in critically ill patients with new-onset AF. A total of 85.4% of participants would consider taking part in a clinical trial investigating treatment of new-onset fast AF in the critically ill. DISCUSSION:Our results suggest a considerable disparity between contemporary practice of management of new-onset AF in critical illness and treatment recommendations for the general patient population suffering from AF, particularly with regard to anti-arrhythmics and anti-coagulation used. Amongst intensivists, there is a substantial interest in research for management of new-onset AF in critically ill patients.
| S-EPMC5592903 | biostudies-literature
Project description:To estimate the incidence of new-onset atrial fibrillation in critically ill patients.DesignProspective cohort.SettingMedical-surgical ICU.SubjectsConsecutive patients without a history of atrial fibrillation but with atrial fibrillation risk factors.InterventionsElectrocardiogram patch monitor until discharge from hospital or up to 14 days.Measurements and main resultsA total of 249 participants (median age of 71 yr [interquartile range] 64-78 yr; 35% female) completed the study protocol of which 158 (64%) were admitted to ICU for medical illness, 78 (31%) following noncardiac surgery, and 13 (5%) with trauma. Median Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II score was 16 (interquartile range, 12-22). Median duration of patch electrocardiogram monitoring, ICU, and hospital lengths of stay were 6 (interquartile range, 3-12), 4 (interquartile range, 2-8), and 11 days (interquartile range, 5-23 d), respectively.Atrial fibrillation ≥ 30 seconds was detected by the patch in 44 participants (17.7%), and three participants (1.2%) had atrial fibrillation detected clinically after patch removal, resulting in an overall atrial fibrillation incidence of 18.9% (95% CI, 14.2-24.3%).Total duration of atrial fibrillation ranged from 53 seconds to the entire monitoring time. The proportion of participants with ≥1 episode(s) of ≥6 minute, ≥1 hour, ≥12 hour and ≥24 hour duration was 14.8%, 13.2%, 7.0%, and 5.3%, respectively. The clinical team recognized only 70% of atrial fibrillation cases that were detected by the electrocardiogram patch.ConclusionsAmong patients admitted to an ICU, the incidence of new-onset atrial fibrillation is approximately one in five, although approximately one-third of cases are not recognized by the clinical team.
| S-EPMC7803666 | biostudies-literature
Project description:ObjectivesNew-onset atrial fibrillation during critical illness is an independent risk factor for mortality. The ability to identify patients at high risk for new-onset atrial fibrillation is limited. We hypothesized that genetic susceptibility contributes to risk of new-onset atrial fibrillation in the ICU.DesignRetrospective sub-study of a prospective observational cohort study.SettingMedical and general surgical ICUs in a tertiary academic medical center.PatientsOne-thousand three-hundred sixty-nine critically ill patients admitted to the ICU for at least 2 days with no known history of atrial fibrillation who had DNA available for genotyping.InterventionsNone.Measurements and main resultsWe genotyped 21 single-nucleotide polymorphisms associated with atrial fibrillation in ambulatory studies using a Sequenom platform (San Diego, CA). We collected demographics, medical history, and development of new-onset atrial fibrillation during the first four days of ICU admission. New-onset atrial fibrillation occurred in 98 patients (7.2%) and was associated with age, male sex, coronary artery disease, and vasopressor use. Single-nucleotide polymorphisms associated with new-onset atrial fibrillation were rs3853445 (near PITX2, p = 0.0002), rs6838973 (near PITX2, p = 0.01), and rs12415501 (in NEURL, p = 0.03) on univariate testing. When controlling for clinical factors, rs3853445 (odds ratio, 0.47; 95% CI, 0.30-0.73; p = 0.001) and rs12415501 (odds ratio, 1.72; 95% CI, 1.27-2.59; p = 0.01) remained significantly associated with new-onset atrial fibrillation. The addition of genetic variables to clinical factors improved new-onset atrial fibrillation discrimination in a multivariable logistic regression model (C-statistic 0.82 vs 0.78; p = 0.0009).ConclusionsWe identified several single-nucleotide polymorphisms associated with new-onset atrial fibrillation in a large cohort of critically ill ICU patients, suggesting there is genetic susceptibility underlying this common clinical condition. This finding may provide new targets for future mechanistic studies and additional insight into the application of genomic information to identify patients at elevated risk for a common and important condition in the ICU.
| S-EPMC6910934 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Sepsis is defined by life-threatening organ dysfunction during infection and is the leading cause of death in hospitals. During sepsis, there is a high risk that new onset of atrial fibrillation (AF) can occur, which is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Consequently, early prediction of AF during sepsis would allow testing of interventions in the intensive care unit (ICU) to prevent AF and its severe complications. In this paper, we present a novel automated AF prediction algorithm for critically ill sepsis patients using electrocardiogram (ECG) signals. From the heart rate signal collected from 5-min ECG, feature extraction is performed using the traditional time, frequency, and nonlinear domain methods. Moreover, variable frequency complex demodulation and tunable Q-factor wavelet-transform-based time-frequency methods are applied to extract novel features from the heart rate signal. Using a selected feature subset, several machine learning classifiers, including support vector machine (SVM) and random forest (RF), were trained using only the 2001 Computers in Cardiology data set. For testing the proposed method, 50 critically ill ICU subjects from the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care (MIMIC) III database were used in this study. Using distinct and independent testing data from MIMIC III, the SVM achieved 80% sensitivity, 100% specificity, 90% accuracy, 100% positive predictive value, and 83.33% negative predictive value for predicting AF immediately prior to the onset of AF, while the RF achieved 88% AF prediction accuracy. When we analyzed how much in advance we can predict AF events in critically ill sepsis patients, the algorithm achieved 80% accuracy for predicting AF events 10 min early. Our algorithm outperformed a state-of-the-art method for predicting AF in ICU patients, further demonstrating the efficacy of our proposed method. The annotations of patients' AF transition information will be made publicly available for other investigators. Our algorithm to predict AF onset is applicable for any ECG modality including patch electrodes and wearables, including Holter, loop recorder, and implantable devices.
| S-EPMC8391773 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BACKGROUND:New-onset atrial fibrillation (NOAF) is commonly encountered in critically ill adults. Evidence evaluating the association between NOAF and patient-important outcomes in this population is conflicting. Furthermore, little is known regarding the association between NOAF and resource use or hospital costs. METHODS:Retrospective analysis (2011-2016) of a prospectively collected registry from two Canadian hospitals of consecutive ICU patients aged ≥ 18 years. We excluded patients with a known history of AF prior to hospital admission. Any occurrence of atrial fibrillation (AF) was prospectively recorded by bedside nurses. The primary outcome was hospital mortality, and we used multivariable logistic regression to adjust for confounders. We used a generalized linear model to evaluate contributors to total cost. RESULTS:We included 15,014 patients, and 1541 (10.3%) had NOAF during their ICU admission. While NOAF was not associated with increased odds of hospital death among the entire cohort (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 1.02 [95% confidence interval [CI] 0.97-1.08]), an interaction was noted between NOAF and sepsis, and the presence of both was associated with higher odds of hospital mortality (aOR 1.28 [95% CI 1.09-1.36]) than either alone. Patients with NOAF had higher total costs (cost ratio [CR] 1.09 [95% CI 1.02-1.20]). Among patients with NOAF, treatment with a rhythm-control strategy was associated with higher costs (CR 1.24 [95% CI 1.07-1.40]). CONCLUSIONS:While NOAF was not associated with death or requiring discharge to long-term care among critically ill patients, it was associated with increased length of stay in ICU and increased total costs.
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Project description:BackgroundNew-onset atrial fibrillation (AF) in critically ill patients is associated with adverse outcomes. In non-critical settings, the circadian variation in paroxysmal AF is of significant interest; however, circadian variation in critically ill patients with new-onset AF has not been thoroughly studied. This study aimed to examine the association between AF onset time and in-hospital mortality.MethodsThis was a secondary analysis of a prospective multicenter observational study enrolling adult critically ill patients. According to AF onset time, patients were divided into nighttime (0:00-7:59), daytime (8:00-15:59), and evening (16:00-23:59). We conducted a multiple logistic regression analysis to assess the potential association between AF onset time and in-hospital mortality. We also assessed the distribution of AF onset, crude in-hospital mortality, and adjusted in-hospital mortality according to bihourly intervals.ResultsOf 423 patients, in-hospital mortality was 26%. During nighttime, 135 patients (32%) developed new-onset AF. AF emerged during daytime for 141 (33%) and during evening for 147 (35%). Daytime AF was significantly associated with an increased risk of in-hospital mortality (adjusted OR: 1.92; 95% CI: 1.07-3.44; p = 0.030). Bihourly interval analysis showed that adjusted in-hospital mortality was unevenly distributed and bimodal with troughs between 6:00 and 7:59 and between 18:00 and 19:59. A similar trend was seen in the distribution of the number of new-onset AF.ConclusionsWe found that the bihourly adjusted in-hospital mortality was distributed in a bimodal fashion. Further research is needed to determine the causes of the diurnal variation and its impact on patient outcomes.
| S-EPMC8488237 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Atrial fibrillation has been associated with increased mortality in critically ill patients. We sought to determine whether atrial fibrillation in the ICU is an independent risk factor for death. A secondary objective was to determine if patients with new-onset atrial fibrillation have different risk factors or outcomes compared with patients with a previous history of atrial fibrillation.Prospective observational cohort study.Medical and general surgical ICUs in a tertiary academic medical center.One thousand seven hundred seventy critically ill patients requiring at least 2 days in the ICU.None.Demographics, medical history, development of atrial fibrillation, fluid balance, echocardiographic findings, medication administration, and hospital mortality were collected during the first 4 days of ICU admission. Atrial fibrillation occurred in 236 patients (13%) (Any AF). Of these, 123 patients (7%) had no prior atrial fibrillation (New-onset AF) while the remaining 113 (6%) had recurrent atrial fibrillation (Recurrent AF). Any AF was associated with male gender, Caucasian race, increased age, cardiac disease, organ failures, and disease severity. Patients with Any AF had increased mortality compared with those without atrial fibrillation (31% vs 17%; p < 0.001), and Any AF was independently associated with death (odds ratio, 1.62; 95% CI, 1.14-2.29; p = 0.007) in multivariable analysis controlling for severity of illness and other confounders. The association of atrial fibrillation with death was magnified in patients without sepsis (odds ratio, 2.92; 95% CI, 1.52-5.60; p = 0.001). Treatment for atrial fibrillation had no effect on hospital mortality. New-onset AF and Recurrent AF were each associated with increased mortality. New-onset AF, but not Recurrent AF, was associated with increased diastolic dysfunction and vasopressor use and a greater cumulative positive fluid balance.Atrial fibrillation in critical illness, whether new-onset or recurrent, is independently associated with increased hospital mortality, especially in patients without sepsis.
| S-EPMC4725582 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BACKGROUND:New onset atrial fibrillation is the most commonly encountered arrhythmia in critically unwell patients with a reported incidence of 4% to 29%. The occurrence of new onset atrial fibrillation may precipitate acute heart failure and lead to thromboembolic complications as well as being associated with increased in-hospital and in intensive care unit (ICU) mortality. Despite being common, much of our current knowledge regarding the treatment of new onset atrial fibrillation comes from patients with chronic atrial fibrillation or post cardiac surgery. It is unclear if management strategies in these patient cohorts can be applied to new onset atrial fibrillation in the general ICU. This protocol for a systematic review and network meta-analysis aims to address this uncertainty and define what is the most effective management strategy for the treatment of new onset atrial fibrillation (NOAF) in acutely unwell adult patients. METHODS:In this systematic review and network meta-analysis, we plan to search electronic databases (Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials [CENTRAL], MEDLINE, EMBASE, Science Citation Index Expanded on Web of Science and relevant trial registries) for relevant randomised and non-randomised trials. Citations will be reviewed by title, abstract and full text by two independent reviewers and disagreement resolved by discussion and a third independent reviewer, if necessary. The Cochrane Risk of Bias tool will be used to assess risk of bias in randomised trials and the Risk of Bias in Nonrandomised Studies of Interventions (ROBINS-I) tool will be used for non-randomised studies. Statistical analysis will be carried out using R package meta and netmeta. We will first conduct a pairwise meta-analysis. If conditions for indirect comparison are satisfied and suitable data are available, we will conduct network meta-analysis using frequentist methodology. Treatments will be ranked according to efficacy with associated P-scores. We will assess the quality of the evidence in the pairwise using GRADE methodology and network meta-analysis comparisons in the CINeMA module in R package meta. DISCUSSION:Our review will be the first to assess direct and indirect evidence to assess the efficacy and rank the treatments available for new onset atrial fibrillation in critically unwell patients. Our review findings will be applicable to the care of people in a range of acute settings including, ICU, the emergency department and acute medical units. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION:PROSPERO registry number: CRD42019121739.
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