Dataset Information

Local patterns of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal diversity and community structure in a natural Toona ciliata var. pubescens forest in South Central China.

ABSTRACT: Toona ciliata var. pubescens (Toona in Meliaceae) (Tc) is listed as an endangered species, and there are natural regeneration obstacles due to its long-term excessive exploitation and utilization. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) can produce beneficial effects for plant growth and natural regeneration. However, the characteristics of the AMF community in natural Tc forests are poorly understood. The Illumina PE250 high-throughput sequencing method was used to study the characteristics of the AMF community in the rhizosphere soil and roots associated with three dominant tree species (Tc; Padus buergeriana, Pb; and Maesa japonica, Mj) in a natural Tc forest in Guanshan National Natural Reserve, South Central China. The results found that Glomeraceae was the most abundant AMF family in the rhizosphere soil and roots. Moreover, the relative abundance of Archaeosporaceae in rhizosphere soil was significantly larger than that in the roots; in contrast, the relative abundance of Glomeraceae in rhizosphere soil was significantly lower than that in the roots (p < 0.05). Regarding different tree species, the relative abundances of Acaulosporaceae and Geosiphonaceae were larger in Mj and Tc than in Pb. AMF operational taxonomic units (OTUs) were 1.30-, 1.43-, and 1.71-fold higher in the Tc, Pb, and Mj rhizosphere soil, respectively, than in the corresponding roots. Nevertheless, higher AMF community richness was found in the roots compared to that in the rhizosphere soil based on the Chao index. This finding indicated that AMF of a relatively high aggregation degree were in roots, and more AMF groups with relatively low abundance occurred in the rhizosphere soil, which correspondingly lowered the calculated richness index of the AMF community. A redundancy analysis showed that different soil chemical properties impacted variations in the AMF community characteristics differently. This study has great significance for the interpretation of AMF diversity survey and the application design of AMF in vegetation restoration.

SUBMITTER: Pan J

PROVIDER: S-EPMC8101450 | biostudies-literature |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Project description:Growing evidence showed that efficient acquisition and use of nutrients by crops is controlled by root-associated microbiomes. Efficient management of this system is essential to improving crop yield, while reducing the environmental footprint of crop production. Both endophytic and rhizospheric microorganisms can directly promote crop growth, increasing crop yield per unit of soil nutrients. A variety of plant symbionts, most notably the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), nitrogen-fixing bacteria, and phosphate-potassium-solubilizing microorganisms entered the era of large-scale applications in agriculture, horticulture, and forestry. The purpose of this study is to compile data to give a complete and comprehensive assessment and an update of mycorrhizal-based inoculant uses in agriculture in the past, present, and future. Based on available data, 68 mycorrhizal products from 28 manufacturers across Europe, America, and Asia were examined on varying properties such as physical forms, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal composition, number of active ingredients, claims of purpose served, mode of application, and recommendation. Results show that 90% of the products studied are in solid formula-powder (65%) and granular (25%), while only 10% occur in liquid formula. We found that 100% of the products are based on the Glomeraceae of which three species dominate among all the products in the order of Rhizophagus irregularis (39%), Funneliformis mosseae (21%), Claroideoglomus etunicatum (16%). Rhizophagus clarus is the least common among all the benchmark products. One third of the products is single species AMF and only 19% include other beneficial microbes. Of the sampled products, 44% contain AMF only while the rest are combined with varying active ingredients. Most of the products (84%) claimed to provide plant nutrient benefits. Soil application dominates agricultural practices of the products and represents 47%. A substantial amount of the inoculants were applied in cereal production. Recommended application doses varied extensively per plant, seed and hectare. AMF inoculant seed coating accounted for 26% of the products' application and has great potential for increased inoculation efficiency over large-scale production due to minimum inoculum use. More applied research should also be conducted on the possible combination of AMF with other beneficial microbes.

Project description:BackgroundToona is a critical genus in the Meliaceae, and the plants of this group are an asset for both restorative and restorative purposes, the most flexible of which are Toona sinensis and Toona ciliata. To concentrate on the advancement of mitochondrial(Mt) genome variety in T.sinensis and T.ciliata, the Mt genomes of the two species were sequenced in high throughput independently, after de novo assembly and annotation to construct a Mt genome map for comparison in genome structure. Find their repetitive sequences and analyze them in comparison with the chloroplast genome, along with Maximum-likelihood(ML) phylogenetic analysis with 16 other relatives.Results(1) T. sinensis and T.ciliata are both circular structures with lengths of 683482 bp and 68300 bp, respectively. They share a high degree of similarity in encoding genes and have AT preferences. All of them have the largest Phe concentration and are the most frequently used codons. (2) Both of their Mt genome are highly preserved in terms of structural and functional genes, while the main variability is reflected in the length of tRNA, the number of genes, and the value of RSCU. (3) T. siniensis and T. ciliata were detected to have 94 and 87 SSRs, respectively, of which mononucleotides accounted for the absolute proportion. Besides, the vast majority of their SSRs were found to be poly-A or poly-T. (4)10 and 11 migrating fragments were identified in the comparison with the chloroplast genome, respectively. (5) In the ML evolutionary tree, T.sinensis and T.ciliata clustered individually into a small branch with 100% support, reflecting two species of Toona are very similarly related to each other.ConclusionsThis research provides a basis for the exploitation of T.sinensis and T.ciliata in terms of medicinal, edible, and timber resources to avoid confusion; at the same time, it can explore the evolutionary relationship between the Toona and related species, which does not only have an important practical value, but also provides a theoretical basis for future hybrid breeding of forest trees, molecular markers, and evolutionary aspects of plants, which has great scientific significance.

Dataset Information

Local patterns of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal diversity and community structure in a natural Toona ciliata var. pubescens forest in South Central China.

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