Dataset Information

Presence of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) on Healthcare Workers' Attire: A Systematic Review.

ABSTRACT: Contaminated healthcare workers' (HCW) clothing risk transferring methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in healthcare facilities. We performed a systematic review in Pubmed and Scopus for 2000-2020 according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) guidelines to analyze evidence of MRSA on HCW attire. The primary study outcome was MRSA isolation rates on HCW clothing in healthcare settings. Out of 4425 articles, 23 studies were included: 18 with 1760 HCWs, four with 9755 HCW-patient interactions and one with 512 samples. There was a notable variation in HCWs surveyed, HCW attires, sampling techniques, culture methods and laundering practices. HCW attire was frequently colonized with MRSA with the highest rates in long-sleeved white coats (up to 79%) and ties (up to 32%). Eight studies reported additional multidrug-resistant bacteria on the sampled attire. HCW attire, particularly long-sleeved white coats and ties, is frequently contaminated with MRSA. Banning certain types and giving preference to in-house laundering in combination with contact precautions can effectively decrease MRSA contamination and spread.

SUBMITTER: Lena P

PROVIDER: S-EPMC8103237 | biostudies-literature | 2021 Mar

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Presence of Methicillin-Resistant <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> (MRSA) on Healthcare Workers' Attire: A Systematic Review.

Lena Pavlina P Ishak Angela A Karageorgos Spyridon A SA Tsioutis Constantinos C

Tropical medicine and infectious disease 20210331 2

Contaminated healthcare workers' (HCW) clothing risk transferring methicillin-resistant <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> (MRSA) in healthcare facilities. We performed a systematic review in Pubmed and Scopus for 2000-2020 according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) guidelines to analyze evidence of MRSA on HCW attire. The primary study outcome was MRSA isolation rates on HCW clothing in healthcare settings. Out of 4425 articles, 23 studies were includ ...[more]

PMID: 33807299

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Project description:The herbal products proved to be more promising antimicrobials even though their antimicrobial activity is milder than commercially available antibiotics. Moreover, herbal drugs may act synergistically with antibiotics to kill microbes. In this study, we aimed to enhance the activity of penicillin against MRSA through combination with the active saponin fraction isolated from the Zygophyllum album plant. Three different types of metabolites (saponins, sterols, and phenolics) have been extracted from Zygophyllum album with ethanol and purified using different chromatographic techniques. The antibacterial activity of crude extract and the separated metabolites were checked against MRSA isolates, Saponin fraction (ZA-S) was only the active one followed by the crude extract. Therefore, the compounds in this fraction were identified using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography connected to quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC/QTOF-MS) operated in positive and negative ionization modes. UHPLC/QTOF-MS revealed the presence of major six ursane-type tritepenoidal saponins (Quinovic acid, Quinovic acid 3β-O-β-D-quinovopyranoside, Zygophylloside C, Zygophylloside G, Zygophylloside K and Ursolic acid), in addition to Oleanolic acid. Interaction studies between saponin fraction and penicillin against MRSA were performed through the checkerboard method and time-kill assay. According to checkerboard results, only three combinations showed a fractional inhibitory concentration index less than 0.5 at concentrations of (62.5 + 312.5, 62.5 + 156.25, and 62.5 + 78.125 of penicillin and ZA-S, respectively). Time kill assay results showed that the highest reduction in log10 colony-forming unit (CFU)/ml of initial inoculum of MRSA after 24 h occurred by 3.7 at concentrations of 62.5 + 312.5 (µg/µg)/ml of penicillin and ZA-S, respectively. Thus, the combination between saponin fraction of Zygophyllum album and penicillin with these concentrations could be a potential agent against MRSA that can serve as possible model for new antibacterial drug.

Project description:BackgroundMethicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a major nosocomial pathogen subdivided into lineages termed sequence types (STs). Since the 1950s, successive waves of STs have appeared and replaced previously dominant lineages. One such event has been occurring in China since 2013, with community-associated (CA-MRSA) strains including ST59 largely replacing the previously dominant healthcare-associated (HA-MRSA) ST239. We previously showed that ST59 isolates tend to have a competitive advantage in growth experiments against ST239. However, the underlying genomic and phenotypic drivers of this replacement event are unclear.MethodsHere, we investigated the replacement of ST239 using whole-genome sequencing data from 204 ST239 and ST59 isolates collected in Chinese hospitals between 1994 and 2016. We reconstructed the evolutionary history of each ST and considered two non-mutually exclusive hypotheses for ST59 replacing ST239: antimicrobial resistance (AMR) profile and/or ability to colonise and persist in the environment through biofilm formation. We also investigated the differences in cytolytic activity, linked to higher virulence, between STs. We performed an association study using the presence and absence of accessory virulence genes.ResultsST59 isolates carried fewer AMR genes than ST239 and showed no evidence of evolving towards higher AMR. Biofilm production was marginally higher in ST59 overall, though this effect was not consistent across sub-lineages so is unlikely to be a sole driver of replacement. Consistent with previous observations of higher virulence in CA-MRSA STs, we observed that ST59 isolates exhibit significantly higher cytolytic activity than ST239 isolates, despite carrying on average fewer putative virulence genes. Our association study identified the chemotaxis inhibitory protein (chp) as a strong candidate for involvement in the increased virulence potential of ST59. We experimentally validated the role of chp in increasing the virulence potential of ST59 by creating Δchp knockout mutants, confirming that ST59 can carry chp without a measurable impact on fitness.ConclusionsOur results suggest that the ongoing replacement of ST239 by ST59 in China is not associated to higher AMR carriage or biofilm production. However, the increase in ST59 prevalence is concerning since it is linked to a higher potential for virulence, aided by the carriage of the chp gene.

Project description:BackgroundOutbreaks of community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CA-MRSA) have been documented at multiple sites worldwide. Several studies have reported an elevated infection rate of CA-MRSA infections in men having sex with men (MSM), suggesting CA-MRSA can behave as a sexually transmitted infection (STI). To assess the potential public health impact of CA-MRSA transmission amongst MSM, a systematic review of the literature was conducted to identify risk factors and prevalence of CA-MRSA colonization and infection in MSM.MethodsThe electronic database Embase.com (containing Embase and Medline) was systematically searched to identify studies investigating CA-MRSA colonization and infection from inception up to 19 January 2024. Two independent reviewers selected potentially relevant articles for full-text screening. Only English-language articles meeting the inclusion criteria were considered. In case of reviewer disagreement, a third independent reviewer was consulted. Information regarding prevalence, strains, and risk factors for CA-MRSA colonization and infection were extracted by one reviewer and checked by a second reviewer.Results54 studies were screened; 18 were included for analysis. Notably, 3 distinct CA-MRSA clusters were observed in MSM in the USA and Japan. Screening in other MSM cohorts did not reveal an elevated prevalence of CA-MRSA colonization or infection. Identifying as MSM by itself is not a risk factor for MRSA colonization and infection, but specific behavior factors such as intravenous drugs use and high-risk sexual behavior do increase this risk.DiscussionRecognizing the potential presence of CA-MRSA in MSM experiencing (skin) infections is crucial for informed clinical decisions. In cases where a cluster of CA-MRSA infections occurs within a sexual network, eradication strategies and non-pharmaceutical interventions should be carefully considered to prevent further spreading. Given the limited available data on this topic and incomplete data on the prevalence on a global scale, further investigations should prioritize studying the impact of CA-MRSA transmission within sexual networks.

Dataset Information

Presence of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) on Healthcare Workers' Attire: A Systematic Review.

Publications

Presence of Methicillin-Resistant <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> (MRSA) on Healthcare Workers' Attire: A Systematic Review.

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