Surfactant Protein A, a Novel Regulator for Smooth Muscle Phenotypic Modulation and Vascular Remodeling-Brief Report.
Ontology highlight
ABSTRACT: Objective
The objective of this study is to determine the role of SPA (surfactant protein A) in vascular smooth muscle cell (SMC) phenotypic modulation and vascular remodeling. Approach and Results: PDGF-BB (Platelet-derived growth factor-BB) and serum induced SPA expression while downregulating SMC marker gene expression in SMCs. SPA deficiency increased the contractile protein expression. Mechanistically, SPA deficiency enhanced the expression of myocardin and TGF (transforming growth factor)-β, the key regulators for contractile SMC phenotype. In vivo, SPA was induced in medial and neointimal SMCs following mechanical injury in both rat and mouse carotid arteries. SPA knockout in mice dramatically attenuated the wire injury-induced intimal hyperplasia while restoring SMC contractile protein expression in medial SMCs. These data indicate that SPA plays an important role in SMC phenotype modulation and vascular remodeling in vivo.Conclusions
SPA is a novel protein factor modulating SMC phenotype. Blocking the abnormal elevation of SPA may be a potential strategy to inhibit the development of proliferative vascular diseases.
SUBMITTER: Ran R
PROVIDER: S-EPMC8105259 | biostudies-literature |
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
Similar Datasets
Project description:RATIONALE:Vascular smooth muscle cell (SMC) phenotypic modulation and vascular remodeling contribute to the development of several vascular disorders such as restenosis after angioplasty, transplant vasculopathy, and atherosclerosis. The mechanisms underlying these processes, however, remain largely unknown. OBJECTIVE:The objective of this study is to determine the role of dedicator of cytokinesis 2 (DOCK2) in SMC phenotypic modulation and vascular remodeling. METHODS AND RESULTS:Platelet-derived growth factor-BB induced DOCK2 expression while modulating SMC phenotype. DOCK2 deficiency diminishes platelet-derived growth factor-BB or serum-induced downregulation of SMC markers. Conversely, DOCK2 overexpression inhibits SMC marker expression in primary cultured SMC. Mechanistically, DOCK2 inhibits myocardin expression, blocks serum response factor nuclear location, attenuates myocardin binding to serum response factor, and thus attenuates myocardin-induced smooth muscle marker promoter activity. Moreover, DOCK2 and Kruppel-like factor 4 cooperatively inhibit myocardin-serum response factor interaction. In a rat carotid artery balloon-injury model, DOCK2 is induced in media layer SMC initially and neointima SMC subsequently after vascular injury. Knockdown of DOCK2 dramatically inhibits the neointima formation by 60%. Most importantly, knockout of DOCK2 in mice markedly blocks ligation-induced intimal hyperplasia while restoring SMC contractile protein expression. CONCLUSIONS:Our studies identified DOCK2 as a novel regulator for SMC phenotypic modulation and vascular lesion formation after vascular injury. Therefore, targeting DOCK2 may be a potential therapeutic strategy for the prevention of vascular remodeling in proliferative vascular diseases.
| S-EPMC4426039 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Serum response factor (SRF) controls gene transcription in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) and regulates VSMC phenotypic switch from a contractile to a synthetic state, which plays a key role in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases (CVD). It is not known how post-translational SUMOylation regulates the SRF activity in CVD. Here we show that Senp1 deficiency in VSMCs increased SUMOylated SRF and the SRF-ELK complex, leading to augmented vascular remodeling and neointimal formation in mice. Mechanistically, SENP1 deficiency in VSMCs increases SRF SUMOylation at lysine 143, reducing SRF lysosomal localization concomitant with increased nuclear accumulation and switching a contractile phenotype-responsive SRF-myocardin complex to a synthetic phenotype-responsive SRF-ELK1 complex. SUMOylated SRF and phospho-ELK1 are increased in VSMCs from coronary arteries of CVD patients. Importantly, ELK inhibitor AZD6244 prevents the shift from SRF-myocardin to SRF-ELK complex, attenuating VSMC synthetic phenotypes and neointimal formation in Senp1-deficient mice. Therefore, targeting the SRF complex may have a therapeutic potential for the treatment of CVD.
| S-EPMC11319592 | biostudies-literature
Project description:To determine the role of Kruppel-like factor (KLF) 15, a zinc finger transcriptional factor that is expressed in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) in vascular biology. VSMCs respond to mechanical injury via a tightly orchestrated series of gene regulatory events. KLF15 is broadly expressed in both arterial and venous vascular beds in a VSMC restricted fashion. KLF15 expression is markedly reduced by both pharmacological and mechanical stimuli. To examine the specific role of KLF15 in the vascular response to injury, we performed femoral artery wire injury in KLF15(-/-) and wild-type mice. KLF15(-/-) mice develop exaggerated neointimal growth, with evidence of increased SMC proliferation and migration within the neointima. In concordance, gain and loss of function studies in isolated VSMCs demonstrate that KLF15 can directly inhibit SMC proliferation and migration. To our knowledge, these data are the first to identify KLF15 as a novel inhibitor of VSMC proliferation and migration and to implicate this factor as a critical regulator of the vascular response to injury.
| S-EPMC2937185 | biostudies-literature
Project description:ObjectiveVascular remodeling because of smooth muscle cell (SMC) proliferation is a common process occurring in several vascular diseases, such as atherosclerosis, aortic aneurysm, post-transplant vasculopathy, restenosis after angioplasty, etc. The molecular mechanism underlying SMC proliferation, however, is not completely understood. The objective of this study is to determine the role and mechanism of Janus kinase 3 (JAK3) in vascular remodeling and SMC proliferation.Approach and resultsPlatelet-derived growth factor-BB, an SMC mitogen, induces JAK3 expression and phosphorylation while stimulating SMC proliferation. Janex-1, a specific inhibitor of JAK3, or knockdown of JAK3 by short hairpin RNA, inhibits the SMC proliferation. Conversely, ectopic expression of JAK3 promotes SMC proliferation. Mechanistically, JAK3 promotes the phosphorylation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 and c-Jun N-terminal kinase in SMC, 2 signaling pathways known to be critical for SMC proliferation and vascular remodeling. Blockade of these 2 signaling pathways by their inhibitors impeded the JAK3-mediated SMC proliferation. In vivo, knockdown of JAK3 attenuates injury-induced neointima formation with attenuated neointimal SMC proliferation. Knockdown of JAK3 also induces neointimal SMC apoptosis in rat carotid artery balloon injury model.ConclusionsOur results demonstrate that JAK3 mediates SMC proliferation and survival during injury-induced vascular remodeling, which provides a potential therapeutic target for preventing neointimal hyperplasia in proliferative vascular diseases.
| S-EPMC5503700 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Vascular smooth muscle cell (vSMC) phenotypic modulation is a dynamic pathogenesis process implicated in neointimal formation and transplant arteriosclerosis (TA). Transcription factor Sox9 functions to establish cell type and wound healing, but little is known about its transcriptional regulation in vSMCs and its roles in the development of TA. Here, we found an increased Sox9 expression in aortic allografts and in HMGB1-treated vSMCs in vitro, accompanied by the downregulation of vSMC markers. Notably, vSMC-specific Sox9 knockdown in aortic allografts attenuated neointimal formation through preventing vSMC phenotypic modulation following transplantation. We further indicated that HMGB1 induced Sox9 expression and vSMC phenotypic modulation through activating autophagy to degrade p27Kip1. Mechanistically, p27Kip1 bound to the Sox9 promoter in vSMCs together with p130/E2F4 complex, by which it restrained Sox9 transcriptional expression. These findings uncover a fundamental role of Sox9 in mediating autophagy-dependent vSMC phenotypic modulation and TA, offering a therapeutic approach for vascular pathologies.
| S-EPMC9531173 | biostudies-literature
Project description:The aim of this study is to investigate the therapeutic role of Tanshinone II A, a key integrant from salvia miltiorrhiza, against pathological vascular remodeling. Completed ligation of mouse left common carotid arteries animal model and rat smooth muscle cells used to investigate the role of Tanshinone II A in regulating pathological vascular remodeling through hematoxylin and eosin staining, immunohistochemistry staining, immunofluorescence staining, adenovirus infection, real time PCR and western blotting. Our data demonstrated that Tanshinone II A treatment suppresses vascular injury-induced neointima formation. In vitro studies on rat smooth muscle cell indicated that Tanshinone II A treatment attenuates PDGF-BB induced cell growth, and promotes smooth muscle cell differentiated marker genes expression that induced by rapamycin treatment. Tanshinone II A treatment significant inhibits rat smooth muscle cell proliferation and migration. Tanshinone II A promotes KLF4 expression during smooth muscle phenotypic switching. Overexpression of KLF4 exacerbates Tanshinone II A mediated smooth muscle cell growth inhibition. Tanshinone II A plays a pivotal role in regulating pathological vascular remodeling through KLF4 mediated smooth muscle cell phenotypic switching. This study demonstrated that Tanshinone II A is a potential therapeutic agent for vascular diseases.
| S-EPMC7431534 | biostudies-literature
Project description:The tonicity-responsive transcription factor, nuclear factor of activated T cells 5 (NFAT5/tonicity enhancer binding protein [TonEBP]), has been well characterized in numerous cell types; however, NFAT5 function in vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs) is unknown. Our main objective was to determine the role of NFAT5 regulation in SMCs.We showed that NFAT5 is regulated by hypertonicity in SMCs and is upregulated in atherosclerosis and neointimal hyperplasia. RNAi knockdown of NFAT5 inhibited basal expression of several SMC differentiation marker genes, including smooth muscle ? actin (SM?A). Bioinformatic analysis of SM?A revealed 7 putative NFAT5 binding sites in the first intron, and chromatin immunoprecipitation analysis showed NFAT5 enrichment of intronic DNA. Overexpression of NFAT5 increased SM?A promoter-intron activity, which requires an NFAT5 cis element at +1012, whereas dominant-negative NFAT5 decreased SM?A promoter-intron activity. Because it is unlikely that SMCs experience extreme changes in tonicity, we investigated other stimuli and uncovered 2 novel NFAT5-inducing factors: angiotensin II, a contractile agonist, and platelet-derived growth factor-BB (PDGF-BB), a potent mitogen in vascular injury. Angiotensin II stimulated NFAT5 translocation and activity, and NFAT5 knockdown inhibited an angiotensin II-mediated upregulation of SM?A mRNA. PDGF-BB increased NFAT5 protein, and loss of NFAT5 inhibited PDGF-BB-induced SMC migration.We have identified NFAT5 as a novel regulator of SMC phenotypic modulation and have uncovered the role of NFAT5 in angiotensin II-induced SM?A expression and PDGF-BB-stimulated SMC migration.
| S-EPMC3188807 | biostudies-literature
Project description:ObjectiveThe objective of this study is to investigate the role and underlying mechanism of Olfactomedin 2 (Olfm2) in smooth muscle cell (SMC) phenotypic modulation and vascular remodeling.Approach and resultsPlatelet-derived growth factor-BB induces Olfm2 expression in primary SMCs while modulating SMC phenotype as shown by the downregulation of SMC marker proteins. Knockdown of Olfm2 blocks platelet-derived growth factor-BB-induced SMC phenotypic modulation, proliferation, and migration. Conversely, Olfm2 overexpression inhibits SMC marker expression. Mechanistically, Olfm2 promotes the interaction of serum response factor with the runt-related transcription factor 2 that is induced by platelet-derived growth factor-BB, leading to a decreased interaction between serum response factor and myocardin, causing a repression of SMC marker gene transcription and consequently SMC phenotypic modulation. Animal studies show that Olfm2 is upregulated in balloon-injured rat carotid arteries. Knockdown of Olfm2 effectively inhibits balloon injury-induced neointima formation. Importantly, knockout of Olfm2 in mice profoundly suppresses wire injury-induced neointimal hyperplasia while restoring SMC contractile protein expression, suggesting that Olfm2 plays a critical role in SMC phenotypic modulation in vivo.ConclusionsOlfm2 is a novel factor mediating SMC phenotypic modulation. Thus, Olfm2 may be a potential target for treating injury-induced proliferative vascular diseases.
| S-EPMC5323295 | biostudies-literature
Project description:ObjectivesYes-associated protein (YAP) has been reported to regulate cell proliferation and differentiation. We aimed to characterize the role of YAP in angiotensin II (Ang II)-induced hypertensive vascular remodelling (HVR) and vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) phenotypic modulation and to explore the underlying mechanisms.Materials and methodsAn HVR rat model was established by continuous Ang II infusion for 2 weeks. Western blotting, qRT-PCR, and confocal microscopy were conducted to assess YAP expression. YAP-shRNA interfering plasmid and adenovirus were constructed to knock down YAP. We used cell proliferation and migration assays, accompanied by pathway inhibitors, to evaluate the biological function and underlying mechanisms.ResultsAng II upregulated YAP expression in the media of carotid artery; however, in vivo YAP silencing significantly mitigated HVR, independent of the blood pressure level. Ang II upregulated YAP expression and promoted YAP nuclear accumulation in a dose- and time-dependent manner in rat VSMCs. YAP knockdown ameliorated Ang II-induced VSMCs phenotypic modulation. The regulation of YAP by Ang II could be blocked by pretreatment with angiotensin receptor type 1 antagonist losartan or F-actin depolymerizing agent latrunculin B but not the AT2R antagonist PD 123319. Disrupting the YAP-TEA domain (TEAD) interaction with verteporfin inhibited Ang II-induced VSMCs phenotypic modulation.ConclusionsYes-associated protein mediated angiotensin II-induced VSMCs phenotypic modulation and vascular remodelling. YAP is a potential therapeutic target for HVR beyond blood pressure control.
| S-EPMC6528929 | biostudies-literature
Project description:RationaleVascular smooth muscle cell (SMC) phenotypic modulation is characterized by the downregulation of SMC contractile genes. Platelet-derived growth factor-BB, a well-known stimulator of SMC phenotypic modulation, downregulates SMC genes via posttranscriptional regulation. The underlying mechanisms, however, remain largely unknown.ObjectiveTo establish RNA editing as a novel mechanism controlling SMC phenotypic modulation.Methods and resultsPrecursor mRNAs (pre-mRNA) of SMC myosin heavy chain and smooth muscle α-actin were accumulated while their mature mRNAs were downregulated during SMC phenotypic modulation, suggesting an abnormal splicing of the pre-mRNAs. The abnormal splicing resulted from SMC marker pre-mRNA editing that was facilitated by adenosine deaminase acting on RNA 1 (ADAR1), an enzyme converting adenosines to inosines (A→I editing) in RNA sequences. ADAR1 expression inversely correlated with SMC myosin heavy chain and smooth muscle α-actin levels; knockdown of ADAR1 restored SMC myosin heavy chain and smooth muscle α-actin expression in phenotypically modulated SMC, and editase domain mutation diminished the ADAR1-mediated abnormal splicing of SMC marker pre-mRNAs. Moreover, the abnormal splicing/editing of SMC myosin heavy chain and smooth muscle α-actin pre-mRNAs occurred during injury-induced vascular remodeling. Importantly, heterozygous knockout of ADAR1 dramatically inhibited injury-induced neointima formation and restored SMC marker expression, demonstrating a critical role of ADAR1 in SMC phenotypic modulation and vascular remodeling in vivo.ConclusionsOur results unraveled a novel molecular mechanism, that is, pre-mRNA editing, governing SMC phenotypic modulation.
| S-EPMC4961590 | biostudies-literature