The Association Between Relationship Events and Experiences and Partner Evaluations: An Ideal Standards Perspective.
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ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Chesterman S
PROVIDER: S-EPMC8107208 | biostudies-literature |
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
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Project description:We examined whether the relations of consistency between ideal standards and perceptions of a current romantic partner with partner acceptance and relationship satisfaction level off, or decelerate, above a threshold. We tested our hypothesis using a 3-year longitudinal data set collected from heterosexual newlywed couples. We used two indicators of consistency: pattern correspondence (within-person correlation between ideal standards and perceived partner ratings) and mean-level match (difference between ideal standards score and perceived partner score). Our results revealed that pattern correspondence had no relation with partner acceptance, but a positive linear/exponential association with relationship satisfaction. Mean-level match had a significant positive association with actor's acceptance and relationship satisfaction up to the point where perceived partner score equaled ideal standards score. Partner effects did not show a consistent pattern. The results suggest that the consistency between ideal standards and perceived partner attributes has a non-linear association with acceptance and relationship satisfaction, although the results were more conclusive for mean-level match.
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Project description:BackgroundObservational studies evaluating the relationship between ideal cardiovascular health (CVH) metrics and risk of cardiovascular (CV) events and mortality yielded inconsistent results.HypothesisImprovement in CVH metrics can result in substantial reductions in the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD), stroke, and mortality.MethodsWe examined associations between ideal CVH metrics and CV events and mortality by conducting a meta-analysis of data from prospective cohort studies identified by searching PubMed and Web of Science from their inception to February 2017 and reviewing the reference lists of the retrieved articles.ResultsThirteen prospective studies involving a total of 193 126 cohort members were included in this meta-analysis. When comparing the most to the least category of ideal CVH metrics, the overall relative risks (RRs) were 0.54 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.41-0.69) for all-cause mortality, 0.30 (95% CI: 0.18-0.51) for CV mortality, 0.22 (95% CI: 0.11-0.42) for CVD, and 0.33 (95% CI: 0.20-0.55) for stroke, respectively. A linear dose-response relationship was seen in all-cause and CV mortality. The risk decreased by 11% and 19% for each increase in ideal CVH metrics. For the analyses of ideal health status in relation to all-cause and CV mortality, significant results were obtained from smoking, diet, physical activity, plasma glucose levels, and blood pressure.ConclusionsIdeal CVH status, or even 1 point increase in CVH metrics, can result in substantial reductions in the risk of CVD, stroke, and mortality. Improving metrics of smoking, diet, physical activity, plasma glucose levels, and blood pressure will achieve the highest benefits.
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Project description:BACKGROUND:Ideal cardiovascular health (CVH) was proposed by the American Heart Association to promote population health. We aimed to characterize the association between ideal CVH and markers of subclinical cardiovascular disease (CVD). HYPOTHESIS:We hypothesized that ideal CVH is associated with several markers of subclinical CVD. METHODS:We used data from the Heart Strategies Concentrating on Risk Evaluation (Heart SCORE) study. We assigned 1 for each of the ideal CVH factors met. Endothelial function, expressed as Framingham reactive hyperemia index (fRHI), was measured using the EndoPAT device. Coronary artery calcium (CAC) and carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) were quantified using electron beam computed tomography and carotid ultrasonography, respectively. RESULTS:A total of 1933 participants (mean [SD] age: 59 [7.5] years, 34% male, 44% black) were included. The mean number of ideal CVH factors met was 2.3 ± 1.3, with blacks having significantly lower score compared to whites (2.0 ± 1.2 vs 2.5 ± 1.4, respectively; P < 0.001). Seven hundred and eighty-nine participants (41%) achieved ≥3 ideal CVH factors. Participants with ≥3 ideal CVH factors (compared to those with <3 factors) had an average of 107 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 50-165) Agatston units lower CAC, 0.04 (0.01-0.06) mm lower CIMT, and 0.07 (0.02-0.12) units higher fRHI, after adjusting for age, sex, race, income, education, and marital status. Participants with ≥3 ideal CVH factors had 50% lower odds (95% CI: 28%-66%) of having CAC >100 Agatston units. CONCLUSION:In a community-based study with low prevalence of ideal CVH, even achieving three or more ideal CVH factors were associated with lower burden of subclinical CVD, indicating the utility of this construct for disease prevention.
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Project description:The subcutaneous implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (S-ICD) system is an established therapy for prevention of sudden cardiac death (SCD) and an alternative to a transvenous implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) system in selected patients. Since introduction of S-ICD in 2010, the device has undergone further development. Based on the unique feature of an entirely extracardiac implantation, S-ICD is able to reduce the known common perioperative and long-term complications of conventional transvenous implanted ICD systems. Especially for patients with a complex anatomy and no option of an endovascular lead implantation, the S-ICD offers a potential alternative. Initial uncertainty existed, questioning whether this ICD approach would be reliable in detecting and terminating ventricular arrhythmias. Multiple clinical studies, however, provided evidence for an effective treatment. Based on obvious advantages compared to conventional ICD systems, the question arises whether the S-ICD should actually be the first choice in the majority of all primary prevention patients in the future. Recent data from large registries show that S-ICD indications are also expanding in secondary prevention patients. As a consequence, the S-ICD was listed in the 2015 ESC guidelines as an alternative therapeutic option with a class-IIa recommendation in patients with an ICD indication not requiring pacing for bradycardia, cardiac resynchronization therapy or anti-tachycardia pacing (ATP). In addition, the American Heart Association guidelines refer to class-I recommendation for patients with a complex anatomy and venous access problems or at a high risk for infections who need ICD therapy. Limitations with respect to the not available pacing option of S-ICD might be also overcome by a potential combination with a leadless pacemaker in the near future. This article provides an overview of recent developments of S-ICD and reviews the most recent literature and ongoing studies.
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Project description:The C-statistic of the risk-adjustment model is often used to judge the accuracy of program evaluations. However, the C-statistic depends on the variability in risk for individual transplants and may be inappropriate for determining the accuracy of program evaluations. A simulation study investigated the association of the C-statistic with several metrics of program evaluation accuracy, including categorizing programs into the 5-tier system and identifying programs for regulatory review. The simulation study used data from deceased donor kidney-alone transplants for adult recipients in the program-specific reports released January 2018. A range of C-statistics was generated by changing the variability in risk for individual transplants. The C-statistic had no association with any metric of program evaluation accuracy. Instead, the number of expected events at a program was the most important factor. For example, Spearman's rho, which is the correlation of ranks, was -0.27 and -0.72 between the true program-specific hazard ratios and assigned tiers for programs with, respectively, <3 and >10 expected events. Presence of unadjusted risk factors did not modify the associations, although the accuracy of program evaluations was systematically lower. Therefore, the C-statistic provides no information on the accuracy of program evaluations.
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Project description:Psychosis-like experiences (PLEs), or attenuated positive symptoms of psychosis, present along a severity continuum and have been associated with distressing thoughts and impairments in functioning. Although knowledge of the clinical importance of PLEs is expanding, risk factors for their expression are still poorly understood. Sleep disturbances are one known factor that exacerbate PLEs expression and distress, and trauma exposure is associated with occurrence of PLEs, as well as increased risk of later sleep difficulties. This study examined the joint influences of sleep and trauma on PLEs in an undergraduate sample. Self-report questionnaires on presence and distress of PLEs, sleep problems, and occurrence of previous traumatic experiences were completed by participants (N=409). In order to determine the unique impact of sleep on PLEs, three sets of predictors: sociodemographic, psychosocial (including trauma), and sleep were entered in steps into a hierarchical multiple regression model. In the final model, specific sleep domains uniquely predicted PLEs, while previous trauma exposure, which was a significant predictor when entered in step two with other psychosocial variables, was no longer a significant predictor. Results suggest the possibility that disruptions in sleep following or occurring alongside a traumatic experience may somehow contribute to, or exacerbate the presence of PLEs.
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Project description:We aimed to clarify which beliefs motivate women to control their weight during pregnancy and how such values influence pregnancy outcomes. Using a questionnaire administered during mid- to late- pregnancy in a hospital-based prospective cohort study, we explored women's perceived ideal GWG and their reasons for having this ideal. Using multivariate regression, we evaluated the association between women's perceived ideal GWG and pregnancy outcomes. Among 1,691 normal and underweight women, the most common reason women thought avoiding excessive weight gain was important was "for ease of delivery and/or her health and well-being". 912 (54%) women wished to maintain their GWG below 12?kg, the upper limit recommended by the Japanese governmental guidelines, and had a lower actual GWG compared to those who had less stringent notions of GWG. Compared to women whose perceived ideal GWG was 12?kg, those who considered their perceived limit to be lower had infants with lower birthweight on average despite no significant reduction in cesarean delivery rate or post-partum body weight retention. Our findings suggest that women who believe they should limit their weight gain to an amount lower than the upper limit of current guidelines succeeded in gaining significantly less weight but received no additional benefit.
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