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Changing activity behaviours in vocational school students: the stepwise development and optimised content of the 'let's move it' intervention.

ABSTRACT: Background: School-based interventions that increase physical activity (PA) in a sustainable way are lacking. Systematic and participatory, theory and evidence-based intervention development may enhance the effectiveness of complex behavioural interventions in the long term. However, detailed descriptions of the intervention development process are rarely openly published, hindering transparency and progress in the field. Aims: To illustrate a stepwise process to develop intervention targeting PA and sedentary behaviour (SB) among older adolescents, and to describe the final, optimised version of the intervention, detailing content of sessions by theoretical determinants and techniques. Methods: Two established intervention development frameworks (Intervention Mapping and Behaviour Change Wheel) were integrated, leading to a comprehensive evidence and theory-based process. It was informed by empirical studies, literature reviews, expert and stakeholder consultation, including scenario evaluation and component pre-testing. In all steps, contextual fit and potential for sustainability were ensured by stakeholder engagement. Results: As a large majority of youth opposed decreasing screen time, increasing PA and decreasing SB were defined as target behaviours, with peers and the school context including classroom practices as key social environments in influencing youth PA (problem specification, step 1). Behavioural diagnosis (step 2) identified a variety of determinants in the domains of capability (e.g. self-regulation skills), motivation (e.g. outcome expectations) and environmental opportunities. These were organised into an intervention theory integrating several formal theories, including Self-Determination Theory. Theory-aligned principles guided material design (Step 3). Feasibility RCT allowed optimisation into a final intervention protocol (step 4). Conclusions: Intervention elements target students directly, and indirectly by changing teacher behaviour and the school and wider environment. A systematic development and optimisation led to a high potential for sustainability. The detailed intervention content, with specification of the hypothesised mechanisms, allows for other researchers to replicate, adapt or refine parts or the whole intervention, considering specific target groups and (sub-)cultures.

SUBMITTER: Hankonen N

PROVIDER: S-EPMC8114352 | biostudies-literature |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Project description:21st Century Learning shifts the learning paradigm to change the way of learning and teaching. Organizing education containing three aspects of work readiness (knowledge, attitudes, and skills) is challenging for educators. Many educators only use the explanation method in vocational guidance, and do not fully use the demonstration method of learning machining practices related to how to work, how to behave in the workplace, and how to comply with regulations in the workplace, this causes many graduates who only have minimal competence, so they are not according to industry standards. This study aims to determine the effect of integrated vocational guidance on student work readiness in Vocational High Schools. This research is quasi-experimental research with a quantitative approach. The experimental design used was a pretest-posttest non-equivalent control group design. This study used a control group with an explanation method and an experimental group with a demonstration method. In the explanation method in this study, the teacher explains how the machine works verbally, while in the demonstration method, the teacher demonstrates how the machine works and operates it, followed by student activities practising it again in the machine laboratory. The population of this study were students of the Mechanical Engineering Expertise Program. Data collection is done by observation and tests. Observations were used to collect data on technical skills and work attitudes. The test is used to collect data on aspects of basic knowledge. The results showed that: (1) The value of work readiness (knowledge, attitudes, skills) using the explanation method based on the Minimum Completeness Criteria (MCC); (2) The value of work readiness (knowledge, attitudes, skills) with the demonstration method above the MCC. This research has practical implications for vocational teachers who provide vocational guidance services with demonstration methods to students, especially the latest technological advances for learning, such as the use of the internet, digital technology, VR/AR, etc.

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Changing activity behaviours in vocational school students: the stepwise development and optimised content of the 'let's move it' intervention.

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