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Complete mitochondrial genome of the summer heath fritillary butterfly, Mellicta ambigua (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae).

ABSTRACT: We sequenced the mitochondrial genome (mitogeome) of the summer heath fritillary bullterfly, Mellicta ambigua Ménétriès, 1859 (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae), which is listed as an endangered insect in South Korea. The 15,205-bp long complete genome contained 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), 2 rRNA genes, 22 tRNA genes, and 1 A + T-rich region with an arrangement identical to that observed in most insect mitogenomes. Unlike the other PCGs, COI had the atypical CGA start codon frequently found in lepidopteran COI. The A/T content of the whole mitogenome was 80.57%; however, it varied among the regions/genes as follows: A + T-rich region, 93.39%; srRNA, 85.37%; lrRNA, 84.92%; tRNAs, 81.13%; and PCGs, 79.22%. Phylogenetic analyses using concatenated sequences of the 13 PCGs and 2 rRNAs placed M. ambigua as a sister group to the within-tribe species, Melitaea cinxia, with the highest nodal support both in the maximum-likelihood (ML) and Bayesian inference (BI) methods.

SUBMITTER: Kim MJ

PROVIDER: S-EPMC8118395 | biostudies-literature |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Gene flow rise with habitat fragmentation in the bog fritillary butterfly (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae).

Project description:BackgroundThe main components of the spatial genetic structure of the populations are neighbourhood size and isolation by distance. These may be inferred from the allele frequencies across a series of populations within a region. Here, the spatial population structure of Proclossiana eunomia was investigated in two mountainous areas of southern Europe (Asturias, Spain and Pyrenees, France) and in two areas of intermediate elevation (Morvan, France and Ardennes, Belgium).ResultsA total of eight polymorphic loci were scored by allozyme electrophoresis, revealing a higher polymorphism in the populations of southern Europe than in those of central Europe. Isolation by distance effect was much stronger in the two mountain ranges (Pyrenees and Asturias) than in the two areas of lower elevation (Ardennes and Morvan). By contrast, the neighbourhood size estimates were smaller in the Ardennes and in the Morvan than in the two high mountain areas, indicating more common movements between neighbouring patches in the mountains than in plains.ConclusionShort and long dispersal events are two phenomena with distinct consequences in the population genetics of natural populations. The differences in level of population differentiation within each the four regions may be explained by change in dispersal in lowland recently fragmented landscapes: on average, butterflies disperse to a shorter distance but the few ones which disperse long distance do so more efficiently. Habitat fragmentation has evolutionary consequences exceeding by far the selection of dispersal related traits: the balance between local specialisation and gene flow would be perturbed, which would modify the extent to which populations are adapted to heterogeneous environments.

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The complete mitochondrial genome of the Jackson's leaf butterfly Mallika jacksoni (Insecta: Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae).

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The complete mitochondrial genome of the Indian leafwing butterfly Kallima paralekta (insecta: Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae).

Project description:The Indian leafwing butterfly Kallima paralekta (Horsfield, 1829) (Nymphalidae) is an Asian forest-dwelling, leaf-mimic. Genome skimming by Illumina sequencing permitted assembly of a complete circular mitogenome of 15,200 bp from K. paralekta consisting of 79.5% AT nucleotides, 22 tRNAs, 13 protein-coding genes, two rRNAs and a control region in the typical butterfly gene order. Kallima paralekta COX1 features an atypical CGA start codon, while ATP6, COX1, COX2, ND4, ND4L, and ND5 exhibit incomplete stop codons completed by 3' A residues added to the mRNA. Phylogenetic reconstruction places K. paraleckta within the monophyletic genus Kallima, sister to Mallika in the subfamily Nymphalinae. These data support the monophyly of tribe Kallimini and contribute to the evolutionary systematics of the Nymphalidae.

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The complete mitochondrial genome of the Bermuda buckeye butterfly Junonia coenia bergi (Insecta: Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae).

Project description:The Bermuda buckeye, Junonia coenia bergi, is the only butterfly endemic to Bermuda, but is largely unstudied. Whole-genome Illumina sequencing was used to obtain a complete circular mitochondrial genome sequence of 15,221 bp consisting of 22 tRNAs, 13 protein-coding genes, 2 rRNAs and a control region. Mitogenome structure and organization was found to be very similar to that of other Junonia butterfly mitogenomes. Excluding ambiguous nucleotides, the J. coenia bergi mitogenome is 99.1% identical to the J. coenia coenia mitogenome. Parsimony and maximum-likelihood phylogenetic reconstruction revealed the monophyly of subfamily Nymphalinae, genus Junonia, and species J. coenia.

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The complete mitochondrial genome of the brown pansy butterfly, Junonia stygia (Aurivillius, 1894), (Insecta: Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae).

Project description:The brown pansy, Junonia stygia (Aurivillius, 1894) (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae), is a widespread West African forest butterfly. Genome skimming by Illumina sequencing allowed assembly of a complete 15,233 bp circular mitogenome from J. stygia consisting of 79.5% AT nucleotides. Mitochondrial gene order and composition is identical to other butterfly mitogenomes. Junonia stygia COX1 features an atypical CGA start codon, while ATP6, COX1, COX2, ND4, and ND4L exhibit incomplete stop codons. Phylogenetic reconstruction supports a monophyletic Subfamily Nymphalinae, Tribe Junoniini, and genus Junonia. The phylogenetic tree places Junonia iphita and J. stygia as basal mitogenome lineages sister to the remaining Junonia sequences.

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The complete mitochondrial genome and phylogenetic analysis of the European map butterfly Araschnia levana (Insecta: Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae).

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The complete mitochondrial genome of Apatura laverna (lepidoptera: Nymphalidae).

Project description:Apatura laverna is subordinate to Apatura Fabricius of Nymphalidae, and endemic to China. The complete mitochondrial genome of A. laverna was sequenced and analyzed in the study. The length of the complete mitogenome is 15,187 bp, including 37 genes and a control region. COI gene initiate with a CGA codon, the rest 12 genes start with typical ATN. Eleven of 13 PCGs have a complete stop codon TAN except for COII and ND4 have a single T. The phylogenetic analyses support that A. laverna has a close relationship with the clade including A. metis and A. ilia.

| S-EPMC8425737 | biostudies-literature

Phylogenetic analysis of the complete mitochondrial genome of the white peacock butterfly Anartia jatrophae saturata (Insecta: Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae).

Project description:The white peacock butterfly Anartia jatrophae saturata Staudinger, 1884 (Nymphalidae: Nymphalinae: Victorini), lives in the neotropics. Genome skimming with Illumina sequencing of A. jatrophae saturata allowed the assembly of a complete circular mitogenome of 15,297 bp, consisting of 81.4% AT nucleotides, 22 tRNAs, 13 protein-coding genes, two rRNAs, and a control region. Anartia jatrophae COX1 features an atypical start codon (CGA); ATP6, COX1, ND1, ND4, ND4L, ND5, and ND6 exhibit incomplete stop codons completed in the mRNA by the addition of 3' A residues. Contrary to previous phylogenetic hypotheses, phylogenetic reconstruction places A. jatrophae as sister to nymphalid tribe Nymphalini.

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