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Insight on Solution Plasma in Aqueous Solution and Their Application in Modification of Chitin and Chitosan.

ABSTRACT: Sustainability and environmental concerns have persuaded researchers to explore renewable materials, such as nature-derived polysaccharides, and add value by changing chemical structures with the aim to possess specific properties, like biological properties. Meanwhile, finding methods and strategies that can lower hazardous chemicals, simplify production steps, reduce time consumption, and acquire high-purified products is an important task that requires attention. To break through these issues, electrical discharging in aqueous solutions at atmospheric pressure and room temperature, referred to as the "solution plasma process", has been introduced as a novel process for modification of nature-derived polysaccharides like chitin and chitosan. This review reveals insight into the electrical discharge in aqueous solutions and scientific progress on their application in a modification of chitin and chitosan, including degradation and deacetylation. The influencing parameters in the plasma process are intensively explained in order to provide a guideline for the modification of not only chitin and chitosan but also other nature-derived polysaccharides, aiming to address economic aspects and environmental concerns.

SUBMITTER: Chokradjaroen C

PROVIDER: S-EPMC8122608 | biostudies-literature |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Project description:It has been previously demonstrated that copper-based metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) accelerate formation of the therapeutically active molecule nitric oxide (NO) from S-nitrosothiols (RSNOs). Because RSNOs are naturally present in blood, this function is hypothesized to permit the controlled production of NO through use of MOF-based blood-contacting materials. The practical implementation of MOFs in this application typically requires incorporation within a polymer support, yet this immobilization has been shown to impair the ability of the MOF to interact with the NO-forming RSNO substrate. Here, the water-stable, copper-based MOF H3[(Cu4Cl)3-(BTTri)8] (H3BTTri = 1,3,5-tris(1H-1,2,3-triazol-5-yl)benzene), or Cu-BTTri, was incorporated within the naturally derived polysaccharide chitosan to form membranes that were evaluated for their ability to enhance NO generation from the RSNO S-nitrosoglutathione (GSNO). This is the first report to evaluate MOF-induced NO release from GSNO, the most abundant small-molecule RSNO. At a 20 μM initial GSNO concentration (pH 7.4 phosphate buffered saline, 37 °C), chitosan/Cu-BTTri membranes induced the release of 97 ± 3% of theoretical NO within approximately 4 h, corresponding to a 65-fold increase over the baseline thermal decomposition of GSNO. Furthermore, incorporation of Cu-BTTri within hydrophilic chitosan did not impair the activity of the MOF, unlike earlier efforts using hydrophobic polyurethane or poly(vinyl chloride). The reuse of the membranes continued to enhance NO production from GSNO in subsequent experiments, suggesting the potential for continued use. Additionally, the major organic product of Cu-BTTri-promoted GSNO decomposition was identified as oxidized glutathione via mass spectrometry, confirming prior hypotheses. Structural analysis by pXRD and assessment of copper leaching by ICP-AES indicated that Cu-BTTri retains crystallinity and exhibits no significant degradation following exposure to GSNO. Taken together, these findings provide insight into the function and utility of polymer/Cu-BTTri systems and may support the development of future MOF-based biomaterials.

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Insight on Solution Plasma in Aqueous Solution and Their Application in Modification of Chitin and Chitosan.

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