Dataset Information

Determination of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Their Methylated Derivatives in Sewage Sludge from Northeastern China: Occurrence, Profiles and Toxicity Evaluation.

ABSTRACT: This paper assesses the occurrence, distribution, source, and toxicity of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), and their methylated form (Me-PAHs) in sewage sludge from 10 WWTPs in Northeastern China was noted. The concentrations of ∑PAHs, ∑Me-PAHs ranged from 567 to 5040 and 48.1 to 479 ng.g-1dw, which is greater than the safety limit for sludge in agriculture in China. High and low molecular weight 4 and 2-ring PAHs and Me-PAHs in sludge were prevalent. The flux of sludge PAHs and Me-PAHs released from ten WWTPs, in Heilongjiang province, was calculated to be over 100 kg/year. Principal component analysis (PCA), diagnostic ratios and positive matrix factorization (PMF) determined a similar mixed pyrogenic and petrogenic source of sewage sludge. The average values of Benzo[a]pyrene was below the safe value of 600 ng.g-1 dependent on an incremental lifetime cancer risk ILCR of 10^-6. Sludge is an important source for the transfer of pollutants into the environment, such as PAHs and Me-PAHs. Consequently, greater consideration should be given to its widespread occurrence.

SUBMITTER: Mohammed R

PROVIDER: S-EPMC8124507 | biostudies-literature |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Project description:In recent years, significant attention has been given to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) exposures given their mutagenic and carcinogenic properties. However, levels of exposure and the key determinants of exposure are not well defined for the trucking industry. We measured ultrafine particle characteristics at 10 trucking terminals of varying operating size and location in the Northeast region of the United States using particle concentration counter and a surface area analyzer. Multivariate mixed-effects linear regression models were used to assess determinants of the concentration of total bound PAHs (tPAH), the total aerosol active surface area (AS), and the ratio tPAH/AS overall and individually within docks, trucking cabs, and administrative offices. Associations between PAH measures with integrated measures of elemental carbon (EC), organic carbon (OC), and particulate matter (PM)2.5 were assessed by Spearman rank correlation. In adjusted models, tPAH, AS, and tPAH/AS average concentrations (95% confidence interval) were significantly higher in truck cabs compared to office locations (1.26 (ng m-3) (1.18, 1.35); 0.99 (mm2 mm-3) (0.91, 1.08); 0.26 (ng mm-2) (0.18, 0.33), respectively). In the loading dock, AS concentrations were significantly higher than in the office (0.67 (0.61, 0.71), while the tPAH/AS was not (-0.63 (-0.67, -0.58). In each location, average tPAH concentrations were moderately but significantly correlated with EC (r = 0.47-0.63) and with tPAH/AS (r = 0.34-0.40) in the truck cabs and loading docks. In conclusion, key predictors of tPAH, AS, and tPAH/AS within the trucking industry are work location (in particular truck cabs and terminal docks) and terminal characteristics (size). The association of tPAH and tPAH/AS with EC concentrations in dockworkers and pick-up and delivery drivers is consistent with occupational exposure attributable to vehicle exhaust. Therefore, measurement of tPAH, AS, and tPAH/AS to characterize ultrafine particles and bound PAH concentrations provide additional information regarding exposures in the trucking industry not captured by integrated measures by EC, OC, and PM2.5.

Project description:Bacterial strains of the genus Sphingomonas are often isolated from contaminated soils for their ability to use polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) as the sole source of carbon and energy. The direct detection of Sphingomonas strains in contaminated soils, either indigenous or inoculated, is, as such, of interest for bioremediation purposes. In this study, a culture-independent PCR-based detection method using specific primers targeting the Sphingomonas 16S rRNA gene combined with denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) was developed to assess Sphingomonas diversity in PAH-contaminated soils. PCR using the new primer pair on a set of template DNAs of different bacterial genera showed that the method was selective for bacteria belonging to the family Sphingomonadaceae.Single-band DGGE profiles were obtained for most Sphingomonas strains tested. Strains belonging to the same species had identical DGGE fingerprints, and in most cases, these fingerprints were typical for one species. Inoculated strains could be detected at a cell concentration of 10(4) CFU g of soil(-1). The analysis of Sphingomonas population structures of several PAH-contaminated soils by the new PCR-DGGE method revealed that soils containing the highest phenanthrene concentrations showed the lowest Sphingomonas diversity. Sequence analysis of cloned PCR products amplified from soil DNA revealed new 16S rRNA gene Sphingomonas sequences significantly different from sequences from known cultivated isolates (i.e., sequences from environmental clones grouped phylogenetically with other environmental clone sequences available on the web and that possibly originated from several potential new species). In conclusion, the newly designed Sphingomonas-specific PCR-DGGE detection technique successfully analyzed the Sphingomonas communities from polluted soils at the species level and revealed different Sphingomonas members not previously detected by culture-dependent detection techniques.

Dataset Information

Determination of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Their Methylated Derivatives in Sewage Sludge from Northeastern China: Occurrence, Profiles and Toxicity Evaluation.

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