Effects of Acute Prolonged Sitting and Interrupting Prolonged Sitting on Heart Rate Variability and Heart Rate in Adults: A Meta-Analysis.
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SUBMITTER: Bates LC
PROVIDER: S-EPMC8126673 | biostudies-literature |
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
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Project description:PurposeThis study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of physical activity (PA) interrupting prolonged sitting (PS) on postprandial glycemia and insulin responses among adults.MethodsPubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, CINAHL, PsycINFO, and the China National Knowledge Infrastructure databases were searched through September 30, 2020. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that examined the effect of all forms of PA interrupting PS on postprandial glycemia and/or insulin responses among adults without chronic diseases were included in this study. The risk of bias of included studies was evaluated based on the Cochrane tool. A network meta-analysis was performed to estimate the summary standardized mean differences (SMDs) with 95% confidence intervals (95%CIs) with random effects.ResultsThirty crossover RCTs were included in our review. These RCTs included 9 types of interventions that interrupted PS. When compared to PS by itself, light-intensity PA intermittent interrupting (LPA-INT) PS and moderate-intensity PA intermittent interrupting (MPA-INT) PS significantly lowered postprandial glycemia (SMD = -0.46, 95%CI: -0.70 to -0.21; SMD = -0.69, 95%CI: -1.00 to -0.37, respectively) and significantly reduced postprandial insulin response (SMD = -0.46, 95%CI: -0.66 to -0.26; SMD = -0.47, 95%CI: -0.77 to -0.17, respectively). Results of the clustered ranking plot indicated that MPA-INT was the most effective intervention in lowering postprandial glycemia and insulin responses.ConclusionReplacing PS with MPA-INT or LPA-INT has a positive effect in reducing postprandial glycemia and insulin responses, with MPA-INT being the optimal intervention strategy.
| S-EPMC8343076 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundIncreasing evidence highlights that accumulating sitting time in prolonged bouts is detrimental to cardiometabolic health.ObjectivesThis systematic review aimed to compare the effects of fractionating prolonged sitting with frequent short bouts of standing and light-intensity walking on cardiometabolic health markers and conduct a meta-analysis for differences in systolic blood pressure (SBP), postprandial glucose and insulin.MethodsExperimental randomised crossover trials with at least three intervention arms that assessed interrupting sitting with frequent short bouts of standing and light-intensity walking over a single day compared to a prolonged sitting condition were retrieved. These studies measured at minimum one marker of cardiometabolic health in adults > 18 years. An electronic search was completed on the 2nd of August 2021, searching PubMed and Web of Science Core Collection, Scopus, Embase, Cochrane Library and APA PsycINFO. Risk of bias was assessed using a modified Downs and Black checklist. A meta-analysis was conducted using calculated Cohen's d quantifying the magnitude of difference between experimental conditions.ResultsSeven studies met the inclusion criteria for the systematic review. All seven studies were included within the meta-analysis for postprandial glucose, four studies were pooled for postprandial insulin and three for SBP. Biomarkers of cardiometabolic health were discussed qualitatively if fewer than three studies measured and reported the variable. A meta-analysis of seven acute, 1-day randomised crossover trials that sampled mixed-sex adults (aged > 18 years) who were predominately overweight or participants with obesity found that standing as an interruption to prolonged sitting significantly reduced postprandial glucose (∆ = - 0.31, 95% CI - 0.60, - 0.03; z = - 2.15, p < 0.04) but had no significant effect on insulin or SBP. Light-intensity walking was shown to significantly attenuate postprandial glucose (∆ = - 0.72, 95% CI - 1.03, - 0.41; z = - 4.57, p < 0.001) and insulin (∆ = - 0.83, 95% CI - 1.18, - 0.48; z = - 4.66, p < 0.001) compared to continued sitting. When comparing light-intensity walking breaks compared to standing breaks a significant reduction in glucose (∆ = - 0.30, 95% CI - 0.52, - 0.08; z = -2.64, p < 0.009) and insulin (∆ = - 0.54, 95% CI - 0.75, - 0.33; z = -4.98, p < 0.001) was observed. Both standing and light-intensity walking showed no effect on SBP.ConclusionsFrequent short interruptions of standing significantly attenuated postprandial glucose compared to prolonged sitting; however, light-intensity walking was found to represent a superior physical activity break. The feasibility and longitudinal implications of breaking sedentary behaviour with light-intensity walking should be investigated in a free-living setting.RegistrationNot available.
| S-EPMC9325803 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundPhysical activity (PA) breaks in sitting time might attenuate metabolic markers relevant to the prevention of type 2 diabetes.ObjectivesThe primary aim of this paper was to systematically review and meta-analyse trials that compared the effects of breaking up prolonged sitting with bouts of PA throughout the day (INT) versus continuous sitting (SIT) on glucose, insulin and triacylglycerol (TAG) measures. A second aim was to compare the effects of INT versus continuous exercise (EX) on glucose, insulin and TAG measures.MethodsThe review followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) recommendations. Eligibility criteria consisted of trials comparing INT vs. SIT or INT vs. one bout of EX before or after sitting, in participants aged 18 or above, who were classified as either metabolically healthy or impaired, but not with other major health conditions such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease or peripheral arterial disease.ResultsA total of 42 studies were included in the overall review, whereas a total of 37 studies were included in the meta-analysis. There was a standardised mean difference (SMD) of - 0.54 (95% CI - 0.70, - 0.37, p?=?0.00001) in favour of INT compared to SIT for glucose. With respect to insulin, there was an SMD of - 0.56 (95% CI - 0.74, - 0.38, p?=?0.00001) in favour of INT. For TAG, there was an SMD of - 0.26 (95% CI - 0.44, - 0.09, p?=?0.002) in favour of INT. Body mass index (BMI) was associated with glucose responses (??=?- 0.05, 95% CI - 0.09, - 0.01, p?=?0.01), and insulin (??=?- 0.05, 95% CI - 0.10, - 0.006, p?=?0.03), but not TAG (??=?0.02, 95% CI - 0.02, 0.06, p?=?0.37). When energy expenditure was matched, there was an SMD of - 0.26 (95% CI - 0.50, - 0.02, p?=?0.03) in favour of INT for glucose, but no statistically significant SMDs for insulin, i.e. 0.35 (95% CI - 0.37, 1.07, p?=?0.35), or TAG i.e. 0.08 (95% CI - 0.22, 0.37, p?=?0.62). It is worth noting that there was possible publication bias for TAG outcomes when PA breaks were compared with sitting.ConclusionThe use of PA breaks during sitting moderately attenuated post-prandial glucose, insulin, and TAG, with greater glycaemic attenuation in people with higher BMI. There was a statistically significant small advantage for PA breaks over continuous exercise for attenuating glucose measures when exercise protocols were energy matched, but no statistically significant differences for insulin and TAG. PROSPERO Registration: CRD42017080982.Prospero registrationCRD42017080982.
| S-EPMC6985064 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BACKGROUND:Short-term and long-term exposure to prolonged sitting is associated with excess food intake and weight gain in children. Interrupting prolonged sitting with low-intensity activity has been shown to not alter hunger, satiety, or food consumption in children, however it is unclear whether interrupting sitting with high-intensity activity will alter appetite regulation in children. PURPOSE:The purpose of this study was to examine the acute effects of interrupting prolonged sitting with intermittent activity performed at varying intensities on hunger, satiety, prospective food consumption (PFC), and food intake in preadolescent children. METHODS:Thirty-nine children (ages 7-11 years, 54% female, 33% overweight/obese) completed four experimental conditions in random order: 8 hours of sitting interrupted with 20, 2-minute low-, moderate-, or high-intensity activity breaks or 20, 2-minute sedentary screen time breaks. Exercise intensity corresponded with 25%, 50% and 75% of heart rate reserve, respectively. Hunger, satiety, and PFC were assessed using the Visual Analog Scale, at five time points (pre- and post-breakfast, pre- and post-lunch, and pre-dinner) during each experimental condition. Dietary compensation was assessed as total caloric intake during a post-condition dinner standardized to provide 70% of estimated daily energy requirements. RESULTS:There was a significant effect of time on hunger, satiety, and PFC throughout each condition day (p< 0.001). There were no differences across conditions for hunger (sedentary: 4.9±0.3 cm, low: 5.0±0.3 cm, moderate: 5.1±0.3 cm, high: 5.1±0.3 cm, p>0.05), satiety (sedentary: 4.7±0.3 cm, low: 4.4±0.3 cm, moderate: 4.6±0.3 cm, high: 4.2±0.3 cm, p>0.05), and PFC (sedentary: 4.9±0.3 cm, low: 4.7±0.3 cm, moderate: 4.9±0.3 cm, high: 5.0±0.3 cm, p>0.05). There were no significant differences in post-activity food intake across conditions (sedentary: 1071.9±53.6 kcals; low: 1092.6±43.4kcals; moderate: 996.2±54.6kcals; high: 1138.7±62.8kcals, p>0.05). However, there was a significant effect of condition on energy balance (sedentary: +61.4±65.9 kcals, low: +74.9±57.6 kcals, moderate: -58.3±62.8 kcals, high: -391.2±77.9 kcals; p<0.001). There were no significant effects of weight status on hunger, satiety, PFC, post-activity food intake, and mean energy balance across conditions (all p's>0.05). CONCLUSIONS:Interrupting prolonged sitting with physical activity of any intensity does not alter appetite sensations and subsequent food consumption in children. These data suggest that interventions targeting prolonged sitting with high-intensity intermittent activity may be an effective strategy to increase physical activity energy expenditure without increasing food intake, allowing for a short-term energy deficit in both healthy weight and overweight/obese children. Future studies should examine the long-term effects of interrupting prolonged sitting with activity on food consumption and weight status in preadolescent children.
| S-EPMC5747427 | biostudies-literature
Project description:AimThe purpose of the present study was to elucidate the relationship between high-frequency heart rate variability (HF HRV) and continuous daytime sitting time in patients with cardiovascular risk factors such as mild hypertension and/or stable angina pectoris.BackgroundDecreased HF HRV precedes the progression and worsening of cardiovascular diseases. Continuous sitting behavior is a major risk factor for developing metabolic syndrome and is associated with cardiovascular disease, diabetes mellitus, renal failure, sarcopenia and osteoporosis. Risk factors for cardiovascular disease can be affected by continuous daytime sitting behaviors.DesignThe present study design was a post-hoc comparison.MethodsPatients treated at two different primary care clinics from 2014 to 2018 were enrolled in this study (n = 53). We assessed HF HRV and continuous sitting time using 24-hour Holter electrocardiography and an activity meter at baseline and 6 months. HF HRV was calculated during sleep.ResultsSitting time had decreased in 22 patients (decreased group) and increased in 31 patients (increased group) after 6 months. The mean patient ages were 73.1 and 72.0 years in the decreased and increased sitting time groups, respectively (p = 0.503). HF HRV during sleep had increased after 6 months in the decreased sitting time group. Compared with the increased group, the decreased group showed significantly higher HF HRV during sleep after 6 months by two-way repeated-measures ANOVA after adjustment for age, sex and change in activity (p = 0.045).ConclusionThese results suggest that a decrease in sitting time might induce parasympathetic activity during sleep. Therefore, reducing continuous sitting time during the day might contribute, in part, to improving the prognosis of patients with cardiovascular risk factors not only by avoiding muscle loss but also by providing positive influences on parasympathetic tone during sleep.
| S-EPMC8208552 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Breaking up prolonged periods of time spent sitting has a range of beneficial impacts on cardiometabolic risk biomarkers. The molecular mechanisms include regulation of skeletal muscle gene and protein expression controlling metabolic, inflammatory and cell development pathways. An active communication network exists between adipose and muscle tissue, but the effect of active breaks in prolonged sitting on adipose tissue have yet to be investigated. This study characterised the acute transcriptional events induced in adipose tissue by regular active breaks during prolonged sitting. In a subset of 8 overweight/obese adults participating in an acute randomised three-intervention crossover trial, subcutaneous adipose tissue biopsies were obtained after each condition. The three experimental conditions were conducted in the postprandial state and included: i) prolonged uninterrupted sitting; or prolonged sitting interrupted with 2-minute bouts of ii) light- or iii) moderate-intensity treadmill walking every 20 minutes. Microarrays identified 36 differentially expressed genes between the three conditions (fold change≥0.5 in either direction; p<0.05). Pathway analysis indicated that breaking up of prolonged sitting led to differential regulation of adipose tissue metabolic networks and inflammatory pathways, increased insulin signalling, increased adipocyte turnover, and facilitated cross-talk between adipose tissue and other organs. This study provides insight into the adipose tissue regulatory systems and transcriptional processes that contribute to the physiological benefits of interrupting prolonged sitting.
2018-06-13 | GSE115645 | GEO
Project description:In France, new cancer cases keep on increasing with around 150 000 deaths yearly. Cancer therapy research is constantly evolving. Indeed, several studies explore new treatments or their combination with conventional cancer treatments. But, at the same time, complementary and alternative medicines, as osteopathy, remain little explored upon their role in the combination with conventional therapy.
Several studies showed indirect interaction between vagus nerve and cancer. Firstly, vagus nerve regulates homeostasis and immunity by reducing systemic inflammation while maintaining local inflammation and antitumor effects. Secondly, vagus nerve stimulation increases Heart Rate Variability (HRV). Moreover, a higher HRV is associated with an improvement of vital prognosis in cancer patients. Vagus nerve could be stimulated by noninvasive osteopathic manipulations.
This prospective, monocentric and randomized study is a collaboration between the Centre Hospitalier d’Avignon and the Institut de Formation en Ostéopathie du Grand Avignon. It focuses on using noninvasive osteopathic mobilizations to stimulate vagus nerve. Indeed, this study aims to evaluate effects of vagus nerve osteopathic stimulations on HRV in patients with lung cancer, colorectal cancer, Non Hodgkin Lymphoma or Multiple Myeloma. More specifically, this study will tell us whether vagus nerve noninvasive osteopathic stimulations induce increase of HRV associated with a decrease of systemic inflammation and an improvement of patient’s quality of life.
| 2364606 | ecrin-mdr-crc
Project description:Pulmonary vascular diseases (PVDs), defined as arterial or chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension, are associated with autonomic cardiovascular dysregulation. Resting heart rate variability (HRV) is commonly used to assess autonomic function. Hypoxia is associated with sympathetic overactivation and patients with PVD might be particularly vulnerable to hypoxia-induced autonomic dysregulation. In a randomised crossover trial, 17 stable patients with PVD (resting PaO2 ≥ 7.3 kPa) were exposed to ambient air (FiO2 = 21%) and normobaric hypoxia (FiO2 = 15%) in random order. Indices of resting HRV were derived from two nonoverlapping 5-10-min three-lead electrocardiography segments. We found a significant increase in all time- and frequency-domain HRV measures in response to normobaric hypoxia. There was a significant increase in root mean squared sum difference of RR intervals (RMSSD; 33.49 (27.14) vs. 20.76 (25.19) ms; p < 0.01) and RR50 count divided by the total number of all RR intervals (pRR50; 2.75 (7.81) vs. 2.24 (3.39) ms; p = 0.03) values in normobaric hypoxia compared to ambient air. Both high-frequency (HF; 431.40 (661.56) vs. 183.70 (251.25) ms2; p < 0.01) and low-frequency (LF; 558.60 (746.10) vs. 203.90 (425.63) ms2; p = 0.02) values were significantly higher in normobaric hypoxia compared to normoxia. These results suggest a parasympathetic dominance during acute exposure to normobaric hypoxia in PVD.
| S-EPMC10003175 | biostudies-literature
Project description:To evaluate if sedentary time (ST) is associated with heart rate (HR) and variability (HRV) in adults. We systematically searched PubMed and Google Scholar through June 2020. Inclusion criteria were observational design, humans, adults, English language, ST as the exposure, resting HR/HRV as the outcome, and (meta-analysis only) availability of the quantitative association with variability. After qualitative synthesis, meta-analysis used inverse variance heterogeneity models to estimate pooled associations. Thirteen and eight articles met the criteria for the systematic review and meta-analysis, respectively. All studies were cross-sectional and few used gold standard ST or HRV assessment methodology. The qualitative synthesis suggested no associations between ST and HR/HRV. The meta-analysis found a significant association between ST and HR (β = 0.24 bpm per hour ST; CI: 0.10, 0.37) that was stronger in males (β = 0.36 bpm per hour ST; CI: 0.19, 0.53). Pooled associations between ST and HRV indices were non-significant (p > 0.05). Substantial heterogeneity was detected. The limited available evidence suggests an unfavorable but not clinically meaningful association between ST and HR, but no association with HRV. Future longitudinal studies assessing ST with thigh-based monitoring and HRV with electrocardiogram are needed.
| S-EPMC8391190 | biostudies-literature
Project description:To compare the acute effects of uninterrupted sitting with sitting interrupted by brief bouts of light-intensity walking on self-reported fatigue, cognition, neuroendocrine biomarkers and cardiometabolic risk markers in overweight/obese adults.Randomised two-condition crossover trial.Laboratory study conducted in Melbourne, Australia.19 overweight/obese adults (45-75 years).After an initial 2 h period seated, participants consumed a meal-replacement beverage and completed (on 2 days separated by a 6-day washout period) each condition over the next 5 h: uninterrupted sitting (sedentary condition) or sitting with 3 min bouts of light-intensity walking every 30 min (active condition).Self-reported fatigue, executive function and episodic memory at 0 h, 4 h and 7 h.Neuroendocrine biomarkers and cardiometabolic risk markers (blood collections at 0 h, 4 h and 7 h, blood pressure and heart rate measured hourly and interstitial glucose measured using a continuous glucose monitoring system).During the active condition, fatigue levels were lower at 4 h (-13.32 (95% CI -23.48 to -3.16)) and at 7 h (-10.73 (95% CI -20.89 to -0.58)) compared to the sedentary condition. Heart rate was higher at 4 h (4.47 (95% CI 8.37 to 0.58)) and at 7 h (4.32 (95% CI 8.21 to 0.42)) during the active condition compared to the sedentary condition. There were no significant differences between conditions by time for other variables. In the sedentary condition, changes in fatigue scores over time correlated with a decrease in heart rate and plasma dihydroxyphenylalanine (DOPA) and an increase in plasma dihydroxyphenylglycol (DHPG).Interrupting prolonged sitting with light-intensity walking breaks may be an effective fatigue countermeasure acutely. Fatigue levels corresponded with the heart rate and neuroendocrine biomarker changes in uninterrupted sitting in this pilot study. Further research is needed to identify potential implications, particularly for the occupational health context.ACTRN12613000137796; Results.
| S-EPMC4769400 | biostudies-other