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A Virus Infecting Hibiscus rosa-sinensis Represents an Evolutionary Link Between Cileviruses and Higreviruses.

ABSTRACT: Hibiscus (Hibiscus spp.) are popular ornamental and landscape plants in Hawaii which are susceptible to foliar diseases caused by viruses belonging to the genera Cilevirus and Higrevirus (family Kitaviridae). In this study, a virus infecting H. rosa-sinensis plants displaying foliar symptoms consistent with infection by a kitavirus, including yellow chlorotic blotches with a green perimeter, was characterized. The genome consisted of two RNAs 8.4 and 4.4 kb in length, and was organized most similarly to cileviruses, but with important distinctions. These included the location of the p29 homolog as the 3'-terminal open reading frame (ORF) of RNA2 instead of its typical locus at the 3'-end of RNA1; the absence of a p15 homolog on RNA2 and the adjacent intergenic region which also harbors small putative ORFs of unknown function; and the presence of an ORF encoding a 10 kDa protein at the 3'-terminal end of RNA1 that was also found to be present in the hibiscus green spot virus 2 genome. Spherical particles approximately 55-65 nm in diameter were observed in infected leaf tissue, and viral RNA was detected by reverse-transcription PCR in individual mites collected from symptomatic plants tentatively identified as Brevipalpus yothersi. Although phylogenetic analyses placed this virus between the higrevirus and cilevirus clades, we propose the tentative taxonomic placement of this virus, designated hibiscus yellow blotch virus (HYBV), within the genus Cilevirus.

SUBMITTER: Olmedo-Velarde A

PROVIDER: S-EPMC8126721 | biostudies-literature |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Project description:Hibiscus rosa-sinensis is an attractive, ever-blossoming, and effortlessly available plant around the globe. The fabulous flowers of H. rosa-sinensis enjoy a significant status in folk medicine throughout the world and comprise a range of phyto constituents due to which this splendid flower owns numerous biological and pharmaceutical activities like antioxidant, antifungal, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, antidiabetic, and antifertility activity. Considering this, column chromatographic isolation of the phytoconstituents of ethyl acetate fraction of the flowers of H. rosa-sinensis was performed. A series of five phthalates including Di-n-octyl phthalate (HR1), ditridecyl phthalate (HR2), 1-allyl 2-ethyl phthalate (HR3), diethyl phthalate (HR4), and bis (6-methylheptyl) phthalate (HR5) were isolated. The structures of the isolated phthalates were elucidated by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, 1H NMR, and 13C NMR. In silico and in vitro antidiabetic and antioxidant potential and DFT studies of isolated phthalates were carried out. In our study, isolated ligands were explored as potent antidiabetic as well as antioxidant agents as they exhibited good binding affinity (in in vitro and in silico experiments) against all selected protein targets. Compounds HR1-HR5 showed that the binding affinity value ranged from -5.9 to -5.2 kcal/mol, -5.5 to -4.3 kcal/mol, and -5.0 to -4.1 kcal/mol for target proteins 1HNY, 2I3Y, and 5O40, respectively. Among all isolated phthalates, HR5 can be a lead compound as it showed the best binding affinity with human pancreatic α-amylase (ΔG = -5.9 kcal/mol) and displayed a minimum inhibition concentration (IC50) of 11.69 μM among all phthalates. Compound HR1 was the best docked and scored compound for inhibiting glutathione peroxidase; however, HR2 possessed the lowest binding score of -5.0 kcal/mol, thus indicating the highest potential among isolated phthalates for inhibiting the superoxide dismutase. Furthermore, the top-ranked docked ligand-protein complex for each protein was assessed for stability of protein and complex mobility by molecular dynamics simulation using the IMOD server.

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A Virus Infecting Hibiscus rosa-sinensis Represents an Evolutionary Link Between Cileviruses and Higreviruses.

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