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Activity-regulated cytoskeleton-associated protein/activity-regulated gene 3.1 (Arc/Arg3.1) enhances dendritic cell vaccination in experimental melanoma.

ABSTRACT: Dendritic cell (DC) vaccination has proven to be an effective and safe adjuvant for cancer immunotherapies. As the presence of DCs within the tumor microenvironment promotes adaptive antitumor immunity, enhancement of DC migration toward the tumor microenvironment following DC vaccination might represent one possible approach to increase its therapeutic efficacy. While recent findings suggest the activity-regulated cytoskeleton-associated protein/activity-regulated gene 3.1 (Arc/Arg3.1) as critical regulator of DC migration in the context of autoimmune diseases, we aimed to investigate the impact of Arc/Arg3.1 expression for DC-based cancer vaccines. To this end, DC migration capacity as well as the induction of T cell-mediated antitumor immunity was assessed in an experimental B16 melanoma model with Arc/Arg3.1^-/- and Arc/Arg3.1-expressing BMDCs applied as a subcutaneous vaccine. While antigen presentation on DCs was critical for unleashing effective T cell mediated antitumor immune responses, Arc/Arg3.1 expression enhanced DC migration toward the tumor and secondary lymphoid organs. Moreover, Arc/Arg3.1-expressing BMDCs shape the tumor immune microenvironment by facilitating tumor recruitment of antigen-specific effector T cells. Thus, Arc/Arg3.1 may represent a novel therapeutic target in DCs in order to increase the therapeutic efficacy of DC vaccination.

SUBMITTER: Zhang XW

PROVIDER: S-EPMC8128181 | biostudies-literature |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Activity-regulated cytoskeleton-associated protein (Arc/Arg3.1) regulates anxiety- and novelty-related behaviors.

Project description:The activity-regulated cytoskeleton-associated protein (Arc, also known as Arg3.1) regulates glutamatergic synapse plasticity and has been linked to neuropsychiatric illness; however, its role in behaviors associated with mood and anxiety disorders remains unclear. We find that stress upregulates Arc expression in the adult mouse nucleus accumbens (NAc)-a brain region implicated in mood and anxiety behaviors. Global Arc knockout mice have altered AMPAR-subunit surface levels in the adult NAc, and the Arc-deficient mice show reductions in anxiety-like behavior, deficits in social novelty preference, and antidepressive-like behavior. Viral-mediated expression of Arc in the adult NAc of male, global Arc KO mice restores normal levels of anxiety-like behavior in the elevated plus maze (EPM). Consistent with this finding, viral-mediated reduction of Arc in the adult NAc reduces anxiety-like behavior in male, but not female, mice in the EPM. NAc-specific reduction of Arc also produced significant deficits in both object and social novelty preference tasks. Together our findings indicate that Arc is essential for regulating normal mood- and anxiety-related behaviors and novelty discrimination, and that Arc's function within the adult NAc contributes to these behavioral effects.

| S-EPMC6692244 | biostudies-literature

The activity-regulated cytoskeleton-associated protein, Arc/Arg3.1, influences mouse cocaine self-administration.

Project description:The activity-regulated cytoskeleton-associated protein (Arc, also known as Arg3.1), an immediate early gene and synaptic regulator, is upregulated following a single cocaine exposure. However, there is not much known regarding Arc/Arg3.1's potential contribution to addiction-relevant behaviors. Despite known learning and memory deficits in contextual fear and water-maze reversal learning tasks, we find that mice lacking Arc/Arg3.1 perform conditioned place preference and operant conditioning involving positive reinforcers (food and cocaine) with little-to-no impairment. However, following normal saline-extinction, wild type (WT) mice show a classic inverted-U dose-response function, while Arc/Arg3.1 knockout (KO) mice fail to adjust their intake across multiple doses. Importantly, Arc/Arg3.1 KO and WT mice behave comparably on an increasing cost task (FR1-FR3; acquisition dose), providing evidence that both groups find cocaine reinforcing. Differences in individuals that drive variations in use patterns and particularly, drug intake levels, are critical as they influence the likelihood of developing dependence. Our data suggest that Arc/Arg3.1 may contribute to addiction as a regulator of drug-taking vulnerability under different drug availability conditions.

| S-EPMC7202920 | biostudies-literature

Activity-Regulated Cytoskeleton-Associated Protein (Arc/Arg3.1) is Transiently Expressed after Heat Shock Stress and Suppresses Heat Shock Factor 1.

Project description:Heat shock proteins are induced by activation of heat shock factor 1 (HSF1) in response to heat shock and protect against heat stress. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the downstream signal of heat shock have not been fully elucidated. We found that similarly to canonical Hsps, Arc/Arg3.1 is also markedly induced by heat shock and by other cellular stress inducers, including diamide, sodium arsenite and H2O2 in various cells. We noted that heat stress-induced Arc/Arg3.1 protein is short lived, with a half-life of <30?min, and is readily degraded by the ubiquitin-proteasome system. Arc/Arg3.1 overexpression inhibited the up-regulation of heat shock-induced Hsp70 and Hsp27, suggesting that Arc/Arg3.1 is a negative regulator of heat shock response (HSR). Studying the effect of Arc/Arg3.1 on HSF1, a major transcription factor in HSR, we found that Arc/Arg3.1 binds to HSF1 and inhibits its binding to the heat shock element in gene promoters, resulting in reduced induction of Hsp27 and Hsp70 mRNAs, without affecting HSF1's phosphorylation-dependent activation, or nuclear localization. Arc/Arg3.1 overexpression decreased cell survival in response to heat shock. We conclude that Arc/Arg3.1 is transiently expressed after heat shock and negatively regulates HSF1 in the feedback loop of HSR.

| S-EPMC6385231 | biostudies-literature

RNA-seq of Arc/Arg3.1-positive versus Arc/Arg3.1-negative skin migratory dendritic cells from healthy mice

Project description:The key function of migratory dendritic cells (migDCs) is to take up antigens in peripheral tissues and migrate to draining lymph nodes (dLN) to initiate immune responses. Recently, we discovered in mice that in the immune system activity-regulated cytoskeleton associated protein/activity-regulated gene 3.1 (Arc/Arg3.1) is exclusively expressed by migDCs and is a central driver of fast inflammatory migration. However, the frequency of Arc/Arg3.1 expressing cells in different migDC subsets including Langerhans cells (LC), their phylogenetic origin, transcription factor dependency and functional role remains unclear. Here we found that Arc/Arg3.1+ migDCs derived from common DC precursors (CDPs) and radio-resistant LCs. They were present in all migDC subsets and showed a consistent superiority in inflammatory migration but were independent of the transcription factors Irf4 or Batf3. In intradermal Staphylococcus aureus infection, a model that relies on effective inflammatory antigen transport, Arc/Arg3.1 deletion strongly reduced T cell responses. By contrast, Arc/Arg3.1 deficiency did not hamper the immune response to systemic Listeria monocytogenes infection, which does not require antigen transport. Thus, our results show that Arc/Arg3.1 is a molecular marker for defining a population of DCs with superior migratory capacity that spans across all migDC subsets irrespective of ontogeny and phenotype.

2021-06-22 | GSE116161 | GEO

Arc/Arg3.1 has an activity-regulated interaction with PICK1 that results in altered spatial dynamics.

Project description:Activity-regulated cytoskeleton-associated protein (Arc; also known as Arg3.1) is an immediate early gene product that is transcribed in dendritic spines and, to date, has been best characterized as a positive regulator of AMPAR endocytosis during long-term depression (LTD) through interaction with endocytic proteins. Here, we show that protein interacting with C terminal kinase 1 (PICK1), a protein known to bind to the GluA2 subunit of AMPARs and associated with AMPAR trafficking, was pulled-down from brain homogenates and synaptosomes when using Arc as immobilized bait. Fluctuation and FLIM-FRET-Phasor analysis revealed direct interaction between these proteins when co-expressed that was increased under depolarizing conditions in live cells. At the plasma membrane, Arc-mCherry oligomerization was found to be concentration dependent. Additionally, co-expression of Arc-mCherry and EGFP-PICK1 followed by depolarizing conditions resulted in significant increases in the number and size of puncta containing both proteins. Furthermore, we identified the Arc binding region to be the first 126 amino acids of the PICK1 BAR domain. Overall, our data support a novel interaction and model where PICK1 mediates Arc regulation of AMPARs particularly under depolarizing conditions.

| S-EPMC6168463 | biostudies-literature

Enhancement of dynamin polymerization and GTPase activity by Arc/Arg3.1.

Project description:BackgroundThe Activity-regulated cytoskeleton-associated protein, Arc, is an immediate-early gene product implicated in various forms of synaptic plasticity. Arc promotes endocytosis of AMPA type glutamate receptors and regulates cytoskeletal assembly in neuronal dendrites. Its role in endocytosis may be mediated by its reported interaction with dynamin 2, a 100 kDa GTPase that polymerizes around the necks of budding vesicles and catalyzes membrane scission.MethodsEnzymatic and turbidity assays are used in this study to monitor effects of Arc on dynamin activity and polymerization. Arc oligomerization is measured using a combination of approaches, including size exclusion chromatography, sedimentation analysis, dynamic light scattering, fluorescence correlation spectroscopy, and electron microscopy.ResultsWe present evidence that bacterially-expressed His6-Arc facilitates the polymerization of dynamin 2 and stimulates its GTPase activity under physiologic conditions (37°C and 100mM NaCl). At lower ionic strength Arc also stabilizes pre-formed dynamin 2 polymers against GTP-dependent disassembly, thereby prolonging assembly-dependent GTP hydrolysis catalyzed by dynamin 2. Arc also increases the GTPase activity of dynamin 3, an isoform of implicated in dendrite remodeling, but does not affect the activity of dynamin 1, a neuron-specific isoform involved in synaptic vesicle recycling. We further show in this study that Arc (either His6-tagged or untagged) has a tendency to form large soluble oligomers, which may function as a scaffold for dynamin assembly and activation.Conclusions and general significanceThe ability of Arc to enhance dynamin polymerization and GTPase activation may provide a mechanism to explain Arc-mediated endocytosis of AMPA receptors and the accompanying effects on synaptic plasticity.

| S-EPMC4398645 | biostudies-literature

Arc/Arg3.1 functionally defines migrating 1 dendritic cells and regulates actin dynamics

Project description:We compared the expression profiles of bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (BMDC) derived from Arc/Arg3.1 knockout and wildtype animals.

2015-08-12 | GSE71937 | GEO

Arc/Arg3.1 functionally defines migrating 1 dendritic cells and regulates actin dynamics

Project description:We compared the expression profiles of bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (BMDC) derived from Arc/Arg3.1 knockout and wildtype animals. We generated bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (BMDC) from Arc/Arg3.1 knockout and wildtype animals. BMDC were either stimulated with LPS or left untreated and analysed by microarray.

2015-08-12 | E-GEOD-71937 | biostudies-arrayexpress

Arc/Arg3.1 regulates an endosomal pathway essential for activity-dependent ?-amyloid generation.

Project description:Assemblies of ?-amyloid (A?) peptides are pathological mediators of Alzheimer's Disease (AD) and are produced by the sequential cleavages of amyloid precursor protein (APP) by ?-secretase (BACE1) and ?-secretase. The generation of A? is coupled to neuronal activity, but the molecular basis is unknown. Here, we report that the immediate early gene Arc is required for activity-dependent generation of A?. Arc is a postsynaptic protein that recruits endophilin2/3 and dynamin to early/recycling endosomes that traffic AMPA receptors to reduce synaptic strength in both hebbian and non-hebbian forms of plasticity. The Arc-endosome also traffics APP and BACE1, and Arc physically associates with presenilin1 (PS1) to regulate ?-secretase trafficking and confer activity dependence. Genetic deletion of Arc reduces A? load in a transgenic mouse model of AD. In concert with the finding that patients with AD can express anomalously high levels of Arc, we hypothesize that Arc participates in the pathogenesis of AD.

| S-EPMC3207263 | biostudies-literature

A role for dendritic mGluR5-mediated local translation of Arc/Arg3.1 in MEF2-dependent synapse elimination.

Project description:Experience refines synaptic connectivity through neural activity-dependent regulation of transcription factors. Although activity-dependent regulation of transcription factors has been well described, it is unknown whether synaptic activity and local, dendritic regulation of the induced transcripts are necessary for mammalian synaptic plasticity in response to transcription factor activation. Neuronal depolarization activates the myocyte enhancer factor 2 (MEF2) family of transcription factors that suppresses excitatory synapse number. We report that activation of metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 (mGluR5) on the dendrites, but not cell soma, of hippocampal CA1 neurons is required for MEF2-induced functional and structural synapse elimination. We present evidence that mGluR5 is necessary for synapse elimination to stimulate dendritic translation of the MEF2 target gene Arc/Arg3.1. Activity-regulated cytoskeletal-associated protein (Arc) is required for MEF2-induced synapse elimination, where it plays an acute, cell-autonomous, and postsynaptic role. This work reveals a role for dendritic activity in local translation of specific transcripts in synapse refinement.

| S-EPMC4057996 | biostudies-literature

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