Transportation container for pre-processing cytogenetic assays in radiation accidents.
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ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Gu J
PROVIDER: S-EPMC8129553 | biostudies-literature |
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
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Project description:Biological materials can be shipped off-site for diagnostic, therapeutic and research purposes. They usually are kept in certain environments for their final application during transportation. However, active reagent handling during transportation from a collection site to a laboratory or biorepository has not been reported yet. In this paper, we show the application of a micro-controlled centrifugal microfluidic system inside a shipping container that can add reagent to an actively cultured human blood sample during transportation to ensure a rapid biodosimetry of cytokinesis-block micronucleus (CBMN) assay. The newly demonstrated concept could have a significant impact on rapid biodosimetry triage for medical countermeasure in a radiological disaster. It also opens a new capability in accelerated sample processing during transportation for biomedical and healthcare applications.
| S-EPMC9122182 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Tear fluid forms a potential source for biomarker identification, and can be minimal invasively collected via Schirmer strips. The lack of knowledge on the processing of Schirmer strips however complicates the analysis and between-study comparisons. We studied two different pre-processing methods, specifically the use of punches of the strip versus elution of the strip in a buffer. Tear fluid filled Schirmer strips were collected from 5 healthy participants, and divided into two halves over the length of the strip. In either part, punches or eluates were obtained from 4 different locations, from the first part touching the eye (head) to the end, to assess the protein distribution along the strips. The levels of 92 inflammatory proteins were measured in the punches/eluates using proximity extension assays. The punch method yielded higher protein detectability compared to the elution method (76% vs 66%; p ≤ 0.001). Protein expression level was found to be slightly higher in the head of the strip, however, 3 out of 5 punches from the head failed quality control. Protein expression levels over the remaining parts of the strips were similar. Our study showed beneficial use of punches of any part of the strip except the head in future biomarker research.
| S-EPMC10023677 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Understanding the influence factors and related causation of hazardous materials can improve hazardous materials drivers' safety awareness and help traffic professionals to develop effective countermeasures. This study investigates the statistical distribution characteristics, such as types of hazardous materials transportation accidents, driver properties, vehicle properties, environmental properties, road properties. In total, 343 data regarding hazardous materials accidents were collected from the chemical accident information network of China. An ordered logit regression (OLR) model is proposed to account for the unobserved heterogeneity across observations. Four independent variables, such as hazardous materials drivers' properties, vehicle properties, environmental properties, and road properties are employed based on the OLR model, an ordered multinomial logistic regression (MLR) is estimated the OLR model parameters. Both parameter estimates and odds ratio (OR) are employed to interpret the impact of influence factors on the severity of hazardous materials accidents. The model estimation results show that 10 factors such as violations, unsafe driving behaviors, vehicle faults, and so on are closely related to accidents severity of hazardous materials transportation. Furthermore, three enforcement countermeasures are proposed to prevent accidents when transporting hazardous materials.
| S-EPMC7068377 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Deficiencies in the sterile processing of medical instruments contribute to poor outcomes for patients, such as surgical site infections, longer hospital stays, and deaths. In low resources settings, such as some rural and semi-rural areas and secondary and tertiary cities of developing countries, deficiencies in sterile processing are accentuated due to the lack of access to sterilization equipment, improperly maintained and malfunctioning equipment, lack of power to operate equipment, poor protocols, and inadequate quality control over inventory. Inspired by our sterile processing fieldwork at a district hospital in Sierra Leone in 2013, we built an autonomous, shipping-container-based sterile processing unit to address these deficiencies. The sterile processing unit, dubbed "the sterile box," is a full suite capable of handling instruments from the moment they leave the operating room to the point they are sterile and ready to be reused for the next surgery. The sterile processing unit is self-sufficient in power and water and features an intake for contaminated instruments, decontamination, sterilization via non-electric steam sterilizers, and secure inventory storage. To validate efficacy, we ran tests of decontamination and sterilization performance. Results of 61 trials validate convincingly that our sterile processing unit achieves satisfactory outcomes for decontamination and sterilization and as such holds promise to support healthcare facilities in low resources settings.
| S-EPMC4805258 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundRadiation overexposure accidents are rare but can have severe long-term health consequences. Although underreporting can be an issue, some extensive literature reviews of reported radiation overexposures have been performed and constitute a sound basis for conclusions on general trends. Building further on this work, we performed a systematic review that completes previous reviews and provides new information on characteristics and trends of reported radiation accidents.MethodsWe searched publications and reports from MEDLINE, EMBASE, the International Atomic Energy Agency, the International Radiation Protection Association, the United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation, the United States Nuclear Regulatory Commission, and the Radiation Emergency Assistance Center/Training Site radiation accident registry over 1980-2013. We retrieved the reported overexposure cases, systematically extracted selected information, and performed a descriptive analysis.Results297 out of 5189 publications and reports and 194 records from the REAC/TS registry met our eligibility criteria. From these, 634 reported radiation accidents were retrieved, involving 2390 overexposed people, of whom 190 died from their overexposure. The number of reported cases has decreased for all types of radiation use, but the medical one. 64% of retrieved overexposure cases occurred with the use of radiation therapy and fluoroscopy. Additionally, the types of reported accidents differed significantly across regions.ConclusionsThis review provides an updated and broader view of reported radiation overexposures. It suggests an overall decline in reported radiation overexposures over 1980-2013. The greatest share of reported overexposures occurred in the medical fields using radiation therapy and fluoroscopy; this larger number of reported overexposures accidents indicates the potential need for enhanced quality assurance programs. Our data also highlights variations in characteristics of reported accidents by region. The main limitation of this study is the likely underreporting of radiation overexposures. Ensuring a comprehensive monitoring and reporting of radiation overexposures is paramount to inform and tailor prevention interventions to local needs.
| S-EPMC4366065 | biostudies-literature
Project description:The purpose of the study was to develop and validate the CFD model for predicting temperature profile and determine the slowest heating zone (SHZ) during the thermal processing of Fesenjan stew. The temperature profile was recorded experimentally at a point where it was predicted to be the SHZ. The results showed that the SHZ was located at the geometric center of the containers, and the temperature reached 120.3 °C. The average temperatures of experiment versus predicted temperatures at the same positions, no significant difference were observed (p < .01). The RMSE calculation showed good agreement between simulation and experimental data (RMSE = 1.36). The container geometrical center F0 was measured 17.68 min and indicated that an additional process was applied. An 11.5 min reduction in holding time was estimated to optimize the process since the F0 of some meat and sauce-based food is about 6-7.65 min.
| S-EPMC7866580 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Based on accident data from the China Chemical Accident Information Network, detailed information was obtained from 2657 hazardous chemicals road transportation accidents (HCRTAs) and 148 evacuations caused by these accidents that occurred in China from 2012 to 2020. The characteristics and the development trend of the present HCRTAs in China and the rate of emergency are obtained via statistical analysis. Based on the probability of evacuation scenarios via historical statistics, the social cost of labor loss value of participating emergency responders, and evacuees' placement and transfer cost as the consequences of evacuation events, an evacuation event grading model based on social risk assessment is constructed. Evaluating and classifying the risk of evacuation events caused by HCRTAs (148), the results demonstrated that the social risk caused by emergency scenarios F_61 (leakage due to overturning of hazardous chemical vehicles, which led to evacuation) and F_91 (leakage due to rear-end of hazardous chemical vehicles, which led to evacuation) was higher than other emergency scenarios. To reduce the dangers caused by HCRTAs, the framework for improving the emergency response capacity of communities is discussed and analyzed based on five aspects, which comprise land use planning, city construction, education promotion, information construction, and the layout of emergency resources.
| S-EPMC9690497 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Human Microprocessor cleaves pri-miRNAs to initiate miRNA biogenesis. The accuracy and efficiency of Microprocessor cleavage ensure appropriate miRNA sequence and expression and thus its proper gene regulation. However, Microprocessor cleaves many pri-miRNAs incorrectly, so it requires assistance from its many cofactors. For example, SRSF3 enhances Microprocessor cleavage by interacting with the CNNC motif in pri-miRNAs. However, whether SRSF3 can function with other motifs and/or requires the motifs in a certain secondary structure is unknown. In addition, the function of SRSF7 (a paralog of SRSF3) in miRNA biogenesis still needs to be discovered. Here, we demonstrated that SRSF7 could stimulate Microprocessor cleavage. In addition, by conducting high-throughput pri-miRNA cleavage assays for Microprocessor and SRSF7 or SRSF3, we demonstrated that SRSF7 and SRSF3 function with the CRC and CNNC motifs, adopting certain secondary structures. In addition, SRSF7 and SRSF3 affect the Microprocessor cleavage sites in human cells. Our findings demonstrate the roles of SRSF7 in miRNA biogenesis and provide a comprehensive view of the molecular mechanism of SRSF7 and SRSF3 in enhancing Microprocessor cleavage.
2023-01-23 | GSE215790 | GEO
Project description:BackgroundIn studies of perfluoroalkyl acids, the validity and comparability of measured concentrations may be affected by differences in the handling of biospecimens. We aimed to investigate whether measured plasma levels of perfluoroalkyl acids differed between blood samples subjected to delay and transportation prior to processing and samples with immediate processing and freezing.MethodsPregnant women recruited at Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark, (n = 88) provided paired blood samples. For each pair of samples, one was immediately processed and plasma was frozen, and the other was delayed and transported as whole blood before processing and freezing of plasma (similar to the Danish National Birth Cohort). We measured 12 perfluoroalkyl acids and present results for compounds with more than 50% of samples above the lower limit of quantification.ResultsFor samples taken in the winter, relative differences between the paired samples ranged between -77 and +38% for individual perfluoroalkyl acids. In most cases concentrations were lower in the delayed and transported samples, e.g. the relative difference was -29% (95% confidence interval -30; -27) for perfluorooctane sulfonate. For perfluorooctanoate there was no difference between the two setups [corresponding estimate 1% (0, 3)]. Differences were negligible in the summer for all compounds.ConclusionsTransport of blood samples and processing delay, similar to conditions applied in some large, population-based studies, may affect measured perfluoroalkyl acid concentrations, mainly when outdoor temperatures are low. Attention to processing conditions is needed in studies of perfluoroalkyl acid exposure in humans.
| S-EPMC4565678 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Summary Characterizing resident immune cells in human skin using single-cell assays provides insight into their role in infections, inflammation, and cancer. We describe an optimized protocol to rapidly isolate viable cells from 6-mm skin punch-biopsies. We provide an example in which we coupled single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) with single-cell T-cell receptor sequencing (scTCR-seq) of skin and blood cells to study transcriptional profiles and clonotypes of skin resident and peripheral circulating, memory, and effector T cells. This is an improved protocol based on Saluzzo et al. (2021). For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Saluzzo et al. (2021). Graphical abstract Highlights • Preparation of a high-quality single-cell suspension from human skin punch biopsies• Suitable for single-cell RNA and TCR sequencing to study skin and blood T cells• Cost minimization by hash-tagging and pooling blood and skin cells of one individual• Overview of the downstream bioinformatic analysis for the T cell characterization Publisher’s note: Undertaking any experimental protocol requires adherence to local institutional guidelines for laboratory safety and ethics. Characterizing resident immune cells in human skin using single-cell assays provides insight into their role in infections, inflammation, and cancer. We describe an optimized protocol to rapidly isolate viable cells from 6-mm skin punch-biopsies. We provide an example in which we coupled single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-Seq) with single-cell T-cell receptor sequencing (scTCR-Seq) of skin and blood cells to study transcriptional profiles and clonotypes of skin resident and peripheral circulating, memory, and effector T cells. This is an improved protocol based on Saluzzo et al. (2021).
| S-EPMC9234085 | biostudies-literature