A novel NAC family transcription factor SPR suppresses seed storage protein synthesis in wheat.
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ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Shen L
PROVIDER: S-EPMC8131056 | biostudies-literature |
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
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Project description:Seed storage proteins (SSPs) are determinants of wheat end-product quality. SSP synthesis is mainly regulated at the transcriptional level. Few transcriptional regulators of SSP synthesis have been identified in wheat and this study aims to identify novel SSP gene regulators. Here, the R2R3 MYB transcription factor TuODORANT1 from Triticum urartu was found to be preferentially expressed in the developing endosperm during grain filling. In common wheat (Triticum aestivum) overexpressing TuODORANT1, the transcription levels of all the SSP genes tested by RNA-Seq analysis were reduced by 49.71% throughout grain filling, which contributed to 13.38%-35.60% declines in the total SSP levels of mature grains. In in vitro assays, TuODORANT1 inhibited both the promoter activities and the transcription of SSP genes by 1- to 13-fold. The electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) and ChIP-qPCR analysis demonstrated that TuODORANT1 bound to the cis-elements 5'-T/CAACCA-3' and 5'-T/CAACT/AG-3' in SSP gene promoters both in vitro and in vivo. Similarly, the homolog TaODORANT1 in common wheat hindered both the promoter activities and the transcription of SSP genes by 1- to 112-fold in vitro. Knockdown of TaODORANT1 in common wheat led to 14.73%-232.78% increases in the transcription of the tested SSP genes, which contributed to 11.43%-19.35% elevation in the total SSP levels. Our data show that both TuODORANT1 and TaODORANT1 are repressors of SSP synthesis.
| S-EPMC8428827 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Many important genes in agriculture correspond to transcription factors (TFs) that regulate a wide range of pathways from flowering to responses to disease and abiotic stresses. In this study, we identified 5776 TFs in hexaploid wheat (Triticum aestivum) and classified them into gene families. We further investigated the NAC family exploring the phylogeny, C-terminal domain (CTD) conservation, and expression profiles across 308 RNA-seq samples. Phylogenetic trees of NAC domains indicated that wheat NACs divided into eight groups similar to rice (Oryza sativa) and barley (Hordeum vulgare). CTD motifs were frequently conserved between wheat, rice, and barley within phylogenetic groups; however, this conservation was not maintained across phylogenetic groups. Three homeologous copies were present for 58% of NACs, whereas evidence of single homeolog gene loss was found for 33% of NACs. We explored gene expression patterns across a wide range of developmental stages, tissues, and abiotic stresses. We found that more phylogenetically related NACs shared more similar expression patterns compared to more distant NACs. However, within each phylogenetic group there were clades with diverse expression profiles. We carried out a coexpression analysis on all wheat genes and identified 37 modules of coexpressed genes of which 23 contained NACs. Using gene ontology (GO) term enrichment, we obtained putative functions for NACs within coexpressed modules including responses to heat and abiotic stress and responses to water: these NACs may represent targets for breeding or biotechnological applications. This study provides a framework and data for hypothesis generation for future studies on NAC TFs in wheat.
| S-EPMC5592928 | biostudies-literature
Project description:The NAC transcription factor (TF) family is one of the largest TF families in plants, which has been widely reported in rice, maize and common wheat. However, the significance of the NAC TF family in wild emmer wheat (Triticum turgidum ssp. dicoccoides) is not yet well understood. In this study, a genome-wide investigation of NAC genes was conducted in the wild emmer genome and 249 NAC family members (TdNACs) were identified. The results showed that all of these genes contained NAM/NAC-conserved domains and most of them were predicted to be located on the nucleus. Phylogenetic analysis showed that these 249 TdNACs can be classified into seven clades, which are likely to be involved in the regulation of grain protein content, starch synthesis and response to biotic and abiotic stresses. Expression pattern analysis revealed that TdNACs were highly expressed in different wheat tissues such as grain, root, leaves and shoots. We found that TdNAC8470 was phylogenetically close to NAC genes that regulate either grain protein or starch accumulation. Overexpression of TdNAC8470 in rice showed increased grain starch concentration but decreased grain Fe, Zn and Mn contents compared with wild-type plants. Protein interaction analysis indicated that TdNAC8470 might interact with granule-bound starch synthase 1 (TdGBSS1) to regulate grain starch accumulation. Our work provides a comprehensive understanding of the NAC TFs family in wild emmer wheat and establishes the way for future functional analysis and genetic improvement of increasing grain starch content in wheat.
| S-EPMC9569692 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Bacterial wilt (BW) is a serious disease that affects eggplant (Solanum melongena) production. Although resistance to this disease has been reported, the underlying mechanism is unknown. In this study, we identified a NAC family transcription factor (SmNAC) from eggplant and characterized its expression, its localization at the tissue and subcellular levels, and its role in BW resistance. To this end, transgenic eggplant lines were generated in which the expression of SmNAC was constitutively up regulated or suppressed using RNAi. The results indicated that overexpression of SmNAC decreases resistance to BW. Moreover, SmNAC overexpression resulted in the reduced accumulation of the plant immune signaling molecule salicylic acid (SA) and reduced expression of ICS1 (a gene that encode isochorismate synthase 1, which is involved in SA biosynthesis). We propose that reduced SA content results in increased bacterial wilt susceptibility in the transgenic lines. Our results provide important new insights into the regulatory mechanisms of bacterial wilt resistance in eggplant.
| S-EPMC4985710 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundNAC (NAM, ATAF1/2 and CUC2) domain proteins are plant-specific transcriptional factors known to play diverse roles in various plant developmental processes. NAC transcription factors comprise of a large gene family represented by more than 100 members in Arabidopsis, rice and soybean etc. Recently, a preliminary phylogenetic analysis was reported for NAC gene family from 11 plant species. However, no comprehensive study incorporating phylogeny, chromosomal location, gene structure, conserved motifs, and expression profiling analysis has been presented thus far for the model tree species Populus.ResultsIn the present study, a comprehensive analysis of NAC gene family in Populus was performed. A total of 163 full-length NAC genes were identified in Populus, and they were phylogenetically clustered into 18 distinct subfamilies. The gene structure and motif compositions were considerably conserved among the subfamilies. The distributions of 120 Populus NAC genes were non-random across the 19 linkage groups (LGs), and 87 genes (73%) were preferentially retained duplicates that located in both duplicated regions. The majority of NACs showed specific temporal and spatial expression patterns based on EST frequency and microarray data analyses. However, the expression patterns of a majority of duplicate genes were partially redundant, suggesting the occurrence of subfunctionalization during subsequent evolutionary process. Furthermore, quantitative real-time RT-PCR (RT-qPCR) was performed to confirm the tissue-specific expression patterns of 25 NAC genes.ConclusionBased on the genomic organizations, we can conclude that segmental duplications contribute significantly to the expansion of Populus NAC gene family. The comprehensive expression profiles analysis provides first insights into the functional divergence among members in NAC gene family. In addition, the high divergence rate of expression patterns after segmental duplications indicates that NAC genes in Populus are likewise to have been retained by substantial subfunctionalization. Taken together, our results presented here would be helpful in laying the foundation for functional characterization of NAC gene family and further gaining an understanding of the structure-function relationship between these family members.
| S-EPMC3017804 | biostudies-literature
Project description:The 7S globulins are plant seed storage proteins that have been associated with the development of a number of human diseases, including peanut allergy. Immune reactivity to the wheat seed storage protein globulin-3 (Glo-3) has been associated with the development of the autoimmune disease type 1 diabetes in diabetes-prone rats and mice, as well as in a subset of human patients.The present study characterized native wheat Glo-3 in salt-soluble wheat seed protein extracts. Glo-3-like peptides were observed primarily in the wheat embryo. Glo-3-like proteins varied significantly in their molecular masses and isoelectric points, as determined by two dimensional electrophoresis and immunoblotting with anti-Glo-3A antibodies. Five major polypeptide spots were identified by mass spectrometry and N-terminal sequencing as belonging to the Glo-3 family.These results in combination with our previous findings have allowed for the development of a hypothetical model of the post-translational events contributing to the wheat 7S globulin profile in mature wheat kernels.
| S-EPMC3434096 | biostudies-literature
Project description:NAC (NAM, ATAF, and CUC) transcription factors play important roles in plant biological processes, including phytohormone homeostasis, plant development, and in responses to various environmental stresses.TaNAC29 was introduced into Arabidopsis using the Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated floral dipping method. TaNAC29-overexpression plants were subjected to salt and drought stresses for examining gene functions. To investigate tolerant mechanisms involved in the salt and drought responses, expression of related marker genes analyses were conducted, and related physiological indices were also measured. Expressions of genes were analyzed by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR).A novel NAC transcription factor gene, designated TaNAC29, was isolated from bread wheat (Triticum aestivum). Sequence alignment suggested that TaNAC29 might be located on chromosome 2BS. TaNAC29 was localized to the nucleus in wheat protoplasts, and proved to have transcriptional activation activities in yeast. TaNAC29 was expressed at a higher level in the leaves, and expression levels were much higher in senescent leaves, indicating that TaNAC29 might be involved in the senescence process. TaNAC29 transcripts were increased following treatments with salt, PEG6000, H2O2, and abscisic acid (ABA). To examine TaNAC29 function, transgenic Arabidopsis plants overexpressing TaNAC29 were generated. Germination and root length assays of transgenic plants demonstrated that TaNAC29 overexpression plants had enhanced tolerances to high salinity and dehydration, and exhibited an ABA-hypersensitive response. When grown in the greenhouse, TaNAC29-overexpression plants showed the same tolerance response to salt and drought stresses at both the vegetative and reproductive period, and had delayed bolting and flowering in the reproductive period. Moreover, TaNAC29 overexpression plants accumulated lesser malondialdehyde (MDA), H2O2, while had higher superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities under high salinity and/or dehydration stress.Our results demonstrate that TaNAC29 plays important roles in the senescence process and response to salt and drought stresses. ABA signal pathway and antioxidant enzyme systems are involved in TaNAC29-mediated stress tolerance mechanisms.
| S-EPMC4632686 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Environmental stresses such as drought, salinity, and cold are major factors that significantly limit agricultural productivity. NAC transcription factors play essential roles in response to various abiotic stresses. However, the paucity of wheat NAC members functionally characterized to date does not match the importance of this plant as a world staple crop. Here, the function of TaNAC2 was characterized in Arabidopsis thaliana. A fragment of TaNAC2 was obtained from suppression subtractive cDNA libraries of wheat treated with polyethylene glycol, and its full-length cDNA was obtained by searching a full-length wheat cDNA library. Gene expression profiles indicated that TaNAC2 was involved in response to drought, salt, cold, and abscisic acid treatment. To test its function, transgenic Arabidopsis lines overexpressing TaNAC2-GFP controlled by the cauliflower mosaic virus 35S promoter were generated. Overexpression of TaNAC2 resulted in enhanced tolerances to drought, salt, and freezing stresses in Arabidopsis, which were simultaneously demonstrated by enhanced expression of abiotic stress-response genes and several physiological indices. Therefore, TaNAC2 has potential for utilization in transgenic breeding to improve abiotic stress tolerances in crops.
| S-EPMC3350912 | biostudies-literature
Project description:NAC transcription factors are one of the largest transcription factor families having functions in a variety of stress responses. Few NACs have been reported for interactions between wheat and the wheat rust fungus Puccinia triticina (Pt). In this study, based on analysis of RNA-seq data from wheat line TcLr19 inoculated by Pt, the NAC transcription factor TaNAC069 was cloned from wheat, and its transcriptional activity and homologous dimer formation were verified. Quantitative real-time PCR analysis showed that the expression of TaNAC069 was induced by Pt and associated signaling molecules. To further characterize the function of the TaNAC069 gene in wheat resistance to Pt, virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) was utilized, and it revealed that Pt resistance in TaNAC069-silenced plants was significantly reduced. Potential interaction targets of TaNAC069 from wheat and Pt were screened and identified by yeast two-hybrid technology. Eukaryotic elongation factor eEF1A, CBSX3 protein, and cold acclimation protein WCOR410c were screened by yeast one-hybrid technology. The results indicate that the TaNAC069 gene plays a positive regulatory role in wheat resistance to Pt, laying a good foundation to analyze the molecular mechanisms of TaNAC069 and its functional role in wheat resistance to Pt.
| S-EPMC8005738 | biostudies-literature
Project description:NAC [no apical meristem (NAM), Arabidopsis transcription activation factor [ATAF1/2] and cup-shaped cotyledon (CUC2)] proteins is one of the largest groups of plant specific transcription factors and plays a crucial role in plant growth, development, and adaption to the environment. Currently, no information is known about the NAC family in cassava. In this study, 96 NAC genes (MeNACs) were identified from the cassava genome. Phylogenetic analysis of the NACs from cassava and Arabidopsis showed that MeNAC proteins can be clustered into 16 subgroups. Gene structure analysis found that the number of introns of MeNAC genes varied from 0 to 5, with the majority of MeNAC genes containing two introns, indicating a small gene structure diversity of cassava NAC genes. Conserved motif analysis revealed that all of the identified MeNACs had the conserved NAC domain and/or NAM domain. Global expression analysis suggested that MeNAC genes exhibited different expression profiles in different tissues between wild subspecies and cultivated varieties, indicating their involvement in the functional diversity of different accessions. Transcriptome analysis demonstrated that MeNACs had a widely transcriptional response to drought stress and that they had differential expression profiles in different accessions, implying their contribution to drought stress resistance in cassava. Finally, the expression of twelve MeNAC genes was analyzed under osmotic, salt, cold, ABA, and H2O2 treatments, indicating that cassava NACs may represent convergence points of different signaling pathways. Taken together, this work found some excellent tissue-specific and abiotic stress-responsive candidate MeNAC genes, which would provide a solid foundation for functional investigation of the NAC family, crop improvement and improved understanding of signal transduction in plants. These data bring new insight on the complexity of the transcriptional control of MeNAC genes and support the hypothesis that NACs play an important role in plant growth, development, and adaption of environment.
| S-EPMC4552662 | biostudies-literature