Dataset Information

Relative abundance and molecular identification of Culex pipiens complex (Diptera: Culicidae), in Kura Local Government Area, North-western Nigeria.

ABSTRACT: Culex species are the most widespread mosquito species across the world and are known to be highly opportunistic, feeding on humans and livestock. They are known to acquire the potential to transmit zoonotic diseases, including Rift Valley Fever (RVF). However, despite their public health significance, they remain understudied in North-western Nigeria, compared to Anophelines. This study was therefore aimed at determining the relative abundance and Multiplex polymerase chain reaction (Multiplex PCR) identification of members of the Culex pipiens complex, in Kura Local Government Area (LGA), North-western, Nigeria. Adult mosquitoes were collected using Center for Disease Control (CDC) miniature light traps from August to October 2019. Mosquitoes were identified using morphological identification keys. Members of the Culex pipiens complex were further identified using Multiplex PCR to assess the presence of sibling species. A total of 413 mosquitoes, belonging to 3 genera, Culex, Anopheles and Aedes were collected. Of this figure, 120 Culex spp. females were collected. Homes with livestock had the highest occurrence of mosquitoes, 123 (61.19%) compared to those without livestock, 78 (38.81%). There was no statistical difference among the two (2) categories of homes (P ≥ 0.005). Culicoides spp. were the most common with 130 collected (65.38%). Again, homes with livestock had the highest occurrence, 85 whilst homes without livestock had 45 of the other flies caught. Multiplex- PCR revealed no expected bands for Cx. quinquefasciatus and Cx. pipiens from the DNA obtained from field collected mosquitoes as confirmed by using genomic DNA of an insectary Culex quinquefasciatus as control. Cx. spp. is presently regarded as a biting nuisance having no significant epidemiological importance. Efforts at its control should be intensified before it is too late. This study provides useful information on the occurrence and multiplex PCR of Culex spp in Kura Local Government Area, North-western Nigeria. These results have implications for the control of Culex spp. mosquito populations and the spread of human, livestock and avian diseases.

SUBMITTER: Mohammed BR

PROVIDER: S-EPMC8131315 | biostudies-literature |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

ACCESS DATA

Similar Datasets

Project description:BACKGROUND: Culex spp. mosquitoes are considered to be the most important vectors of West Nile virus (WNV) detected in at least 34 species of mosquitoes in the United States. In North America, Culex pipiens pipiens, Culex pipiens quinquefasciatus, and Culex tarsalis are all competent vectors of WNV, which is considered to be enzootic in the United States and has also been detected in equines and birds in many states of Mexico and in humans in Nuevo Leon. There is potential for WNV to be introduced into Mexico City by various means including infected mosquitoes on airplanes, migrating birds, ground transportation and infected humans. Little is known of the geographic distribution of Culex pipiens complex mosquitoes and hybrids in Mexico City. Culex pipiens pipiens preferentially feed on avian hosts; Culex pipiens quinquefasciatus have historically been considered to prefer mammalian hosts; and hybrids of these two species could theoretically serve as bridge vectors to transmit WNV from avian hosts to humans and other mammalian hosts. In order to address the potential of WNV being introduced into Mexico City, we have determined the identity and spatial distribution of Culex pipiens complex mosquitoes and their hybrids. RESULTS: Mosquito larvae collected from 103 sites throughout Mexico City during 2004-2005 were identified as Culex, Culiseta or Ochlerotatus by morphological analysis. Within the genus Culex, specimens were further identified as Culex tarsalis or as belonging to the Culex pipiens complex. Members of the Culex pipiens complex were separated by measuring the ratio of the dorsal and ventral arms (DV/D ratio) of the male genitalia and also by using diagnostic primers designed for the Ace.2 gene. Culex pipiens quinquefasciatus was the most abundant form collected. CONCLUSIONS: Important WNV vectors species, Cx. p. pipiens, Cx. p. quinquefasciatus and Cx. tarsalis, are all present in Mexico City. Hybrids of Cx. p. pipiens and Cx. p. quinquefasciatus were also collected and identified. The presence and abundance of these WNV competent vectors is a cause for concern. Understanding the distribution of these vectors can help improve viral surveillance activities and mosquito control efforts in Mexico City.

Project description:This study examined pyrethroid resistance intensity and mechanisms in Culex quinquefasciatus (Say) (Diptera: Culicidae) populations from Jigawa, North-West Nigeria. Resistance statuses to permethrin, lambda-cyhalothrin and alphacypermethrin were determined with both WHO and CDC resistance bioassays. Synergist assay was conducted by pre-exposing the populations to Piperonyl butoxide (PBO) using the WHO method. Resistance intensities to 2x, 5x and 10x of diagnostic concentrations were determined with the CDC bottle method. Species analysis and presence of knockdown mutation (Leu-Phe) were done using Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). Results showed that Cx. quinquefasciatus was the only Culex spp. present and "Kdr-west" mutation was not detected in all analyzed samples. Using WHO method, Cx. quinquefasciatus resistance to permethrin was detected in Dutse (12.2%) and Kafin-Hausa (77.78%). Lambda-cyhalothrin resistance was recorded only in Kafin-Hausa (83.95%) with resistance suspected in Ringim (90%). Resistance to alphacypermethrin was recorded in all locations. Pre-exposure to PBO led to 100% mortality to alphacypermethrin and lambda-cyhalothrin in Ringim while mortality to permethrin and alphacypermethrin in Dutse increased from 12.2% to 97.5% and 64.37% to 79.52% respectively. Using CDC bottle bioassay, resistance was also recorded in all populations and the result shows a significant positive correlation (R2 = 0.728, p = 0.026) with the result from the WHO bioassay. Results of resistance intensity revealed a very high level of resistance in Kafin-Hausa with susceptibility to lambda-cyhalothrin and alphacypermethrin not achieved at 10x of diagnostic doses. Resistance intensity was also high in Dutse with susceptibility to all insecticides not achieved at 5x of diagnostic doses. Widespread and high intensity of resistance in Cx. quinquefasciatus from North-West Nigeria is a major threat to the control of diseases transmitted by Culex and other mosquito species. It is a challenge that needs to be adequately addressed so as to prevent the failure of pyrethroid-based vector control tools.

Dataset Information

Relative abundance and molecular identification of Culex pipiens complex (Diptera: Culicidae), in Kura Local Government Area, North-western Nigeria.

Similar Datasets

OmicsDI is part of the ELIXIR infrastructure

Tweets